It is less known whether and how soil metal lead （Pb） impacts the invasion of exotic plants. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to estimate the effects of lead on the growth and mycorrhizae of an invasive species...It is less known whether and how soil metal lead （Pb） impacts the invasion of exotic plants. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to estimate the effects of lead on the growth and mycorrhizae of an invasive species （Solidago canadensis L.） in a microcosm system. Each microcosm unit was separated into HOST and TEST compartments by a replaceable mesh screen that allowed arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungal hyphae rather than plant roots to grow into the TEST compartments. Three Pb levels （control, 300, and 600 mg/kg soil） were used in this study to simulate ambient soil and two pollution sites where S. canadensis grows. Mycorrhizal inoculum comprised five indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species （ Glomus mosseae, Glomus versiform, Glomus diaphanum, Glomus geosporum, and Glomus etunicatum）. The ^15N isotope tracer was used to quantify the mycorrhizally mediated nitrogen acquisition of plants. The results showed that S. canadensis was highly dependent on mycorrhizae. The Pb additions significantly decreased biomass and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization （root length colonized, RLC%） but did not affect spore numbers, N （including total N and ^15N） and P uptake. The facilitating efficiency of mycorrhizae on nutrient acquisition was promoted by Pb treatments. The Pb was mostly sequestered in belowground of plant （root and rhizome）. The results suggest that the high efficiency of mycorrhizae on nutrient uptake might give S. canadensis a great advantage over native species in Pb polluted soils.展开更多
The relationship between Solidago canadensis L. invasion and soil microbial community diversity including functional and structure diversities was studied across the invasive gradients varying from 0 to 40%, 80%, and ...The relationship between Solidago canadensis L. invasion and soil microbial community diversity including functional and structure diversities was studied across the invasive gradients varying from 0 to 40%, 80%, and 100% coverage of Solidago canadensis L. using sole carbon source utilization profiles analyses, principle component analysis （PCA） and phospholipid fatty acids （PLFA） profiles analyses. The results show the characteristics of soil microbial community functional and structure diversity in invaded soils strongly changed by Solidago canadensis L. invasion. Solidago canadensis L. invasion tended to result in higher substrate richness, and functional diversity. As compared to the native and ecotones, average utilization of specific substrate guilds of soil microbe was the highest in Solidago canadensis L. monoculture. Soil microbial functional diversity in Solidago canadensis L. monoculture was distinctly separated from the native area and the ecotones. Aerobic bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes population significantly increased but anaerobic bacteria decreased in the soil with Solidago canadensis L. monoculture. The ratio of cyl9：0 to 18：1 co7 gradually declined but mono/sat and fung/bact PLFAs increased when Solidago canadensis L. became more dominant. The microbial community composition clearly separated the native soil from the invaded soils by PCA analysis, especially 18： lco7c, 16： lco7t, 16： lco5c and 18：2co6, 9 were present in higher concentrations for exotic soil. In conclusion, Solidago canadensis L. invasion could create better soil conditions by improving soil microbial community structure and functional diversity, which in turn was more conducive to the growth ofSolidago canadensis L.展开更多
The relationship between Solidago canadensis L. invasion and soil microbial communities was studied across the invasive gradients varying from 0 to 40, 80, and 100% coverage of S. canadensis. The results showed both s...The relationship between Solidago canadensis L. invasion and soil microbial communities was studied across the invasive gradients varying from 0 to 40, 80, and 100% coverage of S. canadensis. The results showed both soil microbial biomass C （Cmic） and N （Nmic） increased as the coverage of S. canadensis increased. Soil microbial quotient Cmic/Corg （microbial biomass C/organic C） tended to increase linearly with the coverage of S. canadensis. Soil basal respiration （BR） also showed a similar trend. The soil respiratory quotient qCO2 decreased with S. canadensis invasion, and remained at quite a constantly low level in the invasive soils. Sole carbon source utilization profiles analyses indicated that S. canadensis invasion tended to result in higher microbial functional diversity in the soil. Average utilization of specific substrate guilds was highest in the soil with S. canadensis monoculture. Principle component analysis of sole carbon source utilization profiles further indicated that microbial functional diversity in the soil with S. canadensis monoculture was distinctly separated from those soils in the native area and the ecotones. In conclusion, S. canadensis invasion improved soil microbial biomass, respiration and utilization of carbon sources, and decreased qCO2, thus created better soil conditions, which in turn were more conducive to the growth of S. canadensis.展开更多
The activated carbon(AC)was prepared from Solidago Canadensis(SC),an alien invasive plant.The plant was firstly carbonized under nitrogen at 400 ℃ for 90 min in an electrical furnace,and then the carbonized product w...The activated carbon(AC)was prepared from Solidago Canadensis(SC),an alien invasive plant.The plant was firstly carbonized under nitrogen at 400 ℃ for 90 min in an electrical furnace,and then the carbonized product was activated with KOH through microwave radiation.Effects of KOH/C ratio,microwave power,microwave radiation time on the adsorption capacities and yield of AC were evaluated.It indicated that the optimum conditions were KOH/C ratio 2 g/g,microwave power 700 W,and microwave radiation time 6 min.The carbonation process of SC was analyzed by thermogravimetry(TG).The pore structural parameters and surface functional groups of the AC were characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption and Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR),respectively.The activation yield,the surface area,the average pore size,and the average micropore size of AC prepared from optimum conditions were 53.75%,1 888 m2/g,0.567 nm,and 0.488 nm,respectively.The adsorption amounts of AC were 302.4 mg/g for methylene blue and 1 470.27 mg/g for iodine.展开更多
Canadian goldenrod(Solidago canadensis L.)is a rhizomatous plant of the Asteraceae family.In folk medicine,Solidago galenic remedies are used for diseases of the kidneys,urinary tract,liver,etc.Externally,goldenrod is...Canadian goldenrod(Solidago canadensis L.)is a rhizomatous plant of the Asteraceae family.In folk medicine,Solidago galenic remedies are used for diseases of the kidneys,urinary tract,liver,etc.Externally,goldenrod is used to treat purulent wounds,furunculosis,and gum abscesses as washes and compresses.The aims of this research were to study the yield and chemical composition of essential oil(EO),the anti-inflammatory activity of S.canadensis dry extracts based on its decoction and tincture.In EO(2.8 mL/kg)of S.canadensis were identified and quantified 34 compounds.The principal compounds of the EO from flowering tops of S.canadensis wereα-pinene(20.36%),β-copaene(16.16%),bornyl acetate(10.45%),D-limonene(8.21%),andβ-elemene(6.80%).In the S.canadensis dry extracts were identified and quantified 20 phenolics(10 flavonoids,8 hydroxycinnamic acids and 2 phenolic acids)and 14 amino acids,7 of which are essential.The dominant hydroxycinnamic acids were neochlorogenic and chlorogenic acids,and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic,3,5-dicafeylquinic and 3,4-dicafeylquinic acids.The main flavonoids were rutin and isoquercitrin.The main amino acids(more than 1 mg/g)were proline,histidine,serine,alanine,aspartic acid,lysine and glutamic acid.The extracts of S.canadensis were characterized as practically non-toxic substances(toxicity class V).The extracts act on the exudative phase of inflammation.The antiexudative effect of the dry aqueous-alcohol S.canadensis extract was 23.59%,and for the aqueous one-19.26%.The dry aqueous-alcohol S.canadensis extract showed promising anti-inflammatory activity.展开更多
