AIM:To explore the causal relationship between several possible behavioral factors and high myopia(HM)using multivariable Mendelian randomization(MVMR)approach and to find the mediators among them with mediation analy...AIM:To explore the causal relationship between several possible behavioral factors and high myopia(HM)using multivariable Mendelian randomization(MVMR)approach and to find the mediators among them with mediation analysis.METHODS:The causal effects of several behavioral factors,including screen time,education time,time spent outdoors,and physical activity,on the risk of HM using univariable Mendelian randomization(MR)and MVMR analyses were first assessed.Genome-wide association study summary statistics of serum metabolites were also used in mediation analysis to determine the extent to which serum metabolites mediate the effects of behavioral factors on HM.RESULTS:MR analyses indicated that both increased time spent outdoors and a higher frequency of moderate physical activity significantly reduced the risk of HM.Further MVMR analysis confirmed that moderate physical activity independently contributed to a lower risk of HM.Additionally,MR analyses identified 13 serum metabolites significantly associated with HM,of which 12 were lipids and one was an amino acid derivative.Mediation analysis revealed that six lipid metabolites mediated the protective effects of moderate physical activity on HM,with the highest mediation proportion observed for 1-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-GPC(p-16:0;30.83%).CONCLUSION:This study suggests that in addition to outdoor time,moderate physical activity habits may have an independent protective effect against HM and pointed to lipid metabolites as priority targets for the prevention due to low physical activity.These results emphasize the importance of physical activity and metabolic health in HM and underscore the need for further study of these complex associations.展开更多
目的基于Meta分析方法讨论中成药联合替格瑞洛治疗冠心病心绞痛的有效性。方法检索中英文数据库,包括中国知网、万方、维普、PubMed、Embase和Web of Science等,筛选中成药联合替格瑞洛治疗冠心病心绞痛的随机对照试验,检索时间为建库至...目的基于Meta分析方法讨论中成药联合替格瑞洛治疗冠心病心绞痛的有效性。方法检索中英文数据库,包括中国知网、万方、维普、PubMed、Embase和Web of Science等,筛选中成药联合替格瑞洛治疗冠心病心绞痛的随机对照试验,检索时间为建库至2024年12月。采用RevMan5.3软件对纳入的文献进行数据分析及绘图。结果共纳入24篇文献,Meta分析结果提示:与对照组比较,试验组的治疗总有效率升高,每周发作次数和发作持续时间显著降低(P<0.00001)。结论中成药联合替格瑞洛可以提高冠心病心绞痛患者的治疗总有效率,明显减少心绞痛每周发作次数与发作持续时间,这对于缓解患者症状、提升生活质量具有积极意义。展开更多
目的:系统评价实习护生经历不良事件的真实体验与感受,以期为护理教育者与管理者制定干预措施提供参考。方法:计算机检索the Cochrane Library、PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献...目的:系统评价实习护生经历不良事件的真实体验与感受,以期为护理教育者与管理者制定干预措施提供参考。方法:计算机检索the Cochrane Library、PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库从建库至2024年9月1日收录的相关质性研究,采用乔安娜布里格斯研究所(JBI)循证卫生保健中心质性研究质量评价标准评价文献质量,采用汇集性Meta整合方法对结果进行整合。结果:共纳入12篇文献,提炼44个主题,形成4个整合结果,分别为实习护生复杂的心理和情绪体验、发生不良事件后护生的应对方式、护生的需求未得到充分满足、发生不良事件的影响因素。结论:护理管理者与教育者应提供全面的支持和指导,关注实习护生负性情绪,开展病人安全教育,提高护生的病人安全胜任力水平,预防不良事件的发生。展开更多
