The status of a language as a lingua franca in the 21st century is not determined by its linguistic merits,or the number of people who speak the language,or a country's language policy,but the combined effect of p...The status of a language as a lingua franca in the 21st century is not determined by its linguistic merits,or the number of people who speak the language,or a country's language policy,but the combined effect of political,economic and cultural forces.English as a future lingua franca has three characteristics:the status of official language in several countries;a priority in countries' foreign-language teaching programme;being widely used all over the world.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of moxa-burning heat stimulating acupoints of Liangmen(ST 21)and Zusanli(ST 36) on the proliferation and apoptosis signaling proteins in rats with stress-induced gastric ulcer.METHODS:...OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of moxa-burning heat stimulating acupoints of Liangmen(ST 21)and Zusanli(ST 36) on the proliferation and apoptosis signaling proteins in rats with stress-induced gastric ulcer.METHODS: Forty rats were randomly divided into four groups: negative control(NC), ulcer control(UC), acupoints of stomach meridian(ASM), and acupoints control(AC). The acute gastric ulcer model was established by bound and water immersion.Rats in NC and UC groups didn't receive any moxa-burning heat stimulating treatment, while rats in ASM and AC groups were treated with buringmoxa heat stimulating the acupoints of Liangmen(ST 21) and Zusanli(ST 36) and their controlled points, respectively. Rats in all groups were sacrificed after 12 consecutive days treatment. The ulcer index was evaluated by using Guth's method.The expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α), apoptotic protease activating facter-1(Apaf-1), Caspase-3, p21 activated kinase 1(PAK1),extracellular regulated protein kinases 2(ERK2),phosphorylated ERK2(p ERK2), phosphoinositide3-kinase(PI3K) and RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase(Akt) in gastric mucosa was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).RESULTS: Compared with UC group, the ulcer index of ASM and AC groups decreased, and the injured gastric mucosa was improved, the expression of TNF-α, Apaf-1 and Caspase-3 in gastric mucosa was significantly reduced(P < 0.05), while the ex-pression of PAK1, ERK2, p ERK2, PI3 K and Akt in gastric mucosa was significantly increased(P < 0.05).And ASM showed better effect than AC group(P <0.05).CONCLUSION: Moxa-burning Heat stimulating of Liangmen(ST 21) and Zusanli(ST 36) could promote the recovery of gastric mucosal lesion probably by inhibiting cell apoptosis and promoting cell proliferation in stress-induced gastric ulcer.展开更多
Land use and land cover change as the core of coupled human-environment systems has become a potential field of land change science （LCS） in the study of global environmental change. Based on remotely sensed data of...Land use and land cover change as the core of coupled human-environment systems has become a potential field of land change science （LCS） in the study of global environmental change. Based on remotely sensed data of land use change with a spatial resolution of 1 km × 1 km on national scale among every 5 years, this paper designed a new dynamic regionalization according to the comprehensive characteristics of land use change including regional differentiation, physical, economic, and macro-policy factors as well. Spatial pattern of land use change and its driving forces were investigated in China in the early 21 st century. To sum up, land use change pattern of this period was characterized by rapid changes in the whole country. Over the agricultural zones, e.g., Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, the southeast coastal areas and Sichuan Basin, a great proportion of fine arable land were engrossed owing to considerable expansion of the built-up and residential areas, resulting in decrease of paddy land area in southern China. The development of oasis agriculture in Northwest China and the reclamation in Northeast China led to a slight increase in arable land area in northern China. Due to the ＂Grain for Green＂ policy, forest area was significantly increased in the middle and western developing regions, where the vegetation coverage was substantially enlarged, likewise. This paper argued the main driving forces as the implementation of the strategy on land use and regional development, such as policies of ＂Western Development＂, ＂Revitalization of Northeast＂, coupled with rapidly economic development during this period.展开更多
TO THE EDITORPeptic ulcer disease is a major health care concern in the society today, in view of personal suffering as well as economical health care costs.
