BACKGROUND：Amiodarone is a useful antiarrhythmic drug.Phlebitis,caused by intravenous amiodarone,is common in patients in coronary care units（CCUs）.OBJECTIVE：The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of top...BACKGROUND：Amiodarone is a useful antiarrhythmic drug.Phlebitis,caused by intravenous amiodarone,is common in patients in coronary care units（CCUs）.OBJECTIVE：The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of topical chamomile on the incidence of phlebitis due to the administration of an amiodarone infusion into the peripheral vein.DESIGN,SETTING,PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS：This was a randomized,double-blind clinical trial,conducted on 40 patients（n=20 per group）in two groups—an intervention group（chamomile ointment）and a control group（lanoline,as a placebo）,hospitalized in the CCUs and undergoing an amiodarone infusion into the peripheral vein over 24 h.Following the cannulation and commencement of the infusion,placebo or chamomile ointment was rubbed in,up to 10 cm superior to the catheter and repeated every eight hours for three days.The cannula site was then assessed based on the phlebitis checklist.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES：The incidence and time of occurrence of phlebitis,relative risk,severity of phlebitis were the main outcome measures.RESULTS：Nineteen patients（19/20）in the control group had phlebitis on the first day of the study and one patient（20/20）on the second day.In the intervention group,phlebitis occurred in 13 cases（13/20）on the first day and another two（2/7）was found on the second day.The incidence of phlebitis was significantly different between two groups（P=0.023）.The cumulative incidence of phlebitis in the intervention group（15/20）is significantly later and lower than that in the control group（20/20）during two days（P=0.008）.Two patients in the intervention group did not develop phlebitis at all during the 3-day study.Also,the relative risk of phlebitis in the two groups was 0.68（P=0.008 5）.A significant difference was not observed with regard to phlebitis severity in both groups.CONCLUSION：It seems that phlebitis occurred to a lesser extent and at a later time frame in the intervention group compared to control group.Topical chamomile may be effective in decreasing the incidence of phlebitis due to an amiodarone infusion.展开更多
以废打印机壳PC/ABS再生粒子(R-PC/ABS)为基体材料,对苯二酚双(二苯基磷酸脂)(HDP)和梯形倍半硅氧烷(TSQ)为阻燃剂,采用熔融共混制备了无卤阻燃PC/ABS,对其阻燃性能、力学性能、尺寸稳定性和负荷热变形温度(HDT)进行分析,结果发现,TSQ...以废打印机壳PC/ABS再生粒子(R-PC/ABS)为基体材料,对苯二酚双(二苯基磷酸脂)(HDP)和梯形倍半硅氧烷(TSQ)为阻燃剂,采用熔融共混制备了无卤阻燃PC/ABS,对其阻燃性能、力学性能、尺寸稳定性和负荷热变形温度(HDT)进行分析,结果发现,TSQ可以阻燃R-PC/ABS,并且,对力学性能、尺寸稳定性和HDT影响较小,R-PC/ABS/0.8TSQ的LOI为29.8%,阻燃达到3.0 mm V-0和2.0 mm V-1级;HDP可以有效地阻燃R-PC/ABS,但是,对力学性能、尺寸稳定性和HDT的负面影响较大,R-PC/ABS/12HDP的LOI为36.1%,阻燃可达到UL 941.0 mm V-0级,与R-PC/ABS相比,HDT、拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和缺口冲击强度分别降低了20.2℃、26.6%、14.5%、16.9%和60.9%;R-PC/ABS/0.8TSQ/6HDP的LOI为35.7%,阻燃级别达到UL 941.0 mm V-0级,与R-PC/ABS/12HDP相比,模后收缩率(PMS)降低了19.7%,HDT、拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和缺口冲击强度分别提高了13℃、21.0%、11.3%、14.3%和85.9%。展开更多
Objective: This review aims to determine the impact of different drugs and methods on the successful establishment of an animal model for chemical phlebitis (CP). Design: Search the Cochrane Library, ProQuest Academic...Objective: This review aims to determine the impact of different drugs and methods on the successful establishment of an animal model for chemical phlebitis (CP). Design: Search the Cochrane Library, ProQuest Academic Journal Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, Embase, CINAHL complete (EESCO) and other related databases to determine the literature. Screen out articles consistent with this review and summarize them. Results: Since the establishment of the database, a total of 1463 articles have been retrieved. After reading the title, abstract and full text, and excluding non-related and duplicate articles, 22 reports were finally included. Among them, there are 8 articles using different medication methods to compare the effects of establishing a CP model. The included articles explored the effects of different animal models, drug types, and their dose, concentration, speed, and time on the CP model. Conclusion: The factors of dose, concentration and time were positively correlated with the incidence of CP. The effect of speed factors on CP and the results of different animal models are inconsistent. It requires further research in the future.展开更多
