The silent communication of non-linguistic signs occurs in human cognition.This can be proved from four points of view:to introduce the definitions of linguistics,non-linguistic signs and meaning;all of them can commu...The silent communication of non-linguistic signs occurs in human cognition.This can be proved from four points of view:to introduce the definitions of linguistics,non-linguistic signs and meaning;all of them can communicate in human cognition through their comparison;the connotations of many kinds of non-linguistic signs in daily life;the position of non-linguistic signs in linguistic fields;from the above the conclusion can be reached.展开更多
Once a train stops in a tunnel section and requires emergency evacuation,the large distance between stations and long walking distances in the underground spaces of suburban railway systems pose potential risks to the...Once a train stops in a tunnel section and requires emergency evacuation,the large distance between stations and long walking distances in the underground spaces of suburban railway systems pose potential risks to the evacuation process on tunnel platforms,especially in complex environments.This study utilized Virtual Reality(VR)technology to construct a virtual experimental platform for tunnel evacuation in suburban railway systems,simulating different combinations of smoke and obstacle conditions.By requiring participants to wear VR glasses and walk on an omnidirectional treadmill for moving,as well as complete psychological questionnaires,the study reveals the influences of No Guiding(NG)signs,Wall-Guided(WG)signs,and Central axis Guidance(CG)signs on the movement abilities and psychological behaviors of participants contrastively.The results show that either smoke conditions or obstacle positions affect the mental stress of participants,and the guidance sign has a positive effect on reducing the mental stress.There is an inverse relationship between mental stress and movement abilities.WG and CG signs respectively lead participants to walk closer to walls and along the central axis,which is conducive to reducing the variation in participants’behavior characteristics when circumventing obstacles on the wall side or track side under smoke conditions,respectively.Additionally,CG signs reduce the speed fluctuations of participants before circumventing obstacles,improving the stability of the distance from the wall and speed under smoke conditions,compared to NG and WG signs.These findings contribute to understanding the evacuation psychological-behavioral-movement characteristics of pedestrians on evacuation platforms in suburban railway tunnels and provide a basis for improving the safety design of evacuation guidance signs.展开更多
Gas hydrate is a kind of icy crystal body formed by water and natural gas in special conditions. The discovery of gas hydrates provides a wide sphere and a new way of thinking for finding clean and effective energy re...Gas hydrate is a kind of icy crystal body formed by water and natural gas in special conditions. The discovery of gas hydrates provides a wide sphere and a new way of thinking for finding clean and effective energy resources to replace increasingly exhausted traditional energy resources. Moreover, in our country there are a wide realm and bright prospect in the exploration of gas hydrate. This paper has summarized the progress on the study of gas hydrate. And based on the former research about gas hydrates, the integrative identification signs of gas hydrates were summarized in the aspects of seismic data, geophysical well logging, sedimentary and rock, geochemistry, topography and morphology. In the end, the author hopes it may provide some useful clues to the exploration of gas hydrate.展开更多
Public signs have the functions of prompting,directing,restricting and compelling people's behaviors in public.Thoughexperts and government have done a lot to improve and regulate tourism public signs translation,...Public signs have the functions of prompting,directing,restricting and compelling people's behaviors in public.Thoughexperts and government have done a lot to improve and regulate tourism public signs translation,there still exist many problems re-flecting in linguistic translation errors,pragmatic translation errors and cultural translation errors.In the light of Skopostheorie,thetranslation purpose justifies the translation process and translation methods according to its purpose and function.So translatorscan flexibly adopt some methods such as literal translation,liberal translation,additional translation,omission and analogy to guidetourism public signs translation.展开更多
More and more foreigners come to China on business or for a tour, which makes the translation of public signs important and necessary. Focused on the public sign in scenic resorts, this article briefly gives a short p...More and more foreigners come to China on business or for a tour, which makes the translation of public signs important and necessary. Focused on the public sign in scenic resorts, this article briefly gives a short presentation for the present study status; and the errors in the translation of signs are set forth from the viewpoint of three rules of Skopostheorie. Some suggestions are proposed to make a further study of public signs with a wide scope of examples.展开更多
