Studying and analyzing the dynamic behavior of offshore wind turbines are of great importance to ensure the safety and improve the efficiency of such expensive equipments.In this work,a tapered beam model is proposed ...Studying and analyzing the dynamic behavior of offshore wind turbines are of great importance to ensure the safety and improve the efficiency of such expensive equipments.In this work,a tapered beam model is proposed to investigate the dynamic response of an offshore wind turbine tower on the monopile foundation assembled with rotating blades in the complex ocean environment.Several environment factors like wind,wave,current,and soil resistance are taken into account.The proposed model is ana-lytically solved with the Galerkin method.Based on the numerical results,the effects of various structure parameters including the taper angle,the height and thickness of the tower,the depth,and the diameter and the cement filler of the monopile on the funda-mental natural frequency of the wind turbine tower system are investigated in detail.It is found that the fundamental natural frequency decreases with the increase in the taper angle and the height and thickness of the tower,and increases with the increase in the diameter of the monopile.Moreover,filling cement into the monopile can effectively im-prove the fundamental natural frequency of the wind turbine tower system,but there is a critical value of the amount of cement maximizing the property of the monopile.This research may be helpful in the design and safety evaluation of offshore wind turbines.展开更多
By using the expressions for the maximum absorption per wavelength (αλ),and the relaxation frequency fr of the boric acid relaxation derived previously by the author and employing the related oceanographic literatur...By using the expressions for the maximum absorption per wavelength (αλ),and the relaxation frequency fr of the boric acid relaxation derived previously by the author and employing the related oceanographic literatures, the effects of pressure, temperature, pH and salinity on (αλ)r and ∫r of the boric acid relaxation in sea water have been estimated. Results show that ( αλ), not only increases with pH but also increases approximately linearly with pressure and temperature, and is nearly proportional to the 1. 35 power of salinity. However, pressure, pH and salinity have negligible effect on ∫r; therefore, ∫r, can be approximately expressed as a function of temperature only. Comparisons of the predicted with the measured ( αλ)r and ∫r in different ocean areas are given.展开更多
Microplastic has been found in all major waterbodies in the world. Many examples of ingestion of microplastic by marine organisms have been reported. This presence of microplastic in marine organisms gives it the poss...Microplastic has been found in all major waterbodies in the world. Many examples of ingestion of microplastic by marine organisms have been reported. This presence of microplastic in marine organisms gives it the possibility to penetrate the human food chain by increasing the chance of microplastic in seafood targeted for human consumption. Although it is known that parts of the Indian Ocean suffer from significant plastic pollution, much of the systematic research on the microplastic abundance in different regions of the Indian Ocean stems only from the last five years. This manuscript reviews the available literature of 2015-2022 on the presence of microplastics in commercially important fish species in the Indian Ocean. The literature data on microplastic content on beaches, in subtidal sediment, in the sediment from the ocean floor, and in surface water of different regions of the Indian Ocean is reviewed, also.展开更多
During 1995-2011, annual production of winter-spring cohort of Ommastrephes bartramii for Chinese squidjigging fishery has greatly fluctuated, which is closely related to the environmental conditions on the spawning a...During 1995-2011, annual production of winter-spring cohort of Ommastrephes bartramii for Chinese squidjigging fishery has greatly fluctuated, which is closely related to the environmental conditions on the spawning and fishing grounds. To better understand how squid recruitment and abundance were infuenced by ocean environmental conditions, biological and physical environmental variables including sea surface temperature （SST）, SST anomaly （SSTA）, chlorophyll a （Chl a） concentration and the Kuroshio Current were examined during years with the highest （1999）, intermediate （2005）, and lowest （2009） catches. Catch per unit effort （CPUE） of the squid-jigging vessels was used as an indicator of squid abundance. The results indicated that high SST and Chl a concentration on the spawning ground in 1999 resulted in favorable incubation and feeding conditions for squid recruitment. Whereas the suitable spawning zone （SSZ） in 2009 shifted southward and coincided with low SST and Chl a concentration, resulting in a reduction in the squid recruitment. The small difference of SSZ area in the three years suggested the SSZ provided limited influences on the variability in squid recruitment. Furthermore, high squid abundance in 1999 and 2005 was associated with warm SSTA on the fishing ground. While the cool SSTA on the fishing ground in 2009 contributed to adverse habitat for the squid, leading to extremely low abundance. It was inferred that strengthened intensity of the Kuroshio force generally yielded favorable environmental conditions for O. bartramii. Future research are suggested to focus on the fundamental research oil the early life stage of O. bartramii and mechanism of how the ocean-climate variability affects the squid abundance and spatial distribution by coupling physical model with squid biological process to explore transport path and abundance distribution.展开更多