Objective: The efficacy of Ji Desheng snake pills combined with hypertonic glucose external application in treating drug-induced superficial phlebitis caused by parenteral nutrition (PN) is observed. Methods: Fifty-tw...Objective: The efficacy of Ji Desheng snake pills combined with hypertonic glucose external application in treating drug-induced superficial phlebitis caused by parenteral nutrition (PN) is observed. Methods: Fifty-two cases of drug-induced superficial phlebitis after peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) were selected, which were randomly divided into experimental group and control group in accordance with the phlebitis grading. In the experimental group, Ji Desheng snake pills were crushed to make a paste with 50% glucose solution, which was then applied to the affected area of phlebitis, the surface was covered with clean gauze, and properly fixed with tape or bandage. The drug was replaced once a day. In the control group, the gauze soaked with 50% magnesium sulfate solution was used, which was applied to the affected part three times a day in wet, and the efficacy was observed respectively on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th days after applying the drug. Results: On the 1st and 3rd days after treatment, the observed effective rate of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group (42.31% vs. 15.38% and 76.92% vs. 46.15%, respectively). The difference was statistically significant (p th and 7th days after treatment, there was no statistical significance with respect to the efficacy between the experimental group and the control group (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The significant efficacy could be found in early stage after drug-induced superficial phlebitis was treated by Ji Desheng snake pills combined with hypertonic glucose external application, which was superior to that of the traditional treatment of wet application by using gauze soaked in 50% magnesium sulfate solution.展开更多
Background Two different interventions are to be tested on patients who have phlebitis caused by Amiodarone therapy. The aim is to prevent or reduce the incidence of phlebitis and observe the effects of both methods. ...Background Two different interventions are to be tested on patients who have phlebitis caused by Amiodarone therapy. The aim is to prevent or reduce the incidence of phlebitis and observe the effects of both methods. Methods A total of 101 patients are divided into observation and control groups ： 51 in the observation group and 50 in the control group. In the observation group, fresh slices of potato were applied on the affected areas of the patients＇ skin, and partially covered with plastic wrap to hold it in place. In the control group, Hirudoid creams were applied on the affected areas of the patients＇ skin. The treatments are administered thrice a day, with each treatment taking 20 minutes. The patients are then observed for incidence of phlebitis at the 24 hour, 48 hour and 72 hour interval. Results Comparing the results of each group across the time intervals, we find that the former is more effective than the latter, and the difference is statistically significant（P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions Applying fresh potato slices is more effective than using Hirudoid cream for treating Amiodarone-induced phlebitis. It is easy to be administered, affordable, and should be considered for wider clinical application.展开更多
基金the Vice Chancellor of Research,Qazvin University of Medical Sciences for financial support
文摘BACKGROUND：Amiodarone is a useful antiarrhythmic drug.Phlebitis,caused by intravenous amiodarone,is common in patients in coronary care units（CCUs）.OBJECTIVE：The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of topical chamomile on the incidence of phlebitis due to the administration of an amiodarone infusion into the peripheral vein.DESIGN,SETTING,PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS：This was a randomized,double-blind clinical trial,conducted on 40 patients（n=20 per group）in two groups—an intervention group（chamomile ointment）and a control group（lanoline,as a placebo）,hospitalized in the CCUs and undergoing an amiodarone infusion into the peripheral vein over 24 h.Following the cannulation and commencement of the infusion,placebo or chamomile ointment was rubbed in,up to 10 cm superior to the catheter and repeated every eight hours for three days.The cannula site was then assessed based on the phlebitis checklist.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES：The incidence and time of occurrence of phlebitis,relative risk,severity of phlebitis were the main outcome measures.RESULTS：Nineteen patients（19/20）in the control group had phlebitis on the first day of the study and one patient（20/20）on the second day.In the intervention group,phlebitis occurred in 13 cases（13/20）on the first day and another two（2/7）was found on the second day.The incidence of phlebitis was significantly different between two groups（P=0.023）.The cumulative incidence of phlebitis in the intervention group（15/20）is significantly later and lower than that in the control group（20/20）during two days（P=0.008）.Two patients in the intervention group did not develop phlebitis at all during the 3-day study.Also,the relative risk of phlebitis in the two groups was 0.68（P=0.008 5）.A significant difference was not observed with regard to phlebitis severity in both groups.CONCLUSION：It seems that phlebitis occurred to a lesser extent and at a later time frame in the intervention group compared to control group.Topical chamomile may be effective in decreasing the incidence of phlebitis due to an amiodarone infusion.