目的:探讨髓芯减压联合不同治疗策略对早中期股骨头坏死患者的疗效及安全性评价。方法:系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、EMbase、中国知网、维普、万方和中国生物医学文献数据库,纳入截至2025-01-19发表的关于髓芯...目的:探讨髓芯减压联合不同治疗策略对早中期股骨头坏死患者的疗效及安全性评价。方法:系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、EMbase、中国知网、维普、万方和中国生物医学文献数据库,纳入截至2025-01-19发表的关于髓芯减压联合治疗早中期股骨头坏死的随机对照试验。采用Cochrane偏倚风险评估工具对文献质量进行评价,运用GRADE系统评价证据等级,基于贝叶斯框架构建网状Meta分析模型。采用标准化均数差进行效应估计,结果以累积排序概率曲线下面积进行干预优效性排序。敏感性分析采用逐项剔除法评估模型稳健性,并通过基线协变量评估传递性假设。结果:最终纳入73项随机对照试验,共计5148例患者、5777个髋关节,涵盖15种联合治疗方法。结果显示:①在提高综合临床疗效方面,髓芯减压联合自体骨髓单核细胞浓缩注射、骨髓间充质干细胞移植、支撑性植骨及补肾活血类中药复方汤剂等均优于单纯髓芯减压,其中髓芯减压联合自体骨髓单核细胞浓缩注射显示出最优的干预效果(累积排序概率曲线下面积=96.23%);②在髋关节功能改善方面,髓芯减压联合中医药序贯治疗疗效最优(累积排序概率曲线下面积=93.85%);③在疼痛缓解方面,髓芯减压联合中成药(补肾活血+活血化瘀)与活血化瘀类中药复方汤剂效果突出;④在影像学改善方面,髓芯减压联合自体源性干细胞局部植入效果最佳(累积排序概率曲线下面积=82.56%);⑤在临床安全性方面,髓芯减压联合活血化瘀类中药复方汤剂在降低不良事件发生率方面具有相对优势(P<0.05)。为评估结果稳健性,采用逐项剔除法进行敏感性分析,显示模型稳定,主要干预结果对单项研究不敏感,传递性假设成立。结论:髓芯减压联合干细胞移植、中医药序贯治疗等多种治疗方案在改善早中期股骨头坏死临床疗效方面优于单纯髓芯减压,表现为关节功能保护、结构重建与疼痛控制等多重优势。考虑部分干预文献数量有限及研究质量差异,仍需高质量、多中心、大样本随机对照试验进一步验证。展开更多
目的系统评价癌症患者家庭照顾者癌症复发恐惧(fear of cancer recurrence,FCR)体验,为制订针对性心理支持干预提供证据。方法检索PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Embase、CINAHL、知网、万方和维普等数据库中关于照顾者FC...目的系统评价癌症患者家庭照顾者癌症复发恐惧(fear of cancer recurrence,FCR)体验,为制订针对性心理支持干预提供证据。方法检索PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Embase、CINAHL、知网、万方和维普等数据库中关于照顾者FCR体验的质性研究,检索时限为建库至2025年10月。采用Meta整合方法分析结果。结果共纳入17篇文献,提炼出27个研究结果,归纳为8个类别,综合成3个整合结果:照顾者FCR的身心表现、照顾者对FCR相关因素的感知、照顾者采用不同策略应对FCR。结论癌症患者家庭照顾者的FCR体验表现为身心多重负担,护理人员应开展FCR筛查,在关键医疗节点加强专业支持,并构建基于不同应对策略的阶梯式、多学科协同干预体系,以减轻照顾者的FCR。展开更多
背景跌倒是老年人的常见和严重的问题之一,跌倒效能是跌倒的重要影响因素,提高老年人跌倒效能的运动方式多样但各种运动干预效果的优劣尚无定论。目的分析比较不同运动方式对老年人跌倒效能的影响,旨在为患者选择最佳运动方式提供参考...背景跌倒是老年人的常见和严重的问题之一,跌倒效能是跌倒的重要影响因素,提高老年人跌倒效能的运动方式多样但各种运动干预效果的优劣尚无定论。目的分析比较不同运动方式对老年人跌倒效能的影响,旨在为患者选择最佳运动方式提供参考。方法计算机检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网、SinoMed、PubMed、CINAHL、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane Library、FMRS等数据库中关于运动提高老年人跌倒效能的相关文献,检索时限为建库至2025-08-15。结局指标为国际版跌倒效能量表(FES-I)、Berg平衡量表(BBS)、计时起立-行走测试(TUGT)。采用Cochrane偏倚评估工具进行文献质量评价,采用Stata 18.0软件进行网状Meta分析,采用累积概率排名曲线下面积(SUCRA)对不同方案的效果进行排名。结果共纳入35项研究,包括2627例研究对象、13种运动方式。在跌倒效能方面,奥塔戈(MD=8.94,95%CI=3.51~14.38)、太极拳(MD=9.24,95%CI=4.96~13.51)、方步运动(MD=8.60,95%CI=2.56~14.64)、普拉提(MD=6.86,95%CI=1.19~12.53)的效果优于常规护理组(P<0.05),太极拳成为最佳干预措施的可能性最大(SUCRA=81.2)。在平衡功能方面,奥塔戈(MD=3.87,95%CI=2.71~5.02)、太极拳(MD=3.87,95%CI=1.71~6.03)、抗阻+平衡训练(MD=3.26,95%CI=0.53~6.00)的效果优于常规护理组(P<0.05),奥塔戈成为最佳干预措施的可能性最大(SUCRA=68.1)。在移动能力方面,奥塔戈(MD=3.90,95%CI=2.77~5.04)、太极拳(MD=4.44,95%CI=3.50~5.39)、八段锦(MD=2.25,95%CI=1.47~3.02)、八卦掌(MD=2.35,95%CI=1.26~3.43)、步态平衡操(MD=3.60,95%CI=2.15~5.05)的效果优于常规护理组(P<0.05),太极拳成为最佳干预措施的可能性最大(SUCRA=95.0)。结论太极拳、奥塔戈运动在改善老年人跌倒效能、平衡功能、移动能力方面效果较好。临床医护人员应结合老年人健康状况及需求,合理选择运动方式,以提高老年人跌倒效能,有效预防跌倒,促进患者健康。未来仍需进一步开展更多高质量的研究以验证此结论。展开更多
Dear Editor,We read with a great interest the recently published systematic review by Shamsikhani and Hosseini titled,“Foot reflexology on nausea and vomiting:A systematic review.”[1]While the authors provided a com...Dear Editor,We read with a great interest the recently published systematic review by Shamsikhani and Hosseini titled,“Foot reflexology on nausea and vomiting:A systematic review.”[1]While the authors provided a comprehensive qualitative synthesis of six studies meeting their inclusion criteria,we believe that additional quantitative analysis would strengthen the evidence base for foot reflexology in managing nausea and vomiting.We conducted a complementary meta-analysis to provide quantitative evidence supporting the qualitative findings presented in the systematic review.展开更多