This paper summarized the results of domestic and international research on traffic signs, and found that the related research mainly focused on the setting, design and identification of traffic signs. It also pointed...This paper summarized the results of domestic and international research on traffic signs, and found that the related research mainly focused on the setting, design and identification of traffic signs. It also pointed out the weakness and shortcomings of the existing research, and suggested that traffic signrelated research in the future should pay more attention to the humanities such as psychology, tourism science and sociology.展开更多
Public sign is a unique writing style,the article talks about its definition and classification;it also discusses the existing problems,exploring some possible causes in Chinese-English translations.It offers some use...Public sign is a unique writing style,the article talks about its definition and classification;it also discusses the existing problems,exploring some possible causes in Chinese-English translations.It offers some useful suggestions to establish standard translation so as to give people an accurate direction on public signs translation.展开更多
With China’s accession to WTO,public signs are frequently seen in cities.However,there are lots of pragmatic errors and many improper translation,which we can find everywhere.In addition,this situation exerts serious...With China’s accession to WTO,public signs are frequently seen in cities.However,there are lots of pragmatic errors and many improper translation,which we can find everywhere.In addition,this situation exerts serious side effects on our international image in foreign exchange.In order to regulate translation and application of public signs and even with an aim to bring about the realization of globalization,this paper discusses and analyzes some translating strategies and principles from the perspective of cultural differences and pragmatics.展开更多
With the rapid development of economy and close international exchanges, the English translation of public signs is in-creasingly important and cannot be ignored. This paper takes Shaoguan National Forest Park as an e...With the rapid development of economy and close international exchanges, the English translation of public signs is in-creasingly important and cannot be ignored. This paper takes Shaoguan National Forest Park as an example to analyze its publicsigns translation and points out some pragmatic failures from two aspects:pragmatic language failures and social pragmatic failures.Also, the paper puts forward some suggestions based on the translation error analysis.展开更多
This paper reviews the effectiveness of vehicle activated signs. Vehicle activated signs are being reportedly used in recent years to display dynamic information to road users on an individual basis in order to give a...This paper reviews the effectiveness of vehicle activated signs. Vehicle activated signs are being reportedly used in recent years to display dynamic information to road users on an individual basis in order to give a warning or inform about a specific event. Vehicle activated signs are triggered individually by vehicles when a certain criteria is met. An example of such criteria is to trigger a speed limit sign when the driver exceeds a pre-set threshold speed. The preset threshold is usually set to a constant value which is often equal, or relative, to the speed limit on a particular road segment. This review examines in detail the basis for the configuration of the existing sign types in previous studies and explores the relation between the configuration of the sign and their impact on driver behavior and sign efficiency. Most of previous studies show that these signs have significant impact on driver behavior, traffic safety and traffic efficincy. In most cases the signs deployed have yielded reductions in mean speeds, in speed variation and in longer head-ways. However most experiments reported within the area were performed with the signs set to a certain static configuration within applicable conditions. Since some of the aforementioned factors are dynamic in nature, it is felt that the configurations of these signs were thus not carefully considered by previous researchers and there is no clear statement in the previous studies describing the relationship between the trigger value and its consequences under different conditions. Bearing in mind that different designs of vehicle activated signs can give a different impact under certain conditions of road, traffic and weather conditions the current work suggests that variable speed thresholds should be considered instead.展开更多
Objective The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder （ASD） among 18-36 month old children in the Tianjin Municipality of China, and to identify early signs of autistic children a...Objective The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder （ASD） among 18-36 month old children in the Tianjin Municipality of China, and to identify early signs of autistic children and the predictability of each individual symptom. Methods A total of 8 000 children were screened to do a questionnaire based on CHAT modified to include more early signs of autism at the age of 28-36 months. Then the at-risk children were reexamined 1.5 years later and ASD children were identified based on DSM-IV. Early signs of autism were analyzed retrospectively by using discriminant function analysis performed among ASD children, children not followed up and children followed up