Plant roots have been recognized to be modu- lar, and a third order root cluster has been proposed to be the basic root module unit based upon the life cycle. This experiment examines root modularity of the nutrient-u...Plant roots have been recognized to be modu- lar, and a third order root cluster has been proposed to be the basic root module unit based upon the life cycle. This experiment examines root modularity of the nutrient-up- take function using stable isotope 15N. Solidago canadensis root clusters of second or third orders--from the same third or fourth order roots, respectively--were treated with 15NH15NO3, NH4NO3, and de-ionized water for 15 and 180 min. The δ15N values of the root clusters were then analyzed and compared. The 15N values of 15N-treated root clusters of both second and third orders were hundreds of times higher than that of the 15N untreated root clusters. However, the differences of the δ15N values among 15N untreated root clusters （though expressed some significant variations）, did not indicate the 15N shared by the sister root clusters came from a common higher-order root. These results demonstrated functional modularity of root nutrient uptake, revealed a second order root, perhaps even a first order root to be a base module unit in terms of root nutrient uptake. The results also suggested that the concept of root modularity is function-specific. This experiment further revealed the importance of treatment timing in stabilizing the internal 15N/14N ratio in roots and avoiding top-down transportation of 15N back into roots to secure unbiased measurements.展开更多
In this work,the viability of Solidago Canadensis L. for cellulose acetate membrane production was tested. The cellulose was extracted from Solidago Canadensis L. stem by organic solvents,and the cellulose diacetate w...In this work,the viability of Solidago Canadensis L. for cellulose acetate membrane production was tested. The cellulose was extracted from Solidago Canadensis L. stem by organic solvents,and the cellulose diacetate was obtained by acetylization of cellulose. The properties of the intermediate products of cellulose pulp and cellulose diacetate were characterized by FT-IR and XRD. Compared with commercial cellulose diacetate,the properties of cellulose diacetate were similar to those of the commercial cellulose diacetate. The cellulose acetate membrane with desirable pure water flux and rejection rate was obtained from cellulose diacetate by solution casting. The membrane showed favorable hydrophilic property so that it had good anti-pollution performance. The maximum pure water flux of the membrane was 27. 21 m L /( cm2· h) and the maximum rejection rate was 80. 39%. The results demonstrated that the membrane obtained from herbaceous plant: Solidago Canadensis L. had good performance of ultrafiltration.展开更多
The aim of the study is the development and standardization of granules in hard gelatin capsules based on the composition of dry extracts of Bidens tripartita L.,Solidago canadensis L.and Agrimonia eupatoria L.Herbs,p...The aim of the study is the development and standardization of granules in hard gelatin capsules based on the composition of dry extracts of Bidens tripartita L.,Solidago canadensis L.and Agrimonia eupatoria L.Herbs,possessing nephroprotective activity and antifibrotics in toxic nephropathies.Developed the structure and defined the quality indicators of the pellets with dry extracts of Bidens tripartita L.,Solidago canadensis L.and Agrimonia eupatoria L.herbs.The quality specification for the drug-granules of the composition of dry extracts in solid gelatin capsules is developed.展开更多
Nowadays,biochar is well recognized for its multiple promising effects on the soil quality and plant health.However,there are limited studies on the utilization of invasive plants for biochar production.In the present...Nowadays,biochar is well recognized for its multiple promising effects on the soil quality and plant health.However,there are limited studies on the utilization of invasive plants for biochar production.In the present study,silicon(Si)-modified biochar was synthesized from Solidago canadensis L.,an invasive alien plant in southern China,at different pyrolysis temperatures(450,550,and 650℃).The role of biochar in controlling bacterial wilt,improving soil quality and plant health was assessed.The results revealed that Si-modified biochar had higher wilt suppressive effects than unmodified biochar.Si-modified biochar synthesized at 450℃was found to be the most effective in reducing the abundance of R.solanacearum in soil(66.0%)and the incidence rate of bacterial wilt(59.1%).The Si-modified biochar increased soil available Si(58.2%–147.8%),C/N ratio(85.8–105.0%),and cation exchange capacity(19.7–54.5%).Additionally,it also enhanced the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the soil,such as Bacillus(341.7%),Streptomyces(222.0%),Gaiellales(255.4%),and Gaiella(133.3%).These findings suggest that Si-modified biochar derived from the invasive plant Solidago canadensis L.holds promise as a soil additive for disease control.展开更多
Aims change in nitrogen(N)availability regulates phosphorus(P)acquisition and potentially alters the competition among native species and invasive weeds.this study determines how current and pro-jected N deposition af...Aims change in nitrogen(N)availability regulates phosphorus(P)acquisition and potentially alters the competition among native species and invasive weeds.this study determines how current and pro-jected N deposition affect the growth,the intraspecific and interspe-cific competitive ability of native and invasive plants in calcareous soils with low P availability.Methods A controlled greenhouse experiment was conducted using spar-ingly soluble hydroxyapatite(HAP)to simulate the calcareous soils with low P availability.the growth and competitive intensity be-tween an invasive weed(Solidago canadensis)and a native weed(Pterocypsela laciniata)exposed to two levels of N addition repre-sentative of current and future N deposition in china were experi-mentally determined.Important Findings P acquisition and the growth of both S.canadensis and P.laciniata growing alone significantly increased with increasing N level.However,the effect of N addition was reduced when intraspecific or interspecific competition existed.N addition altered the com-petitive relationship between S.canadensis and P.laciniata allowing S.canadensis to out-compete P.laciniata due to variation in P ac-quisition from HAP.Elevated N deposition might assist the invasion of S.canadensis in the widely distributed calcareous soils under environmental changes.展开更多
There is an increasing likelihood that invasive plants are again exposed to their co-evolved specialist herbivores in the non-native range.However,whether there is a latitudinal pattern associated with the resistance ...There is an increasing likelihood that invasive plants are again exposed to their co-evolved specialist herbivores in the non-native range.However,whether there is a latitudinal pattern associated with the resistance of an invasive plant to its co-evolved herbivores and how soil microbes affect resistance has been little explored.We hypothesized that the resistance of invasive Solidago canadensis to its co-evolved insect herbivore Corythucha marmorata could increase with latitude,and that local rhizosphere microbes could facilitate invasive plants to become resistant to their co-evolved herbivores.We conducted a field survey and a greenhouse experiment to examine whether there was a latitudinal pattern in the abundance of C.marmorata and in the damage it caused to S.canadensis in China.We tested whether local rhizosphere microbes of invasive plants can promote the resistance of S.canadensis to C.marmorata herbivory.In the field survey,both density of C.marmorata and damage level of S.canadensis were positively correlated with latitude,and with S.canadensis plant growth,indicating a latitudinal pattern in the resistance of S.canadensis to C.marmorata.However,in the greenhouse experiment,S.canadensis from different latitudes did not suffer significantly from different levels of damage from C.marmorata.Additionally,the damage level of S.canadensis was lower when rhizosphere soil and rhizomes originated from field S.canadensis with same damage level than with different damage levels.This result indicates that local rhizosphere soil microbes promote the adaptation of S.canadensis to resistance of C.marmorata.展开更多