To observe effect of moxibustion at Zusanli （足三里 ST 36） and Liangmen （梁门 ST 21 ） on expression of heat shock protein 70 （HSP70） in gastric mucosa of the rat of stress ulcer （SU） to explore the mechanism o...To observe effect of moxibustion at Zusanli （足三里 ST 36） and Liangmen （梁门 ST 21 ） on expression of heat shock protein 70 （HSP70） in gastric mucosa of the rat of stress ulcer （SU） to explore the mechanism of moxibustion in resisting oxidative injury of the gastric mucosa. Methods： Sixty SD rats were evenly randomized into 4 groups, a blank group, a model group, an acupoint moxibustion group and a non-acupoint moxibustion group. Water restraint stress （WRS） method was used to make stress gastric ulcer rat model. The ulcerative index （Ul） of gastric mucosa was evaluated by using GUTH method, the gastric mu- cosa blood flux （GMBF） was detected by a laser Doppler bloodflow monitor, and HSP70 expression and malondialdehyde （MDA） content in the gastric mucosa were determined respectively with immunohistochemical and thiobarbiturate methods. Results： Moxibustion at Zusanli （ST 36） and Liangmen （ST 21 ） significantly de- creased Ul, up-regulated HSP70 expression, increased GMBF, and decreased MDA content in the gastric mucosa in the rat of stress gastric ulcer, with significant differences as compared with the model group and the non-acupoint moxibustion group （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion： Moxibustion at Zusanli （ST 36） and Liangmen （ST 21 ） can induce high expression of HSP70 and decrease MDA content in the gastric mucosa, so as to resist oxidative injury, with relative acupoint specificity.展开更多
The strategy of 21st Century Maritime Silk Road provides favorable policy environment for deepening the economic cooperation between Guangdong and ASEAN,actively promoting the transformation and upgrading of the marin...The strategy of 21st Century Maritime Silk Road provides favorable policy environment for deepening the economic cooperation between Guangdong and ASEAN,actively promoting the transformation and upgrading of the marine economic structure,and establishing win-win marine economic cooperative development platform. For deepening the marine cooperation with ASEAN,Guangdong has significant advantages in geographical location,humanistic foundation,marine resources and economic strength. Based on interest demands of Guangdong and ASEAN,Guangdong should build the marine economic cooperation mode and mechanism from the overall mechanism and sub-mechanism,establish a three-dimensional marine economic cooperation path with characteristics of Guangdong and ASEAN from top design,to specific cooperation level,then to implementation of supporting facilities,and expand fields of the marine economic cooperation between Guangdong and ASEAN,to promote strategic construction of 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.展开更多
This study aimed to explore university students'perceptions on the importance of core competencies for the 21st century.A crosssectional survey research using a self-report questionnaire involving 48 Likert-type i...This study aimed to explore university students'perceptions on the importance of core competencies for the 21st century.A crosssectional survey research using a self-report questionnaire involving 48 Likert-type items was used to collect data from 869 university students in China who voluntarily participated.Multidimensional analysis with Rasch rating scale model found the data fitted the Rasch model well.The results showed that Chinese university students placed strong importance on the majority of competencies listed in the modified questionnaire of 21st Century Core Competencies for Higher Education,especially in competence groups of Interpersonal Communication and Character and Civic Literacy but less so in those of Creativity and Problem Solving and Global and International Perspective.展开更多
The 21 st Century Maritime Silk Road is an important part of China's new landscape of all-round opening-up,responding to the joint demands of both China and many countries in Southeast Asia,South Asia and Africa.T...The 21 st Century Maritime Silk Road is an important part of China's new landscape of all-round opening-up,responding to the joint demands of both China and many countries in Southeast Asia,South Asia and Africa.This paper examines countries and regions along the 21 st Century Maritime Silk Road and makes an in-depth study of their typical economic conditions,opportunities for cooperation with China,as well as related existing problems.There are opportunities in five areas for China to further cooperate with relevant countries and regions; industrial investment,infrastructure investment,resource development,overseas economic & trade zones and maritime economic development.There are also three outstanding problems; poor coordination among executive agents,insufficient financial support and lack of a sound and complete talent team.This paper offers several suggestions concerning the construction of the 21 st Century Maritime Silk Road to better fit the national conditions and joint demands of China and the countries and regions involved.展开更多