We sincerely thank the authors of the commentary1 for their thoughtful analysis and constructive critique of our systematic review on ischemic preconditioning(IPC)and placebo effects in exercise capacity and athletic ...We sincerely thank the authors of the commentary1 for their thoughtful analysis and constructive critique of our systematic review on ischemic preconditioning(IPC)and placebo effects in exercise capacity and athletic performance.2Their attention to methodological details,particularly concerning the inclusion and timing of warm-up protocols across studies,is commendable and contributes meaningfully to the ongoing refinement of IPC research in sports science.展开更多
To the editor:“A recent systematic review shows that the risk of death by suicide is 100 times higher in people living with HIV than in the general population”—World Health Organization,2022 The estimate that the r...To the editor:“A recent systematic review shows that the risk of death by suicide is 100 times higher in people living with HIV than in the general population”—World Health Organization,2022 The estimate that the risk of suicide is 100-fold higher in people with HIV(PWH)than in the general population is widely cited,including in the World Health Organization’s(WHO’s)World Mental Health report from which the above quote is taken.1 This figure originates from a systematic review and meta-analysis by Pelton and colleagues,who estimated the‘lifetime incidence’of suicide among PWH2 and directly compared this measure to the WHO’s annual global suicide mortality rate.展开更多
We highly commend Dr Souza et al.1for their systematic review research.The authors conducted a detailed investigation into the effects of ischemic preconditioning(IPC)on athletic performance,comparing it with placebo ...We highly commend Dr Souza et al.1for their systematic review research.The authors conducted a detailed investigation into the effects of ischemic preconditioning(IPC)on athletic performance,comparing it with placebo and no-intervention conditions.The study found that while IPC demonstrated superior effects over the no-intervention group in certain metrics(e.g.,time to exhaustion),its performance did not significantly surpass that of the placebo group.This suggests that the potential benefits of IPC may partially stem from participants’psychological expectations,or placebo effects.The study also highlighted the significant impact of placebo interventions on athletic performance,emphasizing the importance of distinguishing between placebo and no-intervention conditions in experimental designs.展开更多
BACKGROUND Upper gastrointestinal cancer(UGIC),including esophageal and gastric cancers,poses a major global health challenge due to its high morbidity and mortality.During the preoperative period,patients often face ...BACKGROUND Upper gastrointestinal cancer(UGIC),including esophageal and gastric cancers,poses a major global health challenge due to its high morbidity and mortality.During the preoperative period,patients often face functional decline,malnutrition,and psychological stress,which can impair recovery.Prehabilitation,a multidisciplinary preoperative intervention,shows promise in optimizing patients'physical and mental status.AIM To evaluate the impact of prehabilitation on patients undergoing UGIC surgery and provide a basis for implementation of the prehabilitation compound plan.METHODS A computerized search of databases including