but failing to meet ASD criteria. Results Three hundred and sixty seven children were screened as being at-risk to ASD, and 22 of them were identified as having ASD in the subsequent diagnosis. The prevalence of ASD was 27.5 per 10 000 in Tianjin of China with a male to female ratio of 4：1. Items addressing social interactions and communications had higher predictability than other items to distinguish autistic children from non-autistic ones. Pretend play, functional play, showing and reading parents＇ facial expressions distinguished autistic children from those not followed up, nevertheless those followed up but failing to meet ASD criteria were not included.Conclusion The prevalence of ASD found in our study was lower than that reported in some studies by western researchers. Autism has its specific symptoms, such as deficits in social awareness, social relatedness, and social referencing.展开更多
The subway is the primary travel tool for urban residents in China. Due to the complex structure of the subway and high personnel density in rush hours, subway evacuation capacity is critical. The subway evacuation mo...The subway is the primary travel tool for urban residents in China. Due to the complex structure of the subway and high personnel density in rush hours, subway evacuation capacity is critical. The subway evacuation model is explored in this work by combining the improved social force model with the view radius using the Vicsek model. The pedestrians are divided into two categories based on different force models. The first category is sensitive pedestrians who have normal responses to emergency signs. The second category is insensitive pedestrians. By simulating different proportions of the insensitive pedestrians, we find that the escape time is directly proportional to the number of insensitive pedestrians and inversely proportional to the view radius. However, when the view radius is large enough, the escape time does not change significantly, and the evacuation of people in a small view radius environment tends to be integrated. With the improvement of view radius conditions, the escape time changes more obviously with the proportion of insensitive pedestrians. A new emergency sign layout is proposed, and the simulations show that the proposed layout can effectively reduce the escape time in a small view radius environment. However, the evacuation effect of the new escape sign layout on the large view radius environment is not apparent. In this case, the exit setting emerges as an additional factor affecting the escape time.展开更多
The content of 12 trace elements in the hair of 20 aplastic anemia patients was determined and compared with that of normal subjects as control. The results showed that patients with deficiency of yin had a significan...The content of 12 trace elements in the hair of 20 aplastic anemia patients was determined and compared with that of normal subjects as control. The results showed that patients with deficiency of yin had a significant decrease in lithium, calcium, strontium, and chromium, those with deficiency of yang had a distinct decrease in zinc magnesium barium, strontium, calcium, and lithium, and those with deficiency of both yin and yang had a general decrease in all the 12 trace elements. Changes in trace element content in hair may serve as a guide to opening up new vistas in the treatment of aplastic anemia on the basis of an overall analysis of symptoms and signs.展开更多
Although there is not one specific sign or symptom related to alcoholic hepatitis(AH),a constellation of symptoms and signs can help make the diagnosis of AH with reasonable accuracy.Documentation of chronic and activ...Although there is not one specific sign or symptom related to alcoholic hepatitis(AH),a constellation of symptoms and signs can help make the diagnosis of AH with reasonable accuracy.Documentation of chronic and active alcohol abuse is paramount in making a diagnosis of AH.Clinical presentation after abstinence for more than 3 m should raise doubts about the diagnosis of AH and dictate the need for considering other causes of liver disease,decompensation of alcoholic cirrhosis,sepsis and malignancy as the cause of patient's clinical profile.展开更多
Objective: To assess the utility and relative strength of markedly abnormal vital signs thresholds (triggers) in prediction of the needs for intensive care unit (ICU) admission from the emergency department (ED). Meth...Objective: To assess the utility and relative strength of markedly abnormal vital signs thresholds (triggers) in prediction of the needs for intensive care unit (ICU) admission from the emergency department (ED). Methods: A retrospective cohort study performed in a 37 000 annual visit, urban, community teaching ED. All adult patient encounters from July 10, 2011 to July 9, 2013 were eligible for inclusion. The primary outcome was ICU admission from the ED. We collected the incidence of trigger vital signs (heart rate>130 bpm, heart rate<40 bpm, respiratory rate>30 breaths per minute, respiratory rate< breaths 8 per minute, oxygen saturation<90%, systolic blood pressure<90 mmHg) as binary variables for each patient enrolled. Univariate and multi-variable logistic regression models were created to determine the ability of the trigger vital signs to predict ICU admission. Results: Total of 68 554 patient encounters were included in the analysis. Of these, 2 355 [3.4%, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 3.3%-3.6%] patients exhibited trigger vital signs, and 1 135 (1.7%, 95% CI 1.6%-1.8%) patients were admitted to ICU. All trigger vital signs were strongly associated with admission to the ICU and demonstrated higher odds of ICU admission with HR<40 (odds ratio 5.2, with 95% CI 2.7-10.1) being the best predictor among the studied covariates. The likelihood of ICU admission increased in a linear fashion with the number of trigger vital signs exhibited. Conclusions: Trigger vital signs serve as predictors that an ED patient may need admission to the ICU and may serve as a tool to expedite disposition of these resource-intensive patients.展开更多