Human never stop the journey of exploring the ocean.Since the industry revolution,the advanced technology had been used for drilling platform on sea,submarine cable and subsea tunnel.At the same time,the ocean shippin...Human never stop the journey of exploring the ocean.Since the industry revolution,the advanced technology had been used for drilling platform on sea,submarine cable and subsea tunnel.At the same time,the ocean shipping develops fast in order to pursue the cheaper product materials among countries.But the human activities have greatly influenced the ecology and environment of the ocean."Torres Canyon"oil pollution case,Terrell smeltery arbitration case,Dalian new harbor7.16exploding case all greatly damaged the ocean environment.Therefore,through continual exploration,countries have signed a series of international agreement to construct systematic judging and compensating mechanism.展开更多
China’s ocean satellites are divided into three series based on ocean color satellites(HY-1),ocean dynamic environment satellites(HY-2)and ocean monitoring satellites(HY-3).The three series of ocean satellites operat...China’s ocean satellites are divided into three series based on ocean color satellites(HY-1),ocean dynamic environment satellites(HY-2)and ocean monitoring satellites(HY-3).The three series of ocean satellites operate today in a multi-satellite network.The HY-1 D satellite launched in June 2020 and the HY-1 C satellite,already in orbit,realized a network observation capability and completed the formation of the ocean color satellite constellation.The HY-2 D satellite launched in May 2021 joined the HY-2 B and HY-2 C satellites,which have been on orbit already and completed a network observation capability,thus establishing the ocean dynamic environment satellite constellation.The GF-302 satellite(1 m C-SAR 01)launched in November 2021 has networked with GF-3,initially establishing an ocean monitoring satellite constellation,which has finally completed its construction with the launch of the GF-303 satellite(1 m C-SAR 02)in April 2022.The GF-3 three-satellite network effectively boasts a wide capability in applications of satellite data products and services in many fields,such as ocean environmental monitoring,ocean disaster prevention and mitigation,marine scientific research and polar research.展开更多
Ocean satellites have realized multi-satellite networked operation.The HY-1D satellite launched in June 2020 realized networked with HY-1C satellite,and completed the construction of ocean color satellite constellatio...Ocean satellites have realized multi-satellite networked operation.The HY-1D satellite launched in June 2020 realized networked with HY-1C satellite,and completed the construction of ocean color satellite constellation.The HY-2D satellite launched in May 2021 is networked with the on orbit HY-2B and HY-2C satellites to complete the construction of marine dynamic environment satellite constellation.The 1 mC-SAR satellite 01 launched in November 2021 is networked with GF-3,which initially forms the marine monitoring satellite constellation.This year,the networking of 1 mC-SAR satellite 02 with satellite 01 and GF-3 is realized,and the construction of marine monitoring satellite constellation is completed.At present,the ocean satellites have the operational application capabilities of remote sensing investigation,monitoring,evaluation and supervision of marine ecology,marine disaster prevention and reduction,global oceans and Polar Regions,Sea Islands,rights and interests maintenance.展开更多
The watershed of the Amazon River discharges about 120,000 m3·s-1?of freshwater into the adjacent platform and oceanic region. The aim of this work was to analyze the distribution of oceanographic parameters, chl...The watershed of the Amazon River discharges about 120,000 m3·s-1?of freshwater into the adjacent platform and oceanic region. The aim of this work was to analyze the distribution of oceanographic parameters, chlorophyll a and primary productivity under the influence of the Amazon River plume, during the period of greatest extension of the Amazon plume. Collections were carried out in September 14 in 16 stations including continental platform and oceanic region. It was possible to observe superficial currents along the coast in the northwest direction, but with less intensity and currents with greater speeds towards the east due to the North Brazil Current retroflexion at this time of the year, transporting the plume to the central Atlantic Ocean. The spatial influence of the plume was observed in the salinity, which ranged from 28 to 36.75, although the high precipitation in the region may also have contributed as a source of freshwater. However, the sampled region showed strong negative linear correlation of silicate, chlorophyll a and primary productivity with salinity. The primary productivity values ranged from 0.04 to 18.81 mg C m-3?day-1, whereas chlorophyll a concentrations ranged from 0.15 mg·m-3?to 1.83 mg·m-3, decreasing their values as they move away from the coast. The Amazon River plume can reach and influence the oceanographic and biological parameters in a large area of this oligotrophic region. However, the results also suggest that the export of material from the adjacent coastal region is another determinant of the region’s productivity.展开更多