文摘The status of a language as a lingua franca in the 21st century is not determined by its linguistic merits,or the number of people who speak the language,or a country's language policy,but the combined effect of political,economic and cultural forces.English as a future lingua franca has three characteristics:the status of official language in several countries;a priority in countries' foreign-language teaching programme;being widely used all over the world.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China:To Study the Pre-protection Mechanism of Moxibustion Treatment of Acupoints of Stomach Meridian Regulating Egfr Signaling Pathway in Chronic Atrophic Gastritis Precancerous Lesions(No.81260556)National Natural Science Foundation of China:to Study Brain-stomach Response Mechanism of Electro-acupuncture Treatment of Acupoints of Stomach Meridian Repairing Gastric Mucosa Damage Based on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabonomics Technology(No.81473751)+1 种基金the National Key Basic Research Development Plan(973 Plan):the Basic and Clinical Research of Moxibustion and Acupuncture Effect Characteristics and the Similarities and Differences of Their Effect Response(2015cb554502)Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,Ministry of Education of China:to Study the Mechanism of Compatibility of Yiqi And Huoxue Traditional Chinese Herbs Selective Amplifying Regulatory T Cells to Inhibit Atherosclerosis(No.2015-311)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of moxa-burning heat stimulating acupoints of Liangmen(ST 21)and Zusanli(ST 36) on the proliferation and apoptosis signaling proteins in rats with stress-induced gastric ulcer.METHODS: Forty rats were randomly divided into four groups: negative control(NC), ulcer control(UC), acupoints of stomach meridian(ASM), and acupoints control(AC). The acute gastric ulcer model was established by bound and water immersion.Rats in NC and UC groups didn't receive any moxa-burning heat stimulating treatment, while rats in ASM and AC groups were treated with buringmoxa heat stimulating the acupoints of Liangmen(ST 21) and Zusanli(ST 36) and their controlled points, respectively. Rats in all groups were sacrificed after 12 consecutive days treatment. The ulcer index was evaluated by using Guth's method.The expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α), apoptotic protease activating facter-1(Apaf-1), Caspase-3, p21 activated kinase 1(PAK1),extracellular regulated protein kinases 2(ERK2),phosphorylated ERK2(p ERK2), phosphoinositide3-kinase(PI3K) and RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase(Akt) in gastric mucosa was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).RESULTS: Compared with UC group, the ulcer index of ASM and AC groups decreased, and the injured gastric mucosa was improved, the expression of TNF-α, Apaf-1 and Caspase-3 in gastric mucosa was significantly reduced(P < 0.05), while the ex-pression of PAK1, ERK2, p ERK2, PI3 K and Akt in gastric mucosa was significantly increased(P < 0.05).And ASM showed better effect than AC group(P <0.05).CONCLUSION: Moxa-burning Heat stimulating of Liangmen(ST 21) and Zusanli(ST 36) could promote the recovery of gastric mucosal lesion probably by inhibiting cell apoptosis and promoting cell proliferation in stress-induced gastric ulcer.
基金National Basic Research Program of China, No.2009CB421105National Key Technology R&D Program, No.2006BAC08B00Knowledge Innovation Program of the CAS, No.KSCX1-YW-09-01
文摘Land use and land cover change as the core of coupled human-environment systems has become a potential field of land change science （LCS） in the study of global environmental change. Based on remotely sensed data of land use change with a spatial resolution of 1 km × 1 km on national scale among every 5 years, this paper designed a new dynamic regionalization according to the comprehensive characteristics of land use change including regional differentiation, physical, economic, and macro-policy factors as well. Spatial pattern of land use change and its driving forces were investigated in China in the early 21 st century. To sum up, land use change pattern of this period was characterized by rapid changes in the whole country. Over the agricultural zones, e.g., Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, the southeast coastal areas and Sichuan Basin, a great proportion of fine arable land were engrossed owing to considerable expansion of the built-up and residential areas, resulting in decrease of paddy land area in southern China. The development of oasis agriculture in Northwest China and the reclamation in Northeast China led to a slight increase in arable land area in northern China. Due to the ＂Grain for Green＂ policy, forest area was significantly increased in the middle and western developing regions, where the vegetation coverage was substantially enlarged, likewise. This paper argued the main driving forces as the implementation of the strategy on land use and regional development, such as policies of ＂Western Development＂, ＂Revitalization of Northeast＂, coupled with rapidly economic development during this period.
文摘TO THE EDITORPeptic ulcer disease is a major health care concern in the society today, in view of personal suffering as well as economical health care costs.