Few-mode and multi-core fibers are proposed and demonstrated for contactless vital signs monitoring in this paper.In-line optical fiber interferometers using few-mode and multi-core fibers are designed and offset spli...Few-mode and multi-core fibers are proposed and demonstrated for contactless vital signs monitoring in this paper.In-line optical fiber interferometers using few-mode and multi-core fibers are designed and offset splicing is utilized for mode excitation.Extinction ratio and insertion loss are analyzed experimentally under different offset distances.The fabricated in-line interferometers are packaged under the mattress to realize contactless vital signs signals collection.By using filtering techniques,both respiration and heartbeat signals can be recovered successfully,and respiration as well as heartbeat ratio are obtained.Mode excitation and interference are theoretically analyzed in few-mode fiber while curvature sensing experiments using multi-core fiber interferometer are performed to verify its excellent performance on vital signs monitoring.The successful demonstration on contactless vital signs monitoring makes few-mode and multi-core fibers promising candidates for healthcare applications.展开更多
In this paper,the spectral estimation algorithm is extended to the detection of human vi-tal signs by mm-wave frequency modulated continuous wave(FMCW)radar,and a comprehensive algorithm based on spectrum refinement a...In this paper,the spectral estimation algorithm is extended to the detection of human vi-tal signs by mm-wave frequency modulated continuous wave(FMCW)radar,and a comprehensive algorithm based on spectrum refinement and the extended differentiate and cross multiply al-gorithm(DCMA)has been proposed.Firstly,the improved DFT algorithm is used to accurately obtain the distance window of human body.Secondly,phase ambiguity in phase extraction is avoided based on extended DCMA algorithm.Then,the spectrum range of refinement is determ-ined according to the peak position of the spectrum,and the respiratory and heartbeat frequency information is obtained by using chirp z-transform(CZT)algorithm to perform local spectrum re-finement.For verification,this paper has simulated the radar echo signal modulated by the simu-lated cardiopulmonary signal according to the proposed algorithm.By recovering the simulated car-diopulmonary signal,the high-precision respiratory and heartbeat frequency have been obtained.The results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively restore human breathing and heart-beat signals,and the relative error of frequency estimation is basically kept below 1.5%.展开更多
After the 26th Universiade,Shenzhen has been striving to build a balanced and harmonious translational eco-environment,and make Public Signs translation play a positive role in the construction of international city i...After the 26th Universiade,Shenzhen has been striving to build a balanced and harmonious translational eco-environment,and make Public Signs translation play a positive role in the construction of international city image.Meanwhile,Shenzhen has formed relative completed systems in beforehand prevention and subsequent punishment in public signs translation.However,there is also a long way to go to perfect the translation eco-environment construction.展开更多
This study evaluates the Dynamic Message Signs (DMSs) use to dissipate incident information on the freeways in Las Vegas, Nevada. It focuses on the DMSs message timing, extent, and content, from the operators’ and dr...This study evaluates the Dynamic Message Signs (DMSs) use to dissipate incident information on the freeways in Las Vegas, Nevada. It focuses on the DMSs message timing, extent, and content, from the operators’ and drivers’ perspectives, considering the variability in drivers’ freeway experience. Two-week incidents data with fifty-nine incidents, DMS log data, and responses from a survey questionnaire were used. The descriptive analysis of the incidents revealed that about 54% of the incidents had their information posted on the DMSs;however, information of only 18.6% of the incidents was posted on time. The posted information covered the incident type (54.2%), location (49.2%), and lane blockage (45.8%), while the expected delay or the time the incident has lasted are rarely posted. Further, the standard DMSs are the most preferred sources of traffic information on the freeway compared to the travel time only DMSs, and the graphical map boards. The logistic regression applied to the survey responses revealed that regular freeway users are less likely to take an alternative route when they run into congestion, given no other </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">information is available. Conversely, when given accurate information</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> through DMSs, regular freeway users are about 2.9 times more likely to detour. Furthermore, regular freeway users perceive that the DMSs show clear information about the incident location. Upon improving the DMSs usage, 73% of respondents suggested that the information be provided earlier, and 54% requested improvements on congestion duration and length information. These findings can be used by the DMSs operators in Nevada and worldwide to improve freeway operations.展开更多