By analyzing the sustainable development process of strengthening marine environmental protection and global reporting and assessment of marine environmental conditions since the Human Environment Conference, this pap...By analyzing the sustainable development process of strengthening marine environmental protection and global reporting and assessment of marine environmental conditions since the Human Environment Conference, this paper summarizes the scientific connotation of “scientific understanding of the ocean” reflected in the United Nations Global Marine Environmental Assessment Report, proposes the etymological definition and specific coverage, representative global and regional practical experience of scientific understanding of the ocean, and further analyzes and defines the human activities and cognitive evolution process of “scientific understanding of the ocean”. It marks the leap in human cognition in four dimensions: observation and evaluation, intervention and regulation, disciplinary knowledge system, and supporting guarantee system. It condenses the connotation definitions and human practical achievements of each dimension, and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to strengthen marine environmental protection and sustainable development.展开更多
MICP(Microbially induced calcite precipitation),an environmentally friendly soil improvement technique,has great potential in ocean engineering due to its ability to promote the precipitation of calcium carbonate thro...MICP(Microbially induced calcite precipitation),an environmentally friendly soil improvement technique,has great potential in ocean engineering due to its ability to promote the precipitation of calcium carbonate through microbial activity to enhance the engineering properties of geomaterials.In this study,piezocone penetration test(CPTU)is used to evaluate the effectiveness of MICP treatment in calcareous sand.The change of physical properties(relative density D and total unit weight)of MICP treated calcareous sand is investigated by conducting CPTU on the geomaterials prepared in a series of mini calibration chambers(25 cm×50 cm).Results indicate that CPTU(tip stress,sleeve friction,and porewater pressure)measurements can be used to interpret the physical characteristics of calcareous sand treated with MICP under seawater conditions.Additionally,a relationship between CPTU measurements,physical parameters(relative density D,and total unit weight y)of MICP treated calcareous sand is proposed and calibrated.The findings of the research extend the implementation of in-situ testing techniques such as CPTU towards physical property evaluation of bio-treated geomaterials in ocean environment,and demonstrate the potential of scaling up MICP techniques for broader engineeringapplication.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11872233,11727804,and 11472163)the National Key Basic Research Project of China(No.2014CB046203)the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.2017-01-07-00-09-E00019)。
文摘Studying and analyzing the dynamic behavior of offshore wind turbines are of great importance to ensure the safety and improve the efficiency of such expensive equipments.In this work,a tapered beam model is proposed to investigate the dynamic response of an offshore wind turbine tower on the monopile foundation assembled with rotating blades in the complex ocean environment.Several environment factors like wind,wave,current,and soil resistance are taken into account.The proposed model is ana-lytically solved with the Galerkin method.Based on the numerical results,the effects of various structure parameters including the taper angle,the height and thickness of the tower,the depth,and the diameter and the cement filler of the monopile on the funda-mental natural frequency of the wind turbine tower system are investigated in detail.It is found that the fundamental natural frequency decreases with the increase in the taper angle and the height and thickness of the tower,and increases with the increase in the diameter of the monopile.Moreover,filling cement into the monopile can effectively im-prove the fundamental natural frequency of the wind turbine tower system,but there is a critical value of the amount of cement maximizing the property of the monopile.This research may be helpful in the design and safety evaluation of offshore wind turbines.
基金This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘By using the expressions for the maximum absorption per wavelength (αλ),and the relaxation frequency fr of the boric acid relaxation derived previously by the author and employing the related oceanographic literatures, the effects of pressure, temperature, pH and salinity on (αλ)r and ∫r of the boric acid relaxation in sea water have been estimated. Results show that ( αλ), not only increases with pH but also increases approximately linearly with pressure and temperature, and is nearly proportional to the 1. 35 power of salinity. However, pressure, pH and salinity have negligible effect on ∫r; therefore, ∫r, can be approximately expressed as a function of temperature only. Comparisons of the predicted with the measured ( αλ)r and ∫r in different ocean areas are given.