Background:Invasive species can threaten native diversity and alter ecosystem processes while interacting with other components of global environmental change.Invasive plants are becoming increasingly problematic and ...Background:Invasive species can threaten native diversity and alter ecosystem processes while interacting with other components of global environmental change.Invasive plants are becoming increasingly problematic and this can be stimulated by changes in the environment.However,existing studies have primarily investigated the effects of environmental change on a specific stage of plant invasion rather than the continuous invasion process.Methods:A space-for-time substitution experiment was performed to investigate how warming and nitrogen deposition affects the invasion process of a plant.Specifically,different ratios of invasive Solidago canadensis L.to native Artemisia argyi Levl.et Van were employed as a proxy to represent successive levels of invasion.A total of seven treatments were applied in the experiment:ambient(CK),N addition(+5,+12 g m^(−2)year^(−1)),warming(+1.15,+1.86℃)and their interaction(5 g N m^(−2)year^(−1)+1.15℃,12 g N m^(−2)year^(−1)+1.86℃).The growth performance and competitiveness of S.canadensis were investigated.Results:The competitiveness of Solidago canadensis decreased linearly with its invasion degree(p<0.05).Non-linear regression showed that S.canadensis invasion levels of 53%,53%,68%,55%and 58%were the critical thresholds for shifting the direction or magnitude of chlorophyll,leaf nitrogen,leaf shape index,diameter,and root/shoot ratio,respectively.Compared with the ambient treatment(CK,no warming and no N addition),the diameter,height,bio-mass and relative competitiveness of S.canadensis were each limited by warming,to a certain extent,whereas these and the above parameters were significantly increased by nitrogen deposition.The interaction of increased temperature and nitrogen deposition led to significant increases in the growth and competitiveness of S.canadensis,and this effect was detected in every stage of the invasion,throughout the invasion process.Conclusions:Environmental change might have a continuous,progressive,and augmentative effect on the phenotypic traits of S.canadensis.This study provides fairly robust evidence that environmental change promotes the invasion process of S.canadensis in general,not simply in specific stages.In the future,rather than focusing on specific stages,experimental studies should consider examining invasion on a broader scale.展开更多
Solidago canadensis,a perennial Compositae plant originating from North America,was introduced into China as a horticultural plant in 1935.Under natural condi-tions,S.canadensis allocates large amounts of energy to se...Solidago canadensis,a perennial Compositae plant originating from North America,was introduced into China as a horticultural plant in 1935.Under natural condi-tions,S.canadensis allocates large amounts of energy to sexual reproduction and produces many seeds,which reflects an r-strategy with high seed number and small seed size.In addition,naturalized populations have a great capacity to grow clonally with underground stems.S.canadensis has become an invasive weed in eastern China,and has caused serious damages to agricultural production and ecosystems in several provinces in China.In order to understand the reproductive characteristics of S.canadensis and effectively control its spread,we examined soil conditions,seed charac-teristics,seed germination and the capacity for asexual reproduction in different plant parts.We investigated the population dispersion of S.canadensis in fixed sites for three years,and analyzed the seasonal dynamics of the morphological parameters of the underground parts and the caloric values of different organs of S.canadensis.We also compared differences in the root systems of S.canadensis and composite exotic weeds.The following results were obtained:1)Under natural conditions,the germination season of S.canadensis lasts from March to October,with a peak from April to May.Vegetative growth and asexual reproduction are especially vigorous during summer due to high temperatures and soil drought stress.On the other hand,the rainy season proves suitable for seed germination.Most S.canadensis flower between September and January,and fruit in late October.A mature plant can produce about 20000 seeds.The mean weight of 1000 seeds ranges from 0.045 g to 0.050 g,and the mean seed moisture content ranges from 60%to 80%.The light-winged seeds disperse readily by air,water,vehicles,human activity or through livestock.2)S.canadensis seeds have a wide tolerance for different values of pH,salinity and soil moisture.The mean percent germination of seeds is 30%under suitable conditions.The results of seed germination under various environmental stresses and investigation of soil conditions indicate that well-aerated,slightly acidic soils with low salinity are suitable for the growth of S.canadensis.Additionally,S.canadensis has a high tolerance for contamination by heavy metal elements including Zn,Cu and Pb,but has low accumulation coefficients for these elements.3)S.canadensis reproduces asexually via underground rhizomes and nodes on the stem base to recruit new individuals,and in plants that experience mechanical damage,this repro-ductive strategy is used to produce clonal shoots.The capacity for asexual reproduction among different plant parts rank as follows:underground parts>stem-base(20 cm)>stem-base(30 cm)>stem-base(45 cm)>stem.Further,with increasing mechanical damage,the quantity of shoots produced by the plant decreases.4)The morphological parameters of the root system of S.canadensis including length,surface area,volume,and average diameter are greater than for composite exotic weeds.These parameters indicate that S.canadensis has the physiological potential to widely invade China.5)The aboveground growth rate and most of the underground morphological parameters vary remarkably among the seasons,with a peak normally occurring in September.In August,a fraction of the energy in leaves and stems is allocated underground to increase fine root growth and water uptake during hot weather.Additionally,the seasonal dynamics of the underground morphological parameters and the caloric values of different organs of S.canadensis enhance its reproductive ability.Based on the results above,we conclude that S.canadensis has great invasive potential in China.We suggest that urgent measures should be taken to control its further spread,and to minimize its impact on local plant diversity.展开更多
