BACKGROUND：Amiodarone is a useful antiarrhythmic drug.Phlebitis,caused by intravenous amiodarone,is common in patients in coronary care units（CCUs）.OBJECTIVE：The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of top...BACKGROUND：Amiodarone is a useful antiarrhythmic drug.Phlebitis,caused by intravenous amiodarone,is common in patients in coronary care units（CCUs）.OBJECTIVE：The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of topical chamomile on the incidence of phlebitis due to the administration of an amiodarone infusion into the peripheral vein.DESIGN,SETTING,PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS：This was a randomized,double-blind clinical trial,conducted on 40 patients（n=20 per group）in two groups—an intervention group（chamomile ointment）and a control group（lanoline,as a placebo）,hospitalized in the CCUs and undergoing an amiodarone infusion into the peripheral vein over 24 h.Following the cannulation and commencement of the infusion,placebo or chamomile ointment was rubbed in,up to 10 cm superior to the catheter and repeated every eight hours for three days.The cannula site was then assessed based on the phlebitis checklist.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES：The incidence and time of occurrence of phlebitis,relative risk,severity of phlebitis were the main outcome measures.RESULTS：Nineteen patients（19/20）in the control group had phlebitis on the first day of the study and one patient（20/20）on the second day.In the intervention group,phlebitis occurred in 13 cases（13/20）on the first day and another two（2/7）was found on the second day.The incidence of phlebitis was significantly different between two groups（P=0.023）.The cumulative incidence of phlebitis in the intervention group（15/20）is significantly later and lower than that in the control group（20/20）during two days（P=0.008）.Two patients in the intervention group did not develop phlebitis at all during the 3-day study.Also,the relative risk of phlebitis in the two groups was 0.68（P=0.008 5）.A significant difference was not observed with regard to phlebitis severity in both groups.CONCLUSION：It seems that phlebitis occurred to a lesser extent and at a later time frame in the intervention group compared to control group.Topical chamomile may be effective in decreasing the incidence of phlebitis due to an amiodarone infusion.展开更多
以废打印机壳PC/ABS再生粒子(R-PC/ABS)为基体材料,对苯二酚双(二苯基磷酸脂)(HDP)和梯形倍半硅氧烷(TSQ)为阻燃剂,采用熔融共混制备了无卤阻燃PC/ABS,对其阻燃性能、力学性能、尺寸稳定性和负荷热变形温度(HDT)进行分析,结果发现,TSQ...以废打印机壳PC/ABS再生粒子(R-PC/ABS)为基体材料,对苯二酚双(二苯基磷酸脂)(HDP)和梯形倍半硅氧烷(TSQ)为阻燃剂,采用熔融共混制备了无卤阻燃PC/ABS,对其阻燃性能、力学性能、尺寸稳定性和负荷热变形温度(HDT)进行分析,结果发现,TSQ可以阻燃R-PC/ABS,并且,对力学性能、尺寸稳定性和HDT影响较小,R-PC/ABS/0.8TSQ的LOI为29.8%,阻燃达到3.0 mm V-0和2.0 mm V-1级;HDP可以有效地阻燃R-PC/ABS,但是,对力学性能、尺寸稳定性和HDT的负面影响较大,R-PC/ABS/12HDP的LOI为36.1%,阻燃可达到UL 941.0 mm V-0级,与R-PC/ABS相比,HDT、拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和缺口冲击强度分别降低了20.2℃、26.6%、14.5%、16.9%和60.9%;R-PC/ABS/0.8TSQ/6HDP的LOI为35.7%,阻燃级别达到UL 941.0 mm V-0级,与R-PC/ABS/12HDP相比,模后收缩率(PMS)降低了19.7%,HDT、拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和缺口冲击强度分别提高了13℃、21.0%、11.3%、14.3%和85.9%。展开更多
基金the Vice Chancellor of Research,Qazvin University of Medical Sciences for financial support
文摘BACKGROUND：Amiodarone is a useful antiarrhythmic drug.Phlebitis,caused by intravenous amiodarone,is common in patients in coronary care units（CCUs）.OBJECTIVE：The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of topical chamomile on the incidence of phlebitis due to the administration of an amiodarone infusion into the peripheral vein.DESIGN,SETTING,PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS：This was a randomized,double-blind clinical trial,conducted on 40 patients（n=20 per group）in two groups—an intervention group（chamomile ointment）and a control group（lanoline,as a placebo）,hospitalized in the CCUs and undergoing an amiodarone infusion into the peripheral vein over 24 h.Following the cannulation and commencement of the infusion,placebo or chamomile ointment was rubbed in,up to 10 cm superior to the catheter and repeated every eight hours for three days.The cannula site was then assessed based on the phlebitis checklist.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES：The incidence and time of occurrence of phlebitis,relative risk,severity of phlebitis were the main outcome measures.RESULTS：Nineteen patients（19/20）in the control group had phlebitis on the first day of the study and one patient（20/20）on the second day.In the intervention group,phlebitis occurred in 13 cases（13/20）on the first day and another two（2/7）was found on the second day.The incidence of phlebitis was significantly different between two groups（P=0.023）.The cumulative incidence of phlebitis in the intervention group（15/20）is significantly later and lower than that in the control group（20/20）during two days（P=0.008）.Two patients in the intervention group did not develop phlebitis at all during the 3-day study.Also,the relative risk of phlebitis in the two groups was 0.68（P=0.008 5）.A significant difference was not observed with regard to phlebitis severity in both groups.CONCLUSION：It seems that phlebitis occurred to a lesser extent and at a later time frame in the intervention group compared to control group.Topical chamomile may be effective in decreasing the incidence of phlebitis due to an amiodarone infusion.
文摘以废打印机壳PC/ABS再生粒子(R-PC/ABS)为基体材料,对苯二酚双(二苯基磷酸脂)(HDP)和梯形倍半硅氧烷(TSQ)为阻燃剂,采用熔融共混制备了无卤阻燃PC/ABS,对其阻燃性能、力学性能、尺寸稳定性和负荷热变形温度(HDT)进行分析,结果发现,TSQ可以阻燃R-PC/ABS,并且,对力学性能、尺寸稳定性和HDT影响较小,R-PC/ABS/0.8TSQ的LOI为29.8%,阻燃达到3.0 mm V-0和2.0 mm V-1级;HDP可以有效地阻燃R-PC/ABS,但是,对力学性能、尺寸稳定性和HDT的负面影响较大,R-PC/ABS/12HDP的LOI为36.1%,阻燃可达到UL 941.0 mm V-0级,与R-PC/ABS相比,HDT、拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和缺口冲击强度分别降低了20.2℃、26.6%、14.5%、16.9%和60.9%;R-PC/ABS/0.8TSQ/6HDP的LOI为35.7%,阻燃级别达到UL 941.0 mm V-0级,与R-PC/ABS/12HDP相比,模后收缩率(PMS)降低了19.7%,HDT、拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和缺口冲击强度分别提高了13℃、21.0%、11.3%、14.3%和85.9%。
