Shenqi Wuweizi tablet is a Chinese medicine preparation mainly composed of Codonopsis pilosula, Astragalus membranaceus, Kadsura longipedunculata and Ziziphus jujube with many curative effects. The maximum tolerance d...Shenqi Wuweizi tablet is a Chinese medicine preparation mainly composed of Codonopsis pilosula, Astragalus membranaceus, Kadsura longipedunculata and Ziziphus jujube with many curative effects. The maximum tolerance dose of Shenqi Wuweizi tablet in mice was studied, and its acute toxicity in mice was ex- plored. The results showed that Shenqi Wuweizi tablet did not cause the death of mice at the maximum dosage and mice did not show toxic reaction, so it could be used in livestock production and clinical veterinary treatment. The study provided a theoretical basis for application of Shenqi Wuweizi tablet in livestock production and clinical veterinary medication safety.展开更多
The primary goal of a phase I clinical trial is to find the maximum tolerable dose of a treatment. In this paper, we propose a new stepwise method based on confidence bound and information incorporation to determine t...The primary goal of a phase I clinical trial is to find the maximum tolerable dose of a treatment. In this paper, we propose a new stepwise method based on confidence bound and information incorporation to determine the maximum tolerable dose among given dose levels. On the one hand, in order to avoid severe even fatal toxicity to occur and reduce the experimental subjects, the new method is executed from the lowest dose level, and then goes on in a stepwise fashion. On the other hand, in order to improve the accuracy of the recommendation, the final recommendation of the maximum tolerable dose is accomplished through the information incorporation of an additional experimental cohort at the same dose level. Furthermore, empirical simulation results show that the new method has some real advantages in comparison with the modified continual reassessment method.展开更多
Objective The aim of this study was to define the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and observe the toxicity of escalating topotecan combined whole brain radiotherapy for brain metastasis in lung cancer.
Allowable levels for pesticide residues in foods, known as tolerances in the US and as maximum residue limits （MRLs） in much of the world, are widely yet inappropriately perceived as levels of safety concern. A nove...Allowable levels for pesticide residues in foods, known as tolerances in the US and as maximum residue limits （MRLs） in much of the world, are widely yet inappropriately perceived as levels of safety concern. A novel approach to develop scientifically defensible levels of safety concern is presented and an example to determine acute and chronic pesticide food safety standard （PFSS） levels for the fungicide captan on strawberries is provided. Using this approach, the chronic PFSS level for captan on strawberries was determined to be 2 000 mg kg-1 and the acute PFSS level was determined to be 250 mg kg-1. Both levels are far above the existing tolerance and MRLs that commonly range from 3 to 20 mg kg-~, and provide evidence that captan residues detected at levels greater than the tolerance or MRLs are not of acute or chronic health concern even though they represent violative residues. The benefits of developing the PFSS approach to serve as a companion to existing tolerances/MRLs include a greater understanding concerning the health significance, if any, from exposure to violative pesticide residues. In addition, the PFSS approach can be universally applied to all potential pesticide residues on all food commodities, can be modified by specific jurisdictions to take into account differences in food consumption practices, and can help prioritize food residue monitoring by identifying the pesticide/commodity combinations of the greatest potential food safety concern and guiding development of field level analytical methods to detect pesticide residues on prioritized pesticide/commodity combinations.展开更多
Background: Chronic kidney disease patients are at a greater risk for nephropathy requiring dialysis after percutaneous coronary intervention. Such patients are usually deferred due to fear of “Renalism”.?Objectives...Background: Chronic kidney disease patients are at a greater risk for nephropathy requiring dialysis after percutaneous coronary intervention. Such patients are usually deferred due to fear of “Renalism”.?Objectives This study assesses the outcome of Low dose contrast protocol during PCI in CKD patients whose e-GFR 60 ml/min/1.72 m and investigates a safety margin for contrast use in these high-risk categories.?Methods: Patients were into three groups according to CV/e-GFR ratio: Group (A) low-dose: CV/e-GFR ratio 2.0 Group (B) medium-dose: CV/e-GFR ratio > 2.0 and × bodyweight\s.creatinine). Group (C) high-dose: CV/e-GFR ratio > MACD. Results: A total of 73 patients were enrolled. Average age was 54 ± 8 years,81.4% were male and 18.6% were females and 52% were diabetic. Mean baseline e-GFR was 40 ± 8.0 ml/min/1.73m2. Contrast Volume used in group A was (58.26 ± 15.05) (n = 24), in group B (109.42 ± 17.11) (n = 26) and in group C (304.5 ± 60.30) (n = 23), respectively. The incidences of CI-AKI in the 3 groups were 0%, 11.5% and 35%, respectively (p = 0.02). All-cause death 0%, 17% and introduction of maintenance hemo dialysis was 0%, 11.5% and 26%, respectively (p Conclusion: Low dose contrast protocol is safe, effective and easily applicable technique without CI-AKI or death.展开更多
Maximum Likelihood (MLH) supervised classification of atmospherically corrected Landsat 8 imagery was applied successfully for delineating main geologic units with a good accuracy (about 90%) according to reliable gro...Maximum Likelihood (MLH) supervised classification of atmospherically corrected Landsat 8 imagery was applied successfully for delineating main geologic units with a good accuracy (about 90%) according to reliable ground truth areas, which reflected the ability of remote sensing data in mapping poorly-accessed and remote regions such as playa (Sabkha) environs, subdued topography and sand dunes. Ground gamma-ray spectrometric survey was to delineate radioactive anomalies within Quaternary sediments at Wadi Diit. The mean absorbed dose rate (D), annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) and external hazard index (H<sub>ex</sub>) were found to be within the average worldwide ranges. Therefore, Wadi Diit environment is said to be radiological hazard safe except at the black-sand lens whose absorbed dose rate of 100.77 nGy/h exceeds the world average. So, the inhabitants will receive a relatively high radioactive dose generated mainly by monazite and zircon minerals from black-sand lens.展开更多
基金Supported by"Veterinary Biological Technology"Innovation Team Project of Colleges and Universities in Tianjin(TD12-5019)Teaching Reform Project of Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center at Tianjin Agricultural University(2015SY102)+2 种基金Innovative Team Training Program Fund of Colleges and Universities in Tianjin(TNTD2015015)Science and Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Agricultural University(2013N09)Innovative Entre-preneurial Training Program of College Students(201510061166)
文摘Shenqi Wuweizi tablet is a Chinese medicine preparation mainly composed of Codonopsis pilosula, Astragalus membranaceus, Kadsura longipedunculata and Ziziphus jujube with many curative effects. The maximum tolerance dose of Shenqi Wuweizi tablet in mice was studied, and its acute toxicity in mice was ex- plored. The results showed that Shenqi Wuweizi tablet did not cause the death of mice at the maximum dosage and mice did not show toxic reaction, so it could be used in livestock production and clinical veterinary treatment. The study provided a theoretical basis for application of Shenqi Wuweizi tablet in livestock production and clinical veterinary medication safety.