Allelopathy plays an important role in the interaction between invasive and resident plants.Atmospheric nitrogen(N)deposition has become a global problem,but it is unclear whether N enrichment affects the interaction ...Allelopathy plays an important role in the interaction between invasive and resident plants.Atmospheric nitrogen(N)deposition has become a global problem,but it is unclear whether N enrichment affects the interaction between invasive and resident plants by affecting their allelopathy.Thus,we performed a greenhouse experiment in which the resident plant community was grown under two levels of invasion by S.canadensis(invasion vs.no invasion)and fully crossed with two levels of allelopathy(with or without adding activated carbon)and two levels of N addition(with or without).The resident plant communities were constructed with eight herbaceous species that often co-occur with S.canadensis.The results showed that both allelopathy of S.canadensis and the resident plants had obvious positive effects on their own growth.Nitrogen addition had more obvious positive effects on the resident plants under invasion than those that were not invaded.Moreover,N addition also altered the allelopathy of resident plants.Specifcally,N addition improved the allelopathy of resident plants when they were invaded but decreased the allelopathy of resident plants when they grew alone.Although nitrogen addition had no obvious effect on S.canadensis,it reduced the allelopathy of S.canadensis.These results suggest that N addition could improve the resistance of resident plants to invasion by improving the allelopathy of resident plants and reducing the allelopathy of S.canadensis.These fndings provide a scientifc basis to manage and control the S.canadensis invasion.展开更多
Aims Invasive plants may alter soil fungal communities in a way that improves their growth.Nitrogen(N)content of soil affects the symbiosis between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF),further determining plan...Aims Invasive plants may alter soil fungal communities in a way that improves their growth.Nitrogen(N)content of soil affects the symbiosis between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF),further determining plant growth.Yet,it is unclear whether altered AMF communities change the dependence of invasive and native species on N-form,and whether N forms alter the invasive plant–AMF interaction(PSIM).Methods Two synthetic plant communities,including four Solidago canadensis individuals and four native plant species,were inoculated with AMF spores from S.canadensis-invaded soils and adjacent non-invaded soils,and were provided with nitrate,ammonia or glutamate.After their growth,the performance of the two plant communities in treatments of AMF origin and N forms,and the pathways of the N forms affecting S.canadensis growth and PSIM were evaluated.Important Findings Solidago canadensis had no obvious N-form dependence in any of the AMF inoculations.Native plant species showed weak N-form dependence,but invasive AMF could remove their N-form dependence.In the absence of N,AMF did not affect growth of S.canadensis and the native plants.In contrast,with N addition,invasive AMF significantly increased belowground and total biomass of the invasive plants but not those of the native plants.Positive PSIM of S.canadensis was also evidently greater than that of native plant species and was realized through directly or indirectly regulating phenotypic traits including plant height,leaf number and number of rhizomes.Our findings emphasize the importance of plant–AMF interactions and a unique N-acquisition strategy during plant invasions.展开更多
Understanding the impacts of co-invasion of multiple invaders on soil bacterial communities is significant in understanding the mechanisms driving successful invasion.This study aimed to determine the response of soil...Understanding the impacts of co-invasion of multiple invaders on soil bacterial communities is significant in understanding the mechanisms driving successful invasion.This study aimed to determine the response of soil bacterial communities to co-invasion of two invaders daisy fleabane(Erigeron annuus)and Canada goldenrod(Solidago canadensis).Daisy fleabane and/or Canada goldenrod invasion significantly enhanced the operational taxonomic unit richness,Shannon index,and Chao1 index of soil bacterial communities.Canada goldenrod under light degree of invasion and co-invasion of daisy fleabane and Canada goldenrod regardless of invasion degree signally improved the ACE index of soil bacterial communities.Thus,the two invaders can enhance soil bacterial diversity and richness to facilitating subsequent invasion due to the fact that higher soil bacterial diversity and richness can enhance the levels of soil function and nutrients acquisition of plant species.ACE index of soil bacterial communities subjected to co-invasion of daisy fleabane and Canada goldenrod regardless of invasion degree was greater than that under the independent invasion of either daisy fleabane or Canada goldenrod.Hence,co-invasion of the two invaders can impose synergistic impacts on soil bacterial richness,which may build a preferable soil micro-environment via the intensified soil bacterial communities,which is contributive to their following invasion.展开更多
Aims Projections of invasive species expansion under a warmer world often do not explicitly consider the concurring nitrogen(N)deposition.It remains largely unknown how the convoluted effect of climate warming and N d...Aims Projections of invasive species expansion under a warmer world often do not explicitly consider the concurring nitrogen(N)deposition.It remains largely unknown how the convoluted effect of climate warming and N deposition will shift the native and invasive species dynamics.Here,we hypothesize that the concurring in creases in N and temperature would promote growth of invasive species greater than that of native species.Methods A controlled greenhouse experiment was conducted to quantify the growth response of an invasive species(Solidago canadensis L.)and a co-existing native species(Artemisia argyi Levi,et Van)under the effects of climate warming,N deposition and their interactions.Important Findings Due to the strong positive effect of N addition,the interactive effect of temperature increase and N addition resulted in an overall significant increase in growth of both in vasive and native species,demonstrating that these manipulations may make microhabitats more favorable to plant growth.However,the relative increases in biomass,height and diameter of invasive S.canadensis were signifiesntly lower than those of native A.argyi.This suggests that the vegetative growth superiority of invasive S.canadensis over the native species A.argyi is reduced by the enhanced N availability in the warmer world.Therefore,the inclusion of N deposition may mitigate the projection of invasive species S.canadensis expansion under climate warming.展开更多
Invasive alien plants not only decrease riparian vegetation diversity but also alter wetland ecosystem carbon processes,especially when they displace the original vegetation.Invasive Canada goldenrod(Solidago canadens...Invasive alien plants not only decrease riparian vegetation diversity but also alter wetland ecosystem carbon processes,especially when they displace the original vegetation.Invasive Canada goldenrod(Solidago canadensis L.)has colonized large areas of disturbed and undisturbed land in southeastern China,yet little is known regarding how it affects soil carbon cycling.To explore the response patterns of soil respiration following S.canadensis invasion and their driving mechanisms,an observational field study and a greenhouse experiment simulating invasion were performed.In the field study,soil respiration was measured weekly from 21th July 2018 to 15th December 2018.In the greenhouse experiment,soil,autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration were measured every 1st and 15th of the month from 15th July 2019 to 15th December 2019.Soil,autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration were measured using a closed-chamber system with the deep gauze collar root exclusion method.Solidago canadensis invasion appeared to decrease the total soil CO_(2) emissions in both the field study and the greenhouse experiment.The suppressive effects on soil respiration may be attributed to S.canadensis invasion-induced alterations in the quality and quantity of available soil substrate,suggesting that S.canadensis invasion may impact soil carbon cycling via plant-released substrates and by competing for the soil available substrate with native plant and/or soil microbes.These results have substantial implications for estimations of the effects of invasive plants on belowground carbon dynamics and their contribution to the warming world.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program(973)of China(No.2006CB 100206)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.R505024,Y307418).