文摘Microplastic has been found in all major waterbodies in the world. Many examples of ingestion of microplastic by marine organisms have been reported. This presence of microplastic in marine organisms gives it the possibility to penetrate the human food chain by increasing the chance of microplastic in seafood targeted for human consumption. Although it is known that parts of the Indian Ocean suffer from significant plastic pollution, much of the systematic research on the microplastic abundance in different regions of the Indian Ocean stems only from the last five years. This manuscript reviews the available literature of 2015-2022 on the presence of microplastics in commercially important fish species in the Indian Ocean. The literature data on microplastic content on beaches, in subtidal sediment, in the sediment from the ocean floor, and in surface water of different regions of the Indian Ocean is reviewed, also.
基金The National High-Tech R&D Program(863 Program)of China under contract No.2012AA092303the Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation under contract No.12231203900+4 种基金the Industrialization Program of National Development and Reform Commission under contract No.2159999the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China under contract No.2013BAD13B00the Shanghai Universities First-Class Disciplines Project(Fisheries A)the Funding Program for Outstanding Dissertations in Shanghai Ocean Universitythe Shanghai Ocean University International Center for Marine Studies
文摘During 1995-2011, annual production of winter-spring cohort of Ommastrephes bartramii for Chinese squidjigging fishery has greatly fluctuated, which is closely related to the environmental conditions on the spawning and fishing grounds. To better understand how squid recruitment and abundance were infuenced by ocean environmental conditions, biological and physical environmental variables including sea surface temperature （SST）, SST anomaly （SSTA）, chlorophyll a （Chl a） concentration and the Kuroshio Current were examined during years with the highest （1999）, intermediate （2005）, and lowest （2009） catches. Catch per unit effort （CPUE） of the squid-jigging vessels was used as an indicator of squid abundance. The results indicated that high SST and Chl a concentration on the spawning ground in 1999 resulted in favorable incubation and feeding conditions for squid recruitment. Whereas the suitable spawning zone （SSZ） in 2009 shifted southward and coincided with low SST and Chl a concentration, resulting in a reduction in the squid recruitment. The small difference of SSZ area in the three years suggested the SSZ provided limited influences on the variability in squid recruitment. Furthermore, high squid abundance in 1999 and 2005 was associated with warm SSTA on the fishing ground. While the cool SSTA on the fishing ground in 2009 contributed to adverse habitat for the squid, leading to extremely low abundance. It was inferred that strengthened intensity of the Kuroshio force generally yielded favorable environmental conditions for O. bartramii. Future research are suggested to focus on the fundamental research oil the early life stage of O. bartramii and mechanism of how the ocean-climate variability affects the squid abundance and spatial distribution by coupling physical model with squid biological process to explore transport path and abundance distribution.
文摘Human never stop the journey of exploring the ocean.Since the industry revolution,the advanced technology had been used for drilling platform on sea,submarine cable and subsea tunnel.At the same time,the ocean shipping develops fast in order to pursue the cheaper product materials among countries.But the human activities have greatly influenced the ecology and environment of the ocean."Torres Canyon"oil pollution case,Terrell smeltery arbitration case,Dalian new harbor7.16exploding case all greatly damaged the ocean environment.Therefore,through continual exploration,countries have signed a series of international agreement to construct systematic judging and compensating mechanism.
文摘China’s ocean satellites are divided into three series based on ocean color satellites(HY-1),ocean dynamic environment satellites(HY-2)and ocean monitoring satellites(HY-3).The three series of ocean satellites operate today in a multi-satellite network.The HY-1 D satellite launched in June 2020 and the HY-1 C satellite,already in orbit,realized a network observation capability and completed the formation of the ocean color satellite constellation.The HY-2 D satellite launched in May 2021 joined the HY-2 B and HY-2 C satellites,which have been on orbit already and completed a network observation capability,thus establishing the ocean dynamic environment satellite constellation.The GF-302 satellite(1 m C-SAR 01)launched in November 2021 has networked with GF-3,initially establishing an ocean monitoring satellite constellation,which has finally completed its construction with the launch of the GF-303 satellite(1 m C-SAR 02)in April 2022.The GF-3 three-satellite network effectively boasts a wide capability in applications of satellite data products and services in many fields,such as ocean environmental monitoring,ocean disaster prevention and mitigation,marine scientific research and polar research.