Web of Science,PubMed,EMBASE,The Cochrane Library,Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang,and Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database was used to collect clinical trials on the impact of prehabilitation on patients undergoing UGIC surgery.After screening,a meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.0 software,and linear regression analysis was performed on the prehabilitation duration and outcome indicators.RESULTS A total of 13 clinical trials were ultimately included,with 8 literature quality evaluations at A level and 5 literature quality evaluations at B level.The meta-analysis results showed that compared with conventional nursing,the prehabilitation group had higher six-minute walk distance,lower postoperative complications and mortality rates,and shorter hospital stays,with statistically significant differences;there were no statistically significant differences in intensive care unit monitoring time and albumin levels between the two groups;regression analysis between prehabilitation duration and outcome indicators showed no significant relationship.CONCLUSION Prehabilitation can improve the perioperative functional ability of patients with UGIC and promote postoperative recovery,but its impact on nutrition,psychology,and quality of life needs to be further explored through more high-quality trials;in addition,further research is needed on the prehabilitation time,location,and specific plan.展开更多
基金Supported by the Central High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(No.BJ-2024-089).
文摘AIM:To explore the causal relationship between several possible behavioral factors and high myopia(HM)using multivariable Mendelian randomization(MVMR)approach and to find the mediators among them with mediation analysis.METHODS:The causal effects of several behavioral factors,including screen time,education time,time spent outdoors,and physical activity,on the risk of HM using univariable Mendelian randomization(MR)and MVMR analyses were first assessed.Genome-wide association study summary statistics of serum metabolites were also used in mediation analysis to determine the extent to which serum metabolites mediate the effects of behavioral factors on HM.RESULTS:MR analyses indicated that both increased time spent outdoors and a higher frequency of moderate physical activity significantly reduced the risk of HM.Further MVMR analysis confirmed that moderate physical activity independently contributed to a lower risk of HM.Additionally,MR analyses identified 13 serum metabolites significantly associated with HM,of which 12 were lipids and one was an amino acid derivative.Mediation analysis revealed that six lipid metabolites mediated the protective effects of moderate physical activity on HM,with the highest mediation proportion observed for 1-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-GPC(p-16:0;30.83%).CONCLUSION:This study suggests that in addition to outdoor time,moderate physical activity habits may have an independent protective effect against HM and pointed to lipid metabolites as priority targets for the prevention due to low physical activity.These results emphasize the importance of physical activity and metabolic health in HM and underscore the need for further study of these complex associations.