文摘It is less known whether and how soil metal lead （Pb） impacts the invasion of exotic plants. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to estimate the effects of lead on the growth and mycorrhizae of an invasive species （Solidago canadensis L.） in a microcosm system. Each microcosm unit was separated into HOST and TEST compartments by a replaceable mesh screen that allowed arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungal hyphae rather than plant roots to grow into the TEST compartments. Three Pb levels （control, 300, and 600 mg/kg soil） were used in this study to simulate ambient soil and two pollution sites where S. canadensis grows. Mycorrhizal inoculum comprised five indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species （ Glomus mosseae, Glomus versiform, Glomus diaphanum, Glomus geosporum, and Glomus etunicatum）. The ^15N isotope tracer was used to quantify the mycorrhizally mediated nitrogen acquisition of plants. The results showed that S. canadensis was highly dependent on mycorrhizae. The Pb additions significantly decreased biomass and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization （root length colonized, RLC%） but did not affect spore numbers, N （including total N and ^15N） and P uptake. The facilitating efficiency of mycorrhizae on nutrient acquisition was promoted by Pb treatments. The Pb was mostly sequestered in belowground of plant （root and rhizome）. The results suggest that the high efficiency of mycorrhizae on nutrient uptake might give S. canadensis a great advantage over native species in Pb polluted soils.
基金Project(2009QNA6015) supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of ChinaProject(Y3110055)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,ChinaProject(Y200803219) supported by the Foundation of Zhejiang Educational Committee of China
文摘The relationship between Solidago canadensis L. invasion and soil microbial community diversity including functional and structure diversities was studied across the invasive gradients varying from 0 to 40%, 80%, and 100% coverage of Solidago canadensis L. using sole carbon source utilization profiles analyses, principle component analysis （PCA） and phospholipid fatty acids （PLFA） profiles analyses. The results show the characteristics of soil microbial community functional and structure diversity in invaded soils strongly changed by Solidago canadensis L. invasion. Solidago canadensis L. invasion tended to result in higher substrate richness, and functional diversity. As compared to the native and ecotones, average utilization of specific substrate guilds of soil microbe was the highest in Solidago canadensis L. monoculture. Soil microbial functional diversity in Solidago canadensis L. monoculture was distinctly separated from the native area and the ecotones. Aerobic bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes population significantly increased but anaerobic bacteria decreased in the soil with Solidago canadensis L. monoculture. The ratio of cyl9：0 to 18：1 co7 gradually declined but mono/sat and fung/bact PLFAs increased when Solidago canadensis L. became more dominant. The microbial community composition clearly separated the native soil from the invaded soils by PCA analysis, especially 18： lco7c, 16： lco7t, 16： lco5c and 18：2co6, 9 were present in higher concentrations for exotic soil. In conclusion, Solidago canadensis L. invasion could create better soil conditions by improving soil microbial community structure and functional diversity, which in turn was more conducive to the growth ofSolidago canadensis L.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (2009QNA6015)Foundation of Zhejiang Educational Committee of China (Y200803219)
文摘The relationship between Solidago canadensis L. invasion and soil microbial communities was studied across the invasive gradients varying from 0 to 40, 80, and 100% coverage of S. canadensis. The results showed both soil microbial biomass C （Cmic） and N （Nmic） increased as the coverage of S. canadensis increased. Soil microbial quotient Cmic/Corg （microbial biomass C/organic C） tended to increase linearly with the coverage of S. canadensis. Soil basal respiration （BR） also showed a similar trend. The soil respiratory quotient qCO2 decreased with S. canadensis invasion, and remained at quite a constantly low level in the invasive soils. Sole carbon source utilization profiles analyses indicated that S. canadensis invasion tended to result in higher microbial functional diversity in the soil. Average utilization of specific substrate guilds was highest in the soil with S. canadensis monoculture. Principle component analysis of sole carbon source utilization profiles further indicated that microbial functional diversity in the soil with S. canadensis monoculture was distinctly separated from those soils in the native area and the ecotones. In conclusion, S. canadensis invasion improved soil microbial biomass, respiration and utilization of carbon sources, and decreased qCO2, thus created better soil conditions, which in turn were more conducive to the growth of S. canadensis.
基金Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project,China(No.B604)
文摘The activated carbon(AC)was prepared from Solidago Canadensis(SC),an alien invasive plant.The plant was firstly carbonized under nitrogen at 400 ℃ for 90 min in an electrical furnace,and then the carbonized product was activated with KOH through microwave radiation.Effects of KOH/C ratio,microwave power,microwave radiation time on the adsorption capacities and yield of AC were evaluated.It indicated that the optimum conditions were KOH/C ratio 2 g/g,microwave power 700 W,and microwave radiation time 6 min.The carbonation process of SC was analyzed by thermogravimetry(TG).The pore structural parameters and surface functional groups of the AC were characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption and Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR),respectively.The activation yield,the surface area,the average pore size,and the average micropore size of AC prepared from optimum conditions were 53.75%,1 888 m2/g,0.567 nm,and 0.488 nm,respectively.The adsorption amounts of AC were 302.4 mg/g for methylene blue and 1 470.27 mg/g for iodine.
基金supported by the European Union in the MSCA4Ukraine project“Design and development of 3D-printed medicines for bioactive materials of Ukrainian and Estonian medicinal plants origin”(ID number 1232466).
文摘Canadian goldenrod(Solidago canadensis L.)is a rhizomatous plant of the Asteraceae family.In folk medicine,Solidago galenic remedies are used for diseases of the kidneys,urinary tract,liver,etc.Externally,goldenrod is used to treat purulent wounds,furunculosis,and gum abscesses as washes and compresses.The aims of this research were to study the yield and chemical composition of essential oil(EO),the anti-inflammatory activity of S.canadensis dry extracts based on its decoction and tincture.In EO(2.8 mL/kg)of S.canadensis were identified and quantified 34 compounds.The principal compounds of the EO from flowering tops of S.canadensis wereα-pinene(20.36%),β-copaene(16.16%),bornyl acetate(10.45%),D-limonene(8.21%),andβ-elemene(6.80%).In the S.canadensis dry extracts were identified and quantified 20 phenolics(10 flavonoids,8 hydroxycinnamic acids and 2 phenolic acids)and 14 amino acids,7 of which are essential.The dominant hydroxycinnamic acids were neochlorogenic and chlorogenic acids,and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic,3,5-dicafeylquinic and 3,4-dicafeylquinic acids.The main flavonoids were rutin and isoquercitrin.The main amino acids(more than 1 mg/g)were proline,histidine,serine,alanine,aspartic acid,lysine and glutamic acid.The extracts of S.canadensis were characterized as practically non-toxic substances(toxicity class V).The extracts act on the exudative phase of inflammation.The antiexudative effect of the dry aqueous-alcohol S.canadensis extract was 23.59%,and for the aqueous one-19.26%.The dry aqueous-alcohol S.canadensis extract showed promising anti-inflammatory activity.