In 1163, Archbishop Gionata, Abbot of the Monastery of San Nicola of Casole in Puglia （Apulia）, commissioned Pantaleone, a learned monk and artist from the monastery, to decorate the pavement of the cathedral of Otr...In 1163, Archbishop Gionata, Abbot of the Monastery of San Nicola of Casole in Puglia （Apulia）, commissioned Pantaleone, a learned monk and artist from the monastery, to decorate the pavement of the cathedral of Otranto with mosaics. This Italian Romanesque cathedral was dedicated to Santa Maria Annunziata or Saint Mary of The Annunciation. In the interior, the floor design in the shape of a tree contains an elaborate biblical program. The encyclopedic narrative of the mosaic symbolically unveils the meaning of the Tree of Life. The ieonography of the pavement＇s program combines biblical and pagan narratives evolving from a natural realm into a heavenly realm. The natural realm begins at the church＇s entrance with the symbolism of the earth-the roots of a tree-expanding through the nave and transept via the tree＇s trunk and its branches, culminating in the apse, at the end of the church, with the foliage oftbe top of the tree. This natural realm meets with the heavenly realm in two ways： at the crossing of the church or at the sacrificial altar, and at the apse of the church. Before reaching the altar or holy area, between the natural realm and the heavenly realm, the zodiac signs with the labors of the months are depicted.展开更多
文摘The silent communication of non-linguistic signs occurs in human cognition.This can be proved from four points of view:to introduce the definitions of linguistics,non-linguistic signs and meaning;all of them can communicate in human cognition through their comparison;the connotations of many kinds of non-linguistic signs in daily life;the position of non-linguistic signs in linguistic fields;from the above the conclusion can be reached.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number 52472322)the Shanghai Sailing Program(Grant Number 21YF1415800)+1 种基金the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Advanced Public Transportation Science(Grant Number 2023-APTS-05)the Shanghai SASAC Enterprise Innovation and Capability Enhancement Project(Grant Number 2022016,2023020).
文摘Once a train stops in a tunnel section and requires emergency evacuation,the large distance between stations and long walking distances in the underground spaces of suburban railway systems pose potential risks to the evacuation process on tunnel platforms,especially in complex environments.This study utilized Virtual Reality(VR)technology to construct a virtual experimental platform for tunnel evacuation in suburban railway systems,simulating different combinations of smoke and obstacle conditions.By requiring participants to wear VR glasses and walk on an omnidirectional treadmill for moving,as well as complete psychological questionnaires,the study reveals the influences of No Guiding(NG)signs,Wall-Guided(WG)signs,and Central axis Guidance(CG)signs on the movement abilities and psychological behaviors of participants contrastively.The results show that either smoke conditions or obstacle positions affect the mental stress of participants,and the guidance sign has a positive effect on reducing the mental stress.There is an inverse relationship between mental stress and movement abilities.WG and CG signs respectively lead participants to walk closer to walls and along the central axis,which is conducive to reducing the variation in participants’behavior characteristics when circumventing obstacles on the wall side or track side under smoke conditions,respectively.Additionally,CG signs reduce the speed fluctuations of participants before circumventing obstacles,improving the stability of the distance from the wall and speed under smoke conditions,compared to NG and WG signs.These findings contribute to understanding the evacuation psychological-behavioral-movement characteristics of pedestrians on evacuation platforms in suburban railway tunnels and provide a basis for improving the safety design of evacuation guidance signs.
文摘Gas hydrate is a kind of icy crystal body formed by water and natural gas in special conditions. The discovery of gas hydrates provides a wide sphere and a new way of thinking for finding clean and effective energy resources to replace increasingly exhausted traditional energy resources. Moreover, in our country there are a wide realm and bright prospect in the exploration of gas hydrate. This paper has summarized the progress on the study of gas hydrate. And based on the former research about gas hydrates, the integrative identification signs of gas hydrates were summarized in the aspects of seismic data, geophysical well logging, sedimentary and rock, geochemistry, topography and morphology. In the end, the author hopes it may provide some useful clues to the exploration of gas hydrate.