文摘以废打印机壳PC/ABS再生粒子(R-PC/ABS)为基体材料,对苯二酚双(二苯基磷酸脂)(HDP)和梯形倍半硅氧烷(TSQ)为阻燃剂,采用熔融共混制备了无卤阻燃PC/ABS,对其阻燃性能、力学性能、尺寸稳定性和负荷热变形温度(HDT)进行分析,结果发现,TSQ可以阻燃R-PC/ABS,并且,对力学性能、尺寸稳定性和HDT影响较小,R-PC/ABS/0.8TSQ的LOI为29.8%,阻燃达到3.0 mm V-0和2.0 mm V-1级;HDP可以有效地阻燃R-PC/ABS,但是,对力学性能、尺寸稳定性和HDT的负面影响较大,R-PC/ABS/12HDP的LOI为36.1%,阻燃可达到UL 941.0 mm V-0级,与R-PC/ABS相比,HDT、拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和缺口冲击强度分别降低了20.2℃、26.6%、14.5%、16.9%和60.9%;R-PC/ABS/0.8TSQ/6HDP的LOI为35.7%,阻燃级别达到UL 941.0 mm V-0级,与R-PC/ABS/12HDP相比,模后收缩率(PMS)降低了19.7%,HDT、拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和缺口冲击强度分别提高了13℃、21.0%、11.3%、14.3%和85.9%。
文摘Objective: This review aims to determine the impact of different drugs and methods on the successful establishment of an animal model for chemical phlebitis (CP). Design: Search the Cochrane Library, ProQuest Academic Journal Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, Embase, CINAHL complete (EESCO) and other related databases to determine the literature. Screen out articles consistent with this review and summarize them. Results: Since the establishment of the database, a total of 1463 articles have been retrieved. After reading the title, abstract and full text, and excluding non-related and duplicate articles, 22 reports were finally included. Among them, there are 8 articles using different medication methods to compare the effects of establishing a CP model. The included articles explored the effects of different animal models, drug types, and their dose, concentration, speed, and time on the CP model. Conclusion: The factors of dose, concentration and time were positively correlated with the incidence of CP. The effect of speed factors on CP and the results of different animal models are inconsistent. It requires further research in the future.
文摘Objective: The efficacy of Ji Desheng snake pills combined with hypertonic glucose external application in treating drug-induced superficial phlebitis caused by parenteral nutrition (PN) is observed. Methods: Fifty-two cases of drug-induced superficial phlebitis after peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) were selected, which were randomly divided into experimental group and control group in accordance with the phlebitis grading. In the experimental group, Ji Desheng snake pills were crushed to make a paste with 50% glucose solution, which was then applied to the affected area of phlebitis, the surface was covered with clean gauze, and properly fixed with tape or bandage. The drug was replaced once a day. In the control group, the gauze soaked with 50% magnesium sulfate solution was used, which was applied to the affected part three times a day in wet, and the efficacy was observed respectively on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th days after applying the drug. Results: On the 1st and 3rd days after treatment, the observed effective rate of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group (42.31% vs. 15.38% and 76.92% vs. 46.15%, respectively). The difference was statistically significant (p th and 7th days after treatment, there was no statistical significance with respect to the efficacy between the experimental group and the control group (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The significant efficacy could be found in early stage after drug-induced superficial phlebitis was treated by Ji Desheng snake pills combined with hypertonic glucose external application, which was superior to that of the traditional treatment of wet application by using gauze soaked in 50% magnesium sulfate solution.
文摘Background Two different interventions are to be tested on patients who have phlebitis caused by Amiodarone therapy. The aim is to prevent or reduce the incidence of phlebitis and observe the effects of both methods. Methods A total of 101 patients are divided into observation and control groups ： 51 in the observation group and 50 in the control group. In the observation group, fresh slices of potato were applied on the affected areas of the patients＇ skin, and partially covered with plastic wrap to hold it in place. In the control group, Hirudoid creams were applied on the affected areas of the patients＇ skin. The treatments are administered thrice a day, with each treatment taking 20 minutes. The patients are then observed for incidence of phlebitis at the 24 hour, 48 hour and 72 hour interval. Results Comparing the results of each group across the time intervals, we find that the former is more effective than the latter, and the difference is statistically significant（P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions Applying fresh potato slices is more effective than using Hirudoid cream for treating Amiodarone-induced phlebitis. It is easy to be administered, affordable, and should be considered for wider clinical application.