文摘目的基于Meta分析方法讨论中成药联合替格瑞洛治疗冠心病心绞痛的有效性。方法检索中英文数据库,包括中国知网、万方、维普、PubMed、Embase和Web of Science等,筛选中成药联合替格瑞洛治疗冠心病心绞痛的随机对照试验,检索时间为建库至2024年12月。采用RevMan5.3软件对纳入的文献进行数据分析及绘图。结果共纳入24篇文献,Meta分析结果提示:与对照组比较,试验组的治疗总有效率升高,每周发作次数和发作持续时间显著降低(P<0.00001)。结论中成药联合替格瑞洛可以提高冠心病心绞痛患者的治疗总有效率,明显减少心绞痛每周发作次数与发作持续时间,这对于缓解患者症状、提升生活质量具有积极意义。
文摘目的:系统评价实习护生经历不良事件的真实体验与感受,以期为护理教育者与管理者制定干预措施提供参考。方法:计算机检索the Cochrane Library、PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库从建库至2024年9月1日收录的相关质性研究,采用乔安娜布里格斯研究所(JBI)循证卫生保健中心质性研究质量评价标准评价文献质量,采用汇集性Meta整合方法对结果进行整合。结果:共纳入12篇文献,提炼44个主题,形成4个整合结果,分别为实习护生复杂的心理和情绪体验、发生不良事件后护生的应对方式、护生的需求未得到充分满足、发生不良事件的影响因素。结论:护理管理者与教育者应提供全面的支持和指导,关注实习护生负性情绪,开展病人安全教育,提高护生的病人安全胜任力水平,预防不良事件的发生。
文摘目的:探讨髓芯减压联合不同治疗策略对早中期股骨头坏死患者的疗效及安全性评价。方法:系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、EMbase、中国知网、维普、万方和中国生物医学文献数据库,纳入截至2025-01-19发表的关于髓芯减压联合治疗早中期股骨头坏死的随机对照试验。采用Cochrane偏倚风险评估工具对文献质量进行评价,运用GRADE系统评价证据等级,基于贝叶斯框架构建网状Meta分析模型。采用标准化均数差进行效应估计,结果以累积排序概率曲线下面积进行干预优效性排序。敏感性分析采用逐项剔除法评估模型稳健性,并通过基线协变量评估传递性假设。结果:最终纳入73项随机对照试验,共计5148例患者、5777个髋关节,涵盖15种联合治疗方法。结果显示:①在提高综合临床疗效方面,髓芯减压联合自体骨髓单核细胞浓缩注射、骨髓间充质干细胞移植、支撑性植骨及补肾活血类中药复方汤剂等均优于单纯髓芯减压,其中髓芯减压联合自体骨髓单核细胞浓缩注射显示出最优的干预效果(累积排序概率曲线下面积=96.23%);②在髋关节功能改善方面,髓芯减压联合中医药序贯治疗疗效最优(累积排序概率曲线下面积=93.85%);③在疼痛缓解方面,髓芯减压联合中成药(补肾活血+活血化瘀)与活血化瘀类中药复方汤剂效果突出;④在影像学改善方面,髓芯减压联合自体源性干细胞局部植入效果最佳(累积排序概率曲线下面积=82.56%);⑤在临床安全性方面,髓芯减压联合活血化瘀类中药复方汤剂在降低不良事件发生率方面具有相对优势(P<0.05)。为评估结果稳健性,采用逐项剔除法进行敏感性分析,显示模型稳定,主要干预结果对单项研究不敏感,传递性假设成立。结论:髓芯减压联合干细胞移植、中医药序贯治疗等多种治疗方案在改善早中期股骨头坏死临床疗效方面优于单纯髓芯减压,表现为关节功能保护、结构重建与疼痛控制等多重优势。考虑部分干预文献数量有限及研究质量差异,仍需高质量、多中心、大样本随机对照试验进一步验证。
文摘目的系统评价癌症患者家庭照顾者癌症复发恐惧(fear of cancer recurrence,FCR)体验,为制订针对性心理支持干预提供证据。方法检索PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Embase、CINAHL、知网、万方和维普等数据库中关于照顾者FCR体验的质性研究,检索时限为建库至2025年10月。采用Meta整合方法分析结果。结果共纳入17篇文献,提炼出27个研究结果,归纳为8个类别,综合成3个整合结果:照顾者FCR的身心表现、照顾者对FCR相关因素的感知、照顾者采用不同策略应对FCR。结论癌症患者家庭照顾者的FCR体验表现为身心多重负担,护理人员应开展FCR筛查,在关键医疗节点加强专业支持,并构建基于不同应对策略的阶梯式、多学科协同干预体系,以减轻照顾者的FCR。