基金financially supported by the National Science Foundation of China(grants 30830024 and 30770330)
文摘Plant roots have been recognized to be modu- lar, and a third order root cluster has been proposed to be the basic root module unit based upon the life cycle. This experiment examines root modularity of the nutrient-up- take function using stable isotope 15N. Solidago canadensis root clusters of second or third orders--from the same third or fourth order roots, respectively--were treated with 15NH15NO3, NH4NO3, and de-ionized water for 15 and 180 min. The δ15N values of the root clusters were then analyzed and compared. The 15N values of 15N-treated root clusters of both second and third orders were hundreds of times higher than that of the 15N untreated root clusters. However, the differences of the δ15N values among 15N untreated root clusters （though expressed some significant variations）, did not indicate the 15N shared by the sister root clusters came from a common higher-order root. These results demonstrated functional modularity of root nutrient uptake, revealed a second order root, perhaps even a first order root to be a base module unit in terms of root nutrient uptake. The results also suggested that the concept of root modularity is function-specific. This experiment further revealed the importance of treatment timing in stabilizing the internal 15N/14N ratio in roots and avoiding top-down transportation of 15N back into roots to secure unbiased measurements.
文摘In this work,the viability of Solidago Canadensis L. for cellulose acetate membrane production was tested. The cellulose was extracted from Solidago Canadensis L. stem by organic solvents,and the cellulose diacetate was obtained by acetylization of cellulose. The properties of the intermediate products of cellulose pulp and cellulose diacetate were characterized by FT-IR and XRD. Compared with commercial cellulose diacetate,the properties of cellulose diacetate were similar to those of the commercial cellulose diacetate. The cellulose acetate membrane with desirable pure water flux and rejection rate was obtained from cellulose diacetate by solution casting. The membrane showed favorable hydrophilic property so that it had good anti-pollution performance. The maximum pure water flux of the membrane was 27. 21 m L /( cm2· h) and the maximum rejection rate was 80. 39%. The results demonstrated that the membrane obtained from herbaceous plant: Solidago Canadensis L. had good performance of ultrafiltration.
文摘The aim of the study is the development and standardization of granules in hard gelatin capsules based on the composition of dry extracts of Bidens tripartita L.,Solidago canadensis L.and Agrimonia eupatoria L.Herbs,possessing nephroprotective activity and antifibrotics in toxic nephropathies.Developed the structure and defined the quality indicators of the pellets with dry extracts of Bidens tripartita L.,Solidago canadensis L.and Agrimonia eupatoria L.herbs.The quality specification for the drug-granules of the composition of dry extracts in solid gelatin capsules is developed.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870420)Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province(2121A0505030057).
文摘Nowadays,biochar is well recognized for its multiple promising effects on the soil quality and plant health.However,there are limited studies on the utilization of invasive plants for biochar production.In the present study,silicon(Si)-modified biochar was synthesized from Solidago canadensis L.,an invasive alien plant in southern China,at different pyrolysis temperatures(450,550,and 650℃).The role of biochar in controlling bacterial wilt,improving soil quality and plant health was assessed.The results revealed that Si-modified biochar had higher wilt suppressive effects than unmodified biochar.Si-modified biochar synthesized at 450℃was found to be the most effective in reducing the abundance of R.solanacearum in soil(66.0%)and the incidence rate of bacterial wilt(59.1%).The Si-modified biochar increased soil available Si(58.2%–147.8%),C/N ratio(85.8–105.0%),and cation exchange capacity(19.7–54.5%).Additionally,it also enhanced the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the soil,such as Bacillus(341.7%),Streptomyces(222.0%),Gaiellales(255.4%),and Gaiella(133.3%).These findings suggest that Si-modified biochar derived from the invasive plant Solidago canadensis L.holds promise as a soil additive for disease control.
基金This work was supported by the State Key Research Development Program of China(2017YFC1200100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31570414,31600326 and 31770446)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu(BK20150503)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2016M590416)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)and the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment.This work was also supported by the State Scholarship Fund of China Scholarship Council(CSC)(201708320242).
文摘Aims change in nitrogen(N)availability regulates phosphorus(P)acquisition and potentially alters the competition among native species and invasive weeds.this study determines how current and pro-jected N deposition affect the growth,the intraspecific and interspe-cific competitive ability of native and invasive plants in calcareous soils with low P availability.Methods A controlled greenhouse experiment was conducted using spar-ingly soluble hydroxyapatite(HAP)to simulate the calcareous soils with low P availability.the growth and competitive intensity be-tween an invasive weed(Solidago canadensis)and a native weed(Pterocypsela laciniata)exposed to two levels of N addition repre-sentative of current and future N deposition in china were experi-mentally determined.Important Findings P acquisition and the growth of both S.canadensis and P.laciniata growing alone significantly increased with increasing N level.However,the effect of N addition was reduced when intraspecific or interspecific competition existed.N addition altered the com-petitive relationship between S.canadensis and P.laciniata allowing S.canadensis to out-compete P.laciniata due to variation in P ac-quisition from HAP.Elevated N deposition might assist the invasion of S.canadensis in the widely distributed calcareous soils under environmental changes.
基金supported by the Ten Thousand Talent Program of Zhejiang Province(2019R52043)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC1201100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31270461).