文摘Public signs have the functions of prompting,directing,restricting and compelling people's behaviors in public.Thoughexperts and government have done a lot to improve and regulate tourism public signs translation,there still exist many problems re-flecting in linguistic translation errors,pragmatic translation errors and cultural translation errors.In the light of Skopostheorie,thetranslation purpose justifies the translation process and translation methods according to its purpose and function.So translatorscan flexibly adopt some methods such as literal translation,liberal translation,additional translation,omission and analogy to guidetourism public signs translation.
文摘More and more foreigners come to China on business or for a tour, which makes the translation of public signs important and necessary. Focused on the public sign in scenic resorts, this article briefly gives a short presentation for the present study status; and the errors in the translation of signs are set forth from the viewpoint of three rules of Skopostheorie. Some suggestions are proposed to make a further study of public signs with a wide scope of examples.
文摘This paper summarized the results of domestic and international research on traffic signs, and found that the related research mainly focused on the setting, design and identification of traffic signs. It also pointed out the weakness and shortcomings of the existing research, and suggested that traffic signrelated research in the future should pay more attention to the humanities such as psychology, tourism science and sociology.
文摘Public sign is a unique writing style,the article talks about its definition and classification;it also discusses the existing problems,exploring some possible causes in Chinese-English translations.It offers some useful suggestions to establish standard translation so as to give people an accurate direction on public signs translation.
文摘With China’s accession to WTO,public signs are frequently seen in cities.However,there are lots of pragmatic errors and many improper translation,which we can find everywhere.In addition,this situation exerts serious side effects on our international image in foreign exchange.In order to regulate translation and application of public signs and even with an aim to bring about the realization of globalization,this paper discusses and analyzes some translating strategies and principles from the perspective of cultural differences and pragmatics.
文摘With the rapid development of economy and close international exchanges, the English translation of public signs is in-creasingly important and cannot be ignored. This paper takes Shaoguan National Forest Park as an example to analyze its publicsigns translation and points out some pragmatic failures from two aspects:pragmatic language failures and social pragmatic failures.Also, the paper puts forward some suggestions based on the translation error analysis.
文摘This paper reviews the effectiveness of vehicle activated signs. Vehicle activated signs are being reportedly used in recent years to display dynamic information to road users on an individual basis in order to give a warning or inform about a specific event. Vehicle activated signs are triggered individually by vehicles when a certain criteria is met. An example of such criteria is to trigger a speed limit sign when the driver exceeds a pre-set threshold speed. The preset threshold is usually set to a constant value which is often equal, or relative, to the speed limit on a particular road segment. This review examines in detail the basis for the configuration of the existing sign types in previous studies and explores the relation between the configuration of the sign and their impact on driver behavior and sign efficiency. Most of previous studies show that these signs have significant impact on driver behavior, traffic safety and traffic efficincy. In most cases the signs deployed have yielded reductions in mean speeds, in speed variation and in longer head-ways. However most experiments reported within the area were performed with the signs set to a certain static configuration within applicable conditions. Since some of the aforementioned factors are dynamic in nature, it is felt that the configurations of these signs were thus not carefully considered by previous researchers and there is no clear statement in the previous studies describing the relationship between the trigger value and its consequences under different conditions. Bearing in mind that different designs of vehicle activated signs can give a different impact under certain conditions of road, traffic and weather conditions the current work suggests that variable speed thresholds should be considered instead.