文摘背景跌倒是老年人的常见和严重的问题之一,跌倒效能是跌倒的重要影响因素,提高老年人跌倒效能的运动方式多样但各种运动干预效果的优劣尚无定论。目的分析比较不同运动方式对老年人跌倒效能的影响,旨在为患者选择最佳运动方式提供参考。方法计算机检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网、SinoMed、PubMed、CINAHL、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane Library、FMRS等数据库中关于运动提高老年人跌倒效能的相关文献,检索时限为建库至2025-08-15。结局指标为国际版跌倒效能量表(FES-I)、Berg平衡量表(BBS)、计时起立-行走测试(TUGT)。采用Cochrane偏倚评估工具进行文献质量评价,采用Stata 18.0软件进行网状Meta分析,采用累积概率排名曲线下面积(SUCRA)对不同方案的效果进行排名。结果共纳入35项研究,包括2627例研究对象、13种运动方式。在跌倒效能方面,奥塔戈(MD=8.94,95%CI=3.51~14.38)、太极拳(MD=9.24,95%CI=4.96~13.51)、方步运动(MD=8.60,95%CI=2.56~14.64)、普拉提(MD=6.86,95%CI=1.19~12.53)的效果优于常规护理组(P<0.05),太极拳成为最佳干预措施的可能性最大(SUCRA=81.2)。在平衡功能方面,奥塔戈(MD=3.87,95%CI=2.71~5.02)、太极拳(MD=3.87,95%CI=1.71~6.03)、抗阻+平衡训练(MD=3.26,95%CI=0.53~6.00)的效果优于常规护理组(P<0.05),奥塔戈成为最佳干预措施的可能性最大(SUCRA=68.1)。在移动能力方面,奥塔戈(MD=3.90,95%CI=2.77~5.04)、太极拳(MD=4.44,95%CI=3.50~5.39)、八段锦(MD=2.25,95%CI=1.47~3.02)、八卦掌(MD=2.35,95%CI=1.26~3.43)、步态平衡操(MD=3.60,95%CI=2.15~5.05)的效果优于常规护理组(P<0.05),太极拳成为最佳干预措施的可能性最大(SUCRA=95.0)。结论太极拳、奥塔戈运动在改善老年人跌倒效能、平衡功能、移动能力方面效果较好。临床医护人员应结合老年人健康状况及需求,合理选择运动方式,以提高老年人跌倒效能,有效预防跌倒,促进患者健康。未来仍需进一步开展更多高质量的研究以验证此结论。
文摘Dear Editor,We read with a great interest the recently published systematic review by Shamsikhani and Hosseini titled,“Foot reflexology on nausea and vomiting:A systematic review.”[1]While the authors provided a comprehensive qualitative synthesis of six studies meeting their inclusion criteria,we believe that additional quantitative analysis would strengthen the evidence base for foot reflexology in managing nausea and vomiting.We conducted a complementary meta-analysis to provide quantitative evidence supporting the qualitative findings presented in the systematic review.