文摘The primary goal of a phase I clinical trial is to find the maximum tolerable dose of a treatment. In this paper, we propose a new stepwise method based on confidence bound and information incorporation to determine the maximum tolerable dose among given dose levels. On the one hand, in order to avoid severe even fatal toxicity to occur and reduce the experimental subjects, the new method is executed from the lowest dose level, and then goes on in a stepwise fashion. On the other hand, in order to improve the accuracy of the recommendation, the final recommendation of the maximum tolerable dose is accomplished through the information incorporation of an additional experimental cohort at the same dose level. Furthermore, empirical simulation results show that the new method has some real advantages in comparison with the modified continual reassessment method.
文摘Objective The aim of this study was to define the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and observe the toxicity of escalating topotecan combined whole brain radiotherapy for brain metastasis in lung cancer.
基金the Chilean Government and the National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICYT) for supporting this work through the Becas Chile Scholarships
文摘Allowable levels for pesticide residues in foods, known as tolerances in the US and as maximum residue limits （MRLs） in much of the world, are widely yet inappropriately perceived as levels of safety concern. A novel approach to develop scientifically defensible levels of safety concern is presented and an example to determine acute and chronic pesticide food safety standard （PFSS） levels for the fungicide captan on strawberries is provided. Using this approach, the chronic PFSS level for captan on strawberries was determined to be 2 000 mg kg-1 and the acute PFSS level was determined to be 250 mg kg-1. Both levels are far above the existing tolerance and MRLs that commonly range from 3 to 20 mg kg-~, and provide evidence that captan residues detected at levels greater than the tolerance or MRLs are not of acute or chronic health concern even though they represent violative residues. The benefits of developing the PFSS approach to serve as a companion to existing tolerances/MRLs include a greater understanding concerning the health significance, if any, from exposure to violative pesticide residues. In addition, the PFSS approach can be universally applied to all potential pesticide residues on all food commodities, can be modified by specific jurisdictions to take into account differences in food consumption practices, and can help prioritize food residue monitoring by identifying the pesticide/commodity combinations of the greatest potential food safety concern and guiding development of field level analytical methods to detect pesticide residues on prioritized pesticide/commodity combinations.
文摘Background: Chronic kidney disease patients are at a greater risk for nephropathy requiring dialysis after percutaneous coronary intervention. Such patients are usually deferred due to fear of “Renalism”.?Objectives This study assesses the outcome of Low dose contrast protocol during PCI in CKD patients whose e-GFR 60 ml/min/1.72 m and investigates a safety margin for contrast use in these high-risk categories.?Methods: Patients were into three groups according to CV/e-GFR ratio: Group (A) low-dose: CV/e-GFR ratio 2.0 Group (B) medium-dose: CV/e-GFR ratio > 2.0 and × bodyweight\s.creatinine). Group (C) high-dose: CV/e-GFR ratio > MACD. Results: A total of 73 patients were enrolled. Average age was 54 ± 8 years,81.4% were male and 18.6% were females and 52% were diabetic. Mean baseline e-GFR was 40 ± 8.0 ml/min/1.73m2. Contrast Volume used in group A was (58.26 ± 15.05) (n = 24), in group B (109.42 ± 17.11) (n = 26) and in group C (304.5 ± 60.30) (n = 23), respectively. The incidences of CI-AKI in the 3 groups were 0%, 11.5% and 35%, respectively (p = 0.02). All-cause death 0%, 17% and introduction of maintenance hemo dialysis was 0%, 11.5% and 26%, respectively (p Conclusion: Low dose contrast protocol is safe, effective and easily applicable technique without CI-AKI or death.
文摘Maximum Likelihood (MLH) supervised classification of atmospherically corrected Landsat 8 imagery was applied successfully for delineating main geologic units with a good accuracy (about 90%) according to reliable ground truth areas, which reflected the ability of remote sensing data in mapping poorly-accessed and remote regions such as playa (Sabkha) environs, subdued topography and sand dunes. Ground gamma-ray spectrometric survey was to delineate radioactive anomalies within Quaternary sediments at Wadi Diit. The mean absorbed dose rate (D), annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) and external hazard index (H<sub>ex</sub>) were found to be within the average worldwide ranges. Therefore, Wadi Diit environment is said to be radiological hazard safe except at the black-sand lens whose absorbed dose rate of 100.77 nGy/h exceeds the world average. So, the inhabitants will receive a relatively high radioactive dose generated mainly by monazite and zircon minerals from black-sand lens.