基金support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant No.81072313
文摘Objective The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder （ASD） among 18-36 month old children in the Tianjin Municipality of China, and to identify early signs of autistic children and the predictability of each individual symptom. Methods A total of 8 000 children were screened to do a questionnaire based on CHAT modified to include more early signs of autism at the age of 28-36 months. Then the at-risk children were reexamined 1.5 years later and ASD children were identified based on DSM-IV. Early signs of autism were analyzed retrospectively by using discriminant function analysis performed among ASD children, children not followed up and children followed up but failing to meet ASD criteria. Results Three hundred and sixty seven children were screened as being at-risk to ASD, and 22 of them were identified as having ASD in the subsequent diagnosis. The prevalence of ASD was 27.5 per 10 000 in Tianjin of China with a male to female ratio of 4：1. Items addressing social interactions and communications had higher predictability than other items to distinguish autistic children from non-autistic ones. Pretend play, functional play, showing and reading parents＇ facial expressions distinguished autistic children from those not followed up, nevertheless those followed up but failing to meet ASD criteria were not included.Conclusion The prevalence of ASD found in our study was lower than that reported in some studies by western researchers. Autism has its specific symptoms, such as deficits in social awareness, social relatedness, and social referencing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51874183 and 51874182)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFC0809300)。
文摘The subway is the primary travel tool for urban residents in China. Due to the complex structure of the subway and high personnel density in rush hours, subway evacuation capacity is critical. The subway evacuation model is explored in this work by combining the improved social force model with the view radius using the Vicsek model. The pedestrians are divided into two categories based on different force models. The first category is sensitive pedestrians who have normal responses to emergency signs. The second category is insensitive pedestrians. By simulating different proportions of the insensitive pedestrians, we find that the escape time is directly proportional to the number of insensitive pedestrians and inversely proportional to the view radius. However, when the view radius is large enough, the escape time does not change significantly, and the evacuation of people in a small view radius environment tends to be integrated. With the improvement of view radius conditions, the escape time changes more obviously with the proportion of insensitive pedestrians. A new emergency sign layout is proposed, and the simulations show that the proposed layout can effectively reduce the escape time in a small view radius environment. However, the evacuation effect of the new escape sign layout on the large view radius environment is not apparent. In this case, the exit setting emerges as an additional factor affecting the escape time.
文摘The content of 12 trace elements in the hair of 20 aplastic anemia patients was determined and compared with that of normal subjects as control. The results showed that patients with deficiency of yin had a significant decrease in lithium, calcium, strontium, and chromium, those with deficiency of yang had a distinct decrease in zinc magnesium barium, strontium, calcium, and lithium, and those with deficiency of both yin and yang had a general decrease in all the 12 trace elements. Changes in trace element content in hair may serve as a guide to opening up new vistas in the treatment of aplastic anemia on the basis of an overall analysis of symptoms and signs.
文摘Although there is not one specific sign or symptom related to alcoholic hepatitis(AH),a constellation of symptoms and signs can help make the diagnosis of AH with reasonable accuracy.Documentation of chronic and active alcohol abuse is paramount in making a diagnosis of AH.Clinical presentation after abstinence for more than 3 m should raise doubts about the diagnosis of AH and dictate the need for considering other causes of liver disease,decompensation of alcoholic cirrhosis,sepsis and malignancy as the cause of patient's clinical profile.
文摘Objective: To assess the utility and relative strength of markedly abnormal vital signs thresholds (triggers) in prediction of the needs for intensive care unit (ICU) admission from the emergency department (ED). Methods: A retrospective cohort study performed in a 37 000 annual visit, urban, community teaching ED. All adult patient encounters from July 10, 2011 to July 9, 2013 were eligible for inclusion. The primary outcome was ICU admission from the ED. We collected the incidence of trigger vital signs (heart rate>130 bpm, heart rate<40 bpm, respiratory rate>30 breaths per minute, respiratory rate< breaths 8 per minute, oxygen saturation<90%, systolic blood pressure<90 mmHg) as binary variables for each patient enrolled. Univariate and multi-variable logistic regression models were created to determine the ability of the trigger vital signs to predict ICU admission. Results: Total of 68 554 patient encounters were included in the analysis. Of these, 2 355 [3.4%, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 3.3%-3.6%] patients exhibited trigger vital signs, and 1 135 (1.7%, 95% CI 1.6%-1.8%) patients were admitted to ICU. All trigger vital signs were strongly associated with admission to the ICU and demonstrated higher odds of ICU admission with HR<40 (odds ratio 5.2, with 95% CI 2.7-10.1) being the best predictor among the studied covariates. The likelihood of ICU admission increased in a linear fashion with the number of trigger vital signs exhibited. Conclusions: Trigger vital signs serve as predictors that an ED patient may need admission to the ICU and may serve as a tool to expedite disposition of these resource-intensive patients.
基金The Hong Kong Polytechnic University(1-ZVHA and 1-ZVGB)HK GRC GRF(15211317).
文摘Few-mode and multi-core fibers are proposed and demonstrated for contactless vital signs monitoring in this paper.In-line optical fiber interferometers using few-mode and multi-core fibers are designed and offset splicing is utilized for mode excitation.Extinction ratio and insertion loss are analyzed experimentally under different offset distances.The fabricated in-line interferometers are packaged under the mattress to realize contactless vital signs signals collection.By using filtering techniques,both respiration and heartbeat signals can be recovered successfully,and respiration as well as heartbeat ratio are obtained.Mode excitation and interference are theoretically analyzed in few-mode fiber while curvature sensing experiments using multi-core fiber interferometer are performed to verify its excellent performance on vital signs monitoring.The successful demonstration on contactless vital signs monitoring makes few-mode and multi-core fibers promising candidates for healthcare applications.