文摘We sincerely thank the authors of the commentary1 for their thoughtful analysis and constructive critique of our systematic review on ischemic preconditioning(IPC)and placebo effects in exercise capacity and athletic performance.2Their attention to methodological details,particularly concerning the inclusion and timing of warm-up protocols across studies,is commendable and contributes meaningfully to the ongoing refinement of IPC research in sports science.
基金supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation(grant numbers 193381 and 189498)the US National Institutes of Health(the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development,the National Cancer Institute,the National Institute of Mental Health,the National Institute on Drug Abuse,the National Heart,Lung,and Blood Institute,the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism,the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and the Fogarty International Center)(grant numbers U01AI069924 and 1K43TW012840-01).
文摘To the editor:“A recent systematic review shows that the risk of death by suicide is 100 times higher in people living with HIV than in the general population”—World Health Organization,2022 The estimate that the risk of suicide is 100-fold higher in people with HIV(PWH)than in the general population is widely cited,including in the World Health Organization’s(WHO’s)World Mental Health report from which the above quote is taken.1 This figure originates from a systematic review and meta-analysis by Pelton and colleagues,who estimated the‘lifetime incidence’of suicide among PWH2 and directly compared this measure to the WHO’s annual global suicide mortality rate.
文摘We highly commend Dr Souza et al.1for their systematic review research.The authors conducted a detailed investigation into the effects of ischemic preconditioning(IPC)on athletic performance,comparing it with placebo and no-intervention conditions.The study found that while IPC demonstrated superior effects over the no-intervention group in certain metrics(e.g.,time to exhaustion),its performance did not significantly surpass that of the placebo group.This suggests that the potential benefits of IPC may partially stem from participants’psychological expectations,or placebo effects.The study also highlighted the significant impact of placebo interventions on athletic performance,emphasizing the importance of distinguishing between placebo and no-intervention conditions in experimental designs.
基金Supported by Key Project of Jiangsu Provincial Health(ZD2022052).
文摘BACKGROUND Upper gastrointestinal cancer(UGIC),including esophageal and gastric cancers,poses a major global health challenge due to its high morbidity and mortality.During the preoperative period,patients often face functional decline,malnutrition,and psychological stress,which can impair recovery.Prehabilitation,a multidisciplinary preoperative intervention,shows promise in optimizing patients'physical and mental status.AIM To evaluate the impact of prehabilitation on patients undergoing UGIC surgery and provide a basis for implementation of the prehabilitation compound plan.METHODS A computerized search of databases including Web of Science,PubMed,EMBASE,The Cochrane Library,Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang,and Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database was used to collect clinical trials on the impact of prehabilitation on patients undergoing UGIC surgery.After screening,a meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.0 software,and linear regression analysis was performed on the prehabilitation duration and outcome indicators.RESULTS A total of 13 clinical trials were ultimately included,with 8 literature quality evaluations at A level and 5 literature quality evaluations at B level.The meta-analysis results showed that compared with conventional nursing,the prehabilitation group had higher six-minute walk distance,lower postoperative complications and mortality rates,and shorter hospital stays,with statistically significant differences;there were no statistically significant differences in intensive care unit monitoring time and albumin levels between the two groups;regression analysis between prehabilitation duration and outcome indicators showed no significant relationship.CONCLUSION Prehabilitation can improve the perioperative functional ability of patients with UGIC and promote postoperative recovery,but its impact on nutrition,psychology,and quality of life needs to be further explored through more high-quality trials;in addition,further research is needed on the prehabilitation time,location,and specific plan.