文摘There is an increasing likelihood that invasive plants are again exposed to their co-evolved specialist herbivores in the non-native range.However,whether there is a latitudinal pattern associated with the resistance of an invasive plant to its co-evolved herbivores and how soil microbes affect resistance has been little explored.We hypothesized that the resistance of invasive Solidago canadensis to its co-evolved insect herbivore Corythucha marmorata could increase with latitude,and that local rhizosphere microbes could facilitate invasive plants to become resistant to their co-evolved herbivores.We conducted a field survey and a greenhouse experiment to examine whether there was a latitudinal pattern in the abundance of C.marmorata and in the damage it caused to S.canadensis in China.We tested whether local rhizosphere microbes of invasive plants can promote the resistance of S.canadensis to C.marmorata herbivory.In the field survey,both density of C.marmorata and damage level of S.canadensis were positively correlated with latitude,and with S.canadensis plant growth,indicating a latitudinal pattern in the resistance of S.canadensis to C.marmorata.However,in the greenhouse experiment,S.canadensis from different latitudes did not suffer significantly from different levels of damage from C.marmorata.Additionally,the damage level of S.canadensis was lower when rhizosphere soil and rhizomes originated from field S.canadensis with same damage level than with different damage levels.This result indicates that local rhizosphere soil microbes promote the adaptation of S.canadensis to resistance of C.marmorata.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071521,32271587,32201297,31770446)the Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality Technology Innovation Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20220030)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20211321)the Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds(2021K384C)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)and the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment。
文摘Background:Invasive species can threaten native diversity and alter ecosystem processes while interacting with other components of global environmental change.Invasive plants are becoming increasingly problematic and this can be stimulated by changes in the environment.However,existing studies have primarily investigated the effects of environmental change on a specific stage of plant invasion rather than the continuous invasion process.Methods:A space-for-time substitution experiment was performed to investigate how warming and nitrogen deposition affects the invasion process of a plant.Specifically,different ratios of invasive Solidago canadensis L.to native Artemisia argyi Levl.et Van were employed as a proxy to represent successive levels of invasion.A total of seven treatments were applied in the experiment:ambient(CK),N addition(+5,+12 g m^(−2)year^(−1)),warming(+1.15,+1.86℃)and their interaction(5 g N m^(−2)year^(−1)+1.15℃,12 g N m^(−2)year^(−1)+1.86℃).The growth performance and competitiveness of S.canadensis were investigated.Results:The competitiveness of Solidago canadensis decreased linearly with its invasion degree(p<0.05).Non-linear regression showed that S.canadensis invasion levels of 53%,53%,68%,55%and 58%were the critical thresholds for shifting the direction or magnitude of chlorophyll,leaf nitrogen,leaf shape index,diameter,and root/shoot ratio,respectively.Compared with the ambient treatment(CK,no warming and no N addition),the diameter,height,bio-mass and relative competitiveness of S.canadensis were each limited by warming,to a certain extent,whereas these and the above parameters were significantly increased by nitrogen deposition.The interaction of increased temperature and nitrogen deposition led to significant increases in the growth and competitiveness of S.canadensis,and this effect was detected in every stage of the invasion,throughout the invasion process.Conclusions:Environmental change might have a continuous,progressive,and augmentative effect on the phenotypic traits of S.canadensis.This study provides fairly robust evidence that environmental change promotes the invasion process of S.canadensis in general,not simply in specific stages.In the future,rather than focusing on specific stages,experimental studies should consider examining invasion on a broader scale.
基金This work was supported by the Science and Technology Development Foundation of Shanghai High School(No.04DB17,06ZZ20)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.Y505018).
文摘Solidago canadensis,a perennial Compositae plant originating from North America,was introduced into China as a horticultural plant in 1935.Under natural condi-tions,S.canadensis allocates large amounts of energy to sexual reproduction and produces many seeds,which reflects an r-strategy with high seed number and small seed size.In addition,naturalized populations have a great capacity to grow clonally with underground stems.S.canadensis has become an invasive weed in eastern China,and has caused serious damages to agricultural production and ecosystems in several provinces in China.In order to understand the reproductive characteristics of S.canadensis and effectively control its spread,we examined soil conditions,seed charac-teristics,seed germination and the capacity for asexual reproduction in different plant parts.We investigated the population dispersion of S.canadensis in fixed sites for three years,and analyzed the seasonal dynamics of the morphological parameters of the underground parts and the caloric values of different organs of S.canadensis.We also compared differences in the root systems of S.canadensis and composite exotic weeds.The following results were obtained:1)Under natural conditions,the germination season of S.canadensis lasts from March to October,with a peak from April to May.Vegetative growth and asexual reproduction are especially vigorous during summer due to high temperatures and soil drought stress.On the other hand,the rainy season proves suitable for seed germination.Most S.canadensis flower between September and January,and fruit in late October.A mature plant can produce about 20000 seeds.The mean weight of 1000 seeds ranges from 0.045 g to 0.050 g,and the mean seed moisture content ranges from 60%to 80%.The light-winged seeds disperse readily by air,water,vehicles,human activity or through livestock.2)S.canadensis seeds have a wide tolerance for different values of pH,salinity and soil moisture.The mean percent germination of seeds is 30%under suitable conditions.The results of seed germination under various environmental stresses and investigation of soil conditions indicate that well-aerated,slightly acidic soils with low salinity are suitable for the growth of S.canadensis.Additionally,S.canadensis has a high tolerance for contamination by heavy metal elements including Zn,Cu and Pb,but has low accumulation coefficients for these elements.3)S.canadensis reproduces asexually via underground rhizomes and nodes on the stem base to recruit new individuals,and in plants that experience mechanical damage,this repro-ductive strategy is used to produce clonal shoots.The capacity for asexual reproduction among different plant parts rank as follows:underground parts>stem-base(20 cm)>stem-base(30 cm)>stem-base(45 cm)>stem.Further,with increasing mechanical damage,the quantity of shoots produced by the plant decreases.4)The morphological parameters of the root system of S.canadensis including length,surface area,volume,and average diameter are greater than for composite exotic weeds.These parameters indicate that S.canadensis has the physiological potential to widely invade China.5)The aboveground growth rate and most of the underground morphological parameters vary remarkably among the seasons,with a peak normally occurring in September.In August,a fraction of the energy in leaves and stems is allocated underground to increase fine root growth and water uptake during hot weather.Additionally,the seasonal dynamics of the underground morphological parameters and the caloric values of different organs of S.canadensis enhance its reproductive ability.Based on the results above,we conclude that S.canadensis has great invasive potential in China.We suggest that urgent measures should be taken to control its further spread,and to minimize its impact on local plant diversity.
基金supported by the New Area Science and Technology Innovation Project(2022XACX1000)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(QNTD202304)+4 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2600400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31470475,31761123001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2015ZCQ-BH-01)the China Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment(2017ZX07602-004-003)the Beijing Municipal Education Commission through Innovative Transdisciplinary Program‘Ecological Restoration Engineering’.