文摘To observe effect of moxibustion at Zusanli （足三里 ST 36） and Liangmen （梁门 ST 21 ） on expression of heat shock protein 70 （HSP70） in gastric mucosa of the rat of stress ulcer （SU） to explore the mechanism of moxibustion in resisting oxidative injury of the gastric mucosa. Methods： Sixty SD rats were evenly randomized into 4 groups, a blank group, a model group, an acupoint moxibustion group and a non-acupoint moxibustion group. Water restraint stress （WRS） method was used to make stress gastric ulcer rat model. The ulcerative index （Ul） of gastric mucosa was evaluated by using GUTH method, the gastric mu- cosa blood flux （GMBF） was detected by a laser Doppler bloodflow monitor, and HSP70 expression and malondialdehyde （MDA） content in the gastric mucosa were determined respectively with immunohistochemical and thiobarbiturate methods. Results： Moxibustion at Zusanli （ST 36） and Liangmen （ST 21 ） significantly de- creased Ul, up-regulated HSP70 expression, increased GMBF, and decreased MDA content in the gastric mucosa in the rat of stress gastric ulcer, with significant differences as compared with the model group and the non-acupoint moxibustion group （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion： Moxibustion at Zusanli （ST 36） and Liangmen （ST 21 ） can induce high expression of HSP70 and decrease MDA content in the gastric mucosa, so as to resist oxidative injury, with relative acupoint specificity.
基金Sponsored by China Association of Marine Affairs(CAMA),Program No.CAMAJJ201603the Thirteenth Five Year Plan of Guangdong Philosophy and Social Science 2016 Program(GD16XYJ07)+2 种基金Key Program of ASEAN Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University in 2016"Study on Trade of China with Singapore and Laos"and"Study on Trade of China with Thailand and Kampuchea"Project of Enhancing School with Innovation of Guangdong Ocean University(GDOU2017052613)Key Program of the Humanities and Social Science Research Project of Guangdong Ocean University"Study on the Mechanism and Path of Deepening Marine Economic Cooperation between Guangdong and ASEAN"in the Construction of Marine Silk Road in the Twenty-First Century
文摘The strategy of 21st Century Maritime Silk Road provides favorable policy environment for deepening the economic cooperation between Guangdong and ASEAN,actively promoting the transformation and upgrading of the marine economic structure,and establishing win-win marine economic cooperative development platform. For deepening the marine cooperation with ASEAN,Guangdong has significant advantages in geographical location,humanistic foundation,marine resources and economic strength. Based on interest demands of Guangdong and ASEAN,Guangdong should build the marine economic cooperation mode and mechanism from the overall mechanism and sub-mechanism,establish a three-dimensional marine economic cooperation path with characteristics of Guangdong and ASEAN from top design,to specific cooperation level,then to implementation of supporting facilities,and expand fields of the marine economic cooperation between Guangdong and ASEAN,to promote strategic construction of 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.
文摘This study aimed to explore university students'perceptions on the importance of core competencies for the 21st century.A crosssectional survey research using a self-report questionnaire involving 48 Likert-type items was used to collect data from 869 university students in China who voluntarily participated.Multidimensional analysis with Rasch rating scale model found the data fitted the Rasch model well.The results showed that Chinese university students placed strong importance on the majority of competencies listed in the modified questionnaire of 21st Century Core Competencies for Higher Education,especially in competence groups of Interpersonal Communication and Character and Civic Literacy but less so in those of Creativity and Problem Solving and Global and International Perspective.
文摘The 21 st Century Maritime Silk Road is an important part of China's new landscape of all-round opening-up,responding to the joint demands of both China and many countries in Southeast Asia,South Asia and Africa.This paper examines countries and regions along the 21 st Century Maritime Silk Road and makes an in-depth study of their typical economic conditions,opportunities for cooperation with China,as well as related existing problems.There are opportunities in five areas for China to further cooperate with relevant countries and regions; industrial investment,infrastructure investment,resource development,overseas economic & trade zones and maritime economic development.There are also three outstanding problems; poor coordination among executive agents,insufficient financial support and lack of a sound and complete talent team.This paper offers several suggestions concerning the construction of the 21 st Century Maritime Silk Road to better fit the national conditions and joint demands of China and the countries and regions involved.