文摘In this paper,the spectral estimation algorithm is extended to the detection of human vi-tal signs by mm-wave frequency modulated continuous wave(FMCW)radar,and a comprehensive algorithm based on spectrum refinement and the extended differentiate and cross multiply al-gorithm(DCMA)has been proposed.Firstly,the improved DFT algorithm is used to accurately obtain the distance window of human body.Secondly,phase ambiguity in phase extraction is avoided based on extended DCMA algorithm.Then,the spectrum range of refinement is determ-ined according to the peak position of the spectrum,and the respiratory and heartbeat frequency information is obtained by using chirp z-transform(CZT)algorithm to perform local spectrum re-finement.For verification,this paper has simulated the radar echo signal modulated by the simu-lated cardiopulmonary signal according to the proposed algorithm.By recovering the simulated car-diopulmonary signal,the high-precision respiratory and heartbeat frequency have been obtained.The results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively restore human breathing and heart-beat signals,and the relative error of frequency estimation is basically kept below 1.5%.
基金This work is funded by National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No.16AZD055).The project title is:A Study of the Ontology vocabulary of intangible cultural heritage based on Ontology Mapping.
文摘After the 26th Universiade,Shenzhen has been striving to build a balanced and harmonious translational eco-environment,and make Public Signs translation play a positive role in the construction of international city image.Meanwhile,Shenzhen has formed relative completed systems in beforehand prevention and subsequent punishment in public signs translation.However,there is also a long way to go to perfect the translation eco-environment construction.
文摘This study evaluates the Dynamic Message Signs (DMSs) use to dissipate incident information on the freeways in Las Vegas, Nevada. It focuses on the DMSs message timing, extent, and content, from the operators’ and drivers’ perspectives, considering the variability in drivers’ freeway experience. Two-week incidents data with fifty-nine incidents, DMS log data, and responses from a survey questionnaire were used. The descriptive analysis of the incidents revealed that about 54% of the incidents had their information posted on the DMSs;however, information of only 18.6% of the incidents was posted on time. The posted information covered the incident type (54.2%), location (49.2%), and lane blockage (45.8%), while the expected delay or the time the incident has lasted are rarely posted. Further, the standard DMSs are the most preferred sources of traffic information on the freeway compared to the travel time only DMSs, and the graphical map boards. The logistic regression applied to the survey responses revealed that regular freeway users are less likely to take an alternative route when they run into congestion, given no other </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">information is available. Conversely, when given accurate information</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> through DMSs, regular freeway users are about 2.9 times more likely to detour. Furthermore, regular freeway users perceive that the DMSs show clear information about the incident location. Upon improving the DMSs usage, 73% of respondents suggested that the information be provided earlier, and 54% requested improvements on congestion duration and length information. These findings can be used by the DMSs operators in Nevada and worldwide to improve freeway operations.
文摘In 1163, Archbishop Gionata, Abbot of the Monastery of San Nicola of Casole in Puglia （Apulia）, commissioned Pantaleone, a learned monk and artist from the monastery, to decorate the pavement of the cathedral of Otranto with mosaics. This Italian Romanesque cathedral was dedicated to Santa Maria Annunziata or Saint Mary of The Annunciation. In the interior, the floor design in the shape of a tree contains an elaborate biblical program. The encyclopedic narrative of the mosaic symbolically unveils the meaning of the Tree of Life. The ieonography of the pavement＇s program combines biblical and pagan narratives evolving from a natural realm into a heavenly realm. The natural realm begins at the church＇s entrance with the symbolism of the earth-the roots of a tree-expanding through the nave and transept via the tree＇s trunk and its branches, culminating in the apse, at the end of the church, with the foliage oftbe top of the tree. This natural realm meets with the heavenly realm in two ways： at the crossing of the church or at the sacrificial altar, and at the apse of the church. Before reaching the altar or holy area, between the natural realm and the heavenly realm, the zodiac signs with the labors of the months are depicted.