文摘Allelopathy plays an important role in the interaction between invasive and resident plants.Atmospheric nitrogen(N)deposition has become a global problem,but it is unclear whether N enrichment affects the interaction between invasive and resident plants by affecting their allelopathy.Thus,we performed a greenhouse experiment in which the resident plant community was grown under two levels of invasion by S.canadensis(invasion vs.no invasion)and fully crossed with two levels of allelopathy(with or without adding activated carbon)and two levels of N addition(with or without).The resident plant communities were constructed with eight herbaceous species that often co-occur with S.canadensis.The results showed that both allelopathy of S.canadensis and the resident plants had obvious positive effects on their own growth.Nitrogen addition had more obvious positive effects on the resident plants under invasion than those that were not invaded.Moreover,N addition also altered the allelopathy of resident plants.Specifcally,N addition improved the allelopathy of resident plants when they were invaded but decreased the allelopathy of resident plants when they grew alone.Although nitrogen addition had no obvious effect on S.canadensis,it reduced the allelopathy of S.canadensis.These results suggest that N addition could improve the resistance of resident plants to invasion by improving the allelopathy of resident plants and reducing the allelopathy of S.canadensis.These fndings provide a scientifc basis to manage and control the S.canadensis invasion.
基金This work was financially supported for the design of the study,the data collection,analysis and interpretation,and writing the manuscript by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31700476)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY20C030003,LY19C030002).
文摘Aims Invasive plants may alter soil fungal communities in a way that improves their growth.Nitrogen(N)content of soil affects the symbiosis between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF),further determining plant growth.Yet,it is unclear whether altered AMF communities change the dependence of invasive and native species on N-form,and whether N forms alter the invasive plant–AMF interaction(PSIM).Methods Two synthetic plant communities,including four Solidago canadensis individuals and four native plant species,were inoculated with AMF spores from S.canadensis-invaded soils and adjacent non-invaded soils,and were provided with nitrate,ammonia or glutamate.After their growth,the performance of the two plant communities in treatments of AMF origin and N forms,and the pathways of the N forms affecting S.canadensis growth and PSIM were evaluated.Important Findings Solidago canadensis had no obvious N-form dependence in any of the AMF inoculations.Native plant species showed weak N-form dependence,but invasive AMF could remove their N-form dependence.In the absence of N,AMF did not affect growth of S.canadensis and the native plants.In contrast,with N addition,invasive AMF significantly increased belowground and total biomass of the invasive plants but not those of the native plants.Positive PSIM of S.canadensis was also evidently greater than that of native plant species and was realized through directly or indirectly regulating phenotypic traits including plant height,leaf number and number of rhizomes.Our findings emphasize the importance of plant–AMF interactions and a unique N-acquisition strategy during plant invasions.
基金Project(31300343)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(PCRRF19009)supported by Open Science Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse(Tongji University),ChinaProject supported by Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment,China。
文摘Understanding the impacts of co-invasion of multiple invaders on soil bacterial communities is significant in understanding the mechanisms driving successful invasion.This study aimed to determine the response of soil bacterial communities to co-invasion of two invaders daisy fleabane(Erigeron annuus)and Canada goldenrod(Solidago canadensis).Daisy fleabane and/or Canada goldenrod invasion significantly enhanced the operational taxonomic unit richness,Shannon index,and Chao1 index of soil bacterial communities.Canada goldenrod under light degree of invasion and co-invasion of daisy fleabane and Canada goldenrod regardless of invasion degree signally improved the ACE index of soil bacterial communities.Thus,the two invaders can enhance soil bacterial diversity and richness to facilitating subsequent invasion due to the fact that higher soil bacterial diversity and richness can enhance the levels of soil function and nutrients acquisition of plant species.ACE index of soil bacterial communities subjected to co-invasion of daisy fleabane and Canada goldenrod regardless of invasion degree was greater than that under the independent invasion of either daisy fleabane or Canada goldenrod.Hence,co-invasion of the two invaders can impose synergistic impacts on soil bacterial richness,which may build a preferable soil micro-environment via the intensified soil bacterial communities,which is contributive to their following invasion.
基金supported by the State Key Research Development Program of China(2017YFC1200100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31770446,31600326,31800429,31700342,31800342,31971427,31700108,31570414)+4 种基金Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20170540)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M651720)Jiangsu Province Postdoctoral Science Foundation(1501014B)Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment.
文摘Aims Projections of invasive species expansion under a warmer world often do not explicitly consider the concurring nitrogen(N)deposition.It remains largely unknown how the convoluted effect of climate warming and N deposition will shift the native and invasive species dynamics.Here,we hypothesize that the concurring in creases in N and temperature would promote growth of invasive species greater than that of native species.Methods A controlled greenhouse experiment was conducted to quantify the growth response of an invasive species(Solidago canadensis L.)and a co-existing native species(Artemisia argyi Levi,et Van)under the effects of climate warming,N deposition and their interactions.Important Findings Due to the strong positive effect of N addition,the interactive effect of temperature increase and N addition resulted in an overall significant increase in growth of both in vasive and native species,demonstrating that these manipulations may make microhabitats more favorable to plant growth.However,the relative increases in biomass,height and diameter of invasive S.canadensis were signifiesntly lower than those of native A.argyi.This suggests that the vegetative growth superiority of invasive S.canadensis over the native species A.argyi is reduced by the enhanced N availability in the warmer world.Therefore,the inclusion of N deposition may mitigate the projection of invasive species S.canadensis expansion under climate warming.
基金State Key Research Development Program of China(2017YFC1200100)the NationalNatural Science Foundation of China(31800342,31770446,32071521)+4 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M651720)the Talent Project from the Double Entrepreneurial Plan in Jiangsu Provincethe Jiangsu University Foundationthe Postgraduate Research and Practice InnovationProgram of Jiangsu Province(SJCX19.0568).
文摘Invasive alien plants not only decrease riparian vegetation diversity but also alter wetland ecosystem carbon processes,especially when they displace the original vegetation.Invasive Canada goldenrod(Solidago canadensis L.)has colonized large areas of disturbed and undisturbed land in southeastern China,yet little is known regarding how it affects soil carbon cycling.To explore the response patterns of soil respiration following S.canadensis invasion and their driving mechanisms,an observational field study and a greenhouse experiment simulating invasion were performed.In the field study,soil respiration was measured weekly from 21th July 2018 to 15th December 2018.In the greenhouse experiment,soil,autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration were measured every 1st and 15th of the month from 15th July 2019 to 15th December 2019.Soil,autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration were measured using a closed-chamber system with the deep gauze collar root exclusion method.Solidago canadensis invasion appeared to decrease the total soil CO_(2) emissions in both the field study and the greenhouse experiment.The suppressive effects on soil respiration may be attributed to S.canadensis invasion-induced alterations in the quality and quantity of available soil substrate,suggesting that S.canadensis invasion may impact soil carbon cycling via plant-released substrates and by competing for the soil available substrate with native plant and/or soil microbes.These results have substantial implications for estimations of the effects of invasive plants on belowground carbon dynamics and their contribution to the warming world.
基金supported by Open Science Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology,Ministry of Education(Northeast Forestry University)China(K2020B02)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071521)Key Research and Development Program of Changzhou,China(CJ20200013)。