文摘Ocean satellites have realized multi-satellite networked operation.The HY-1D satellite launched in June 2020 realized networked with HY-1C satellite,and completed the construction of ocean color satellite constellation.The HY-2D satellite launched in May 2021 is networked with the on orbit HY-2B and HY-2C satellites to complete the construction of marine dynamic environment satellite constellation.The 1 mC-SAR satellite 01 launched in November 2021 is networked with GF-3,which initially forms the marine monitoring satellite constellation.This year,the networking of 1 mC-SAR satellite 02 with satellite 01 and GF-3 is realized,and the construction of marine monitoring satellite constellation is completed.At present,the ocean satellites have the operational application capabilities of remote sensing investigation,monitoring,evaluation and supervision of marine ecology,marine disaster prevention and reduction,global oceans and Polar Regions,Sea Islands,rights and interests maintenance.
文摘The watershed of the Amazon River discharges about 120,000 m3·s-1?of freshwater into the adjacent platform and oceanic region. The aim of this work was to analyze the distribution of oceanographic parameters, chlorophyll a and primary productivity under the influence of the Amazon River plume, during the period of greatest extension of the Amazon plume. Collections were carried out in September 14 in 16 stations including continental platform and oceanic region. It was possible to observe superficial currents along the coast in the northwest direction, but with less intensity and currents with greater speeds towards the east due to the North Brazil Current retroflexion at this time of the year, transporting the plume to the central Atlantic Ocean. The spatial influence of the plume was observed in the salinity, which ranged from 28 to 36.75, although the high precipitation in the region may also have contributed as a source of freshwater. However, the sampled region showed strong negative linear correlation of silicate, chlorophyll a and primary productivity with salinity. The primary productivity values ranged from 0.04 to 18.81 mg C m-3?day-1, whereas chlorophyll a concentrations ranged from 0.15 mg·m-3?to 1.83 mg·m-3, decreasing their values as they move away from the coast. The Amazon River plume can reach and influence the oceanographic and biological parameters in a large area of this oligotrophic region. However, the results also suggest that the export of material from the adjacent coastal region is another determinant of the region’s productivity.
文摘By analyzing the sustainable development process of strengthening marine environmental protection and global reporting and assessment of marine environmental conditions since the Human Environment Conference, this paper summarizes the scientific connotation of “scientific understanding of the ocean” reflected in the United Nations Global Marine Environmental Assessment Report, proposes the etymological definition and specific coverage, representative global and regional practical experience of scientific understanding of the ocean, and further analyzes and defines the human activities and cognitive evolution process of “scientific understanding of the ocean”. It marks the leap in human cognition in four dimensions: observation and evaluation, intervention and regulation, disciplinary knowledge system, and supporting guarantee system. It condenses the connotation definitions and human practical achievements of each dimension, and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to strengthen marine environmental protection and sustainable development.
基金funded by the Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Research Startup Funds[item number:01030100009].
文摘MICP(Microbially induced calcite precipitation),an environmentally friendly soil improvement technique,has great potential in ocean engineering due to its ability to promote the precipitation of calcium carbonate through microbial activity to enhance the engineering properties of geomaterials.In this study,piezocone penetration test(CPTU)is used to evaluate the effectiveness of MICP treatment in calcareous sand.The change of physical properties(relative density D and total unit weight)of MICP treated calcareous sand is investigated by conducting CPTU on the geomaterials prepared in a series of mini calibration chambers(25 cm×50 cm).Results indicate that CPTU(tip stress,sleeve friction,and porewater pressure)measurements can be used to interpret the physical characteristics of calcareous sand treated with MICP under seawater conditions.Additionally,a relationship between CPTU measurements,physical parameters(relative density D,and total unit weight y)of MICP treated calcareous sand is proposed and calibrated.The findings of the research extend the implementation of in-situ testing techniques such as CPTU towards physical property evaluation of bio-treated geomaterials in ocean environment,and demonstrate the potential of scaling up MICP techniques for broader engineeringapplication.
