It is very important in accurately estimating the forests＇ carbon stock and spatial distribution in the regional scale because they possess a great rate in the carbon stock of the terrestrial ecosystem. Yet the curre...It is very important in accurately estimating the forests＇ carbon stock and spatial distribution in the regional scale because they possess a great rate in the carbon stock of the terrestrial ecosystem. Yet the current estimation of forest carbon stock in the regional scale mainly depends on the forest inventory data, and the whole process consumes too much labor, money and time. And meanwhile it has many negative influences on the forest carbon storage updating. In order to figure out these problems, this paper, based on High Accuracy Surface Modeling （HASM）, proposes a forest vegetation carbon storage simulation method. This new method employs the output of LPJ-GUESS model as initial values of HASM and uses the inventory data as sample points of HASM to simulate the distribution of forest carbon storage in China. This study also adopts the seventh forest resources statistics of China as the data source to generate sample points, and it also works as the simulation accuracy test. The HASM simulation shows that the total forest carbon storage of China is 9.2405 Pg, while the calculated value based on forest resources statistics are 7.8115 Pg. The forest resources statistics is taken based on a forest canopy closure, and the result of HASM is much more suitable to the real forest carbon storage. The simulation result also indicates that the southwestern mountain region and the northeastern forests are the important forest carbon reservoirs in China, and they account for 39.82% and 20.46% of the country＇s total forest vegetation carbon stock respectively. Compared with the former value （1975-1995）, it mani- fests that the carbon storage of the two regions do increase clearly. The results of this re- search show that the large-scale reforestation in the last decades in China attains a signifi- cant carbon sink.展开更多
准确理解地质历史时期气候变化的现象和机制,对预测未来气候变化有重要的启示意义。末次间冰期早期是研究未来气候变化可参考的典型暖期。目前,基于气候模式模拟的末次间冰期早期温度低于气候记录重建的结果。这一现状的一个潜在原因在...准确理解地质历史时期气候变化的现象和机制,对预测未来气候变化有重要的启示意义。末次间冰期早期是研究未来气候变化可参考的典型暖期。目前,基于气候模式模拟的末次间冰期早期温度低于气候记录重建的结果。这一现状的一个潜在原因在于,这些气候模拟研究中采用的植被数据为工业革命前水平,忽略了植被动态对气候的反馈作用。本研究利用iLOVECLIM气候模式耦合植被模块VECODE和LPJ-GUESS开展末次间冰期早期(125 ka B. P.)植被动态对气候反馈作用的模拟分析。模拟结果显示,相比基于工业革命前植被条件模拟得到的温度水平,耦合动态植被模拟的全球气候更温暖,但仍略低于记录重建的温度。在大陆/亚大陆尺度,高纬和北非地区模拟的125 ka B. P.植被覆盖度明显高于工业革命前水平,增温幅度也显著高于其他地区;此外,末次间冰期早期北非植被覆盖对区域气温的正反馈通过增强的大气环流使低纬地区输送到高纬地区热量增加,从而表现出对全球气温的正反馈作用。展开更多
生态恢复能够通过增强陆地碳固存有效降低大气CO_(2)浓度。然而,迄今为止,对于实际陆地生态系统在生态恢复过程中随时间增加的碳固存量及其对水资源消耗的影响关注较少,同时也缺乏对未来生态恢复下碳固存与水资源消耗权衡的时空格局影...生态恢复能够通过增强陆地碳固存有效降低大气CO_(2)浓度。然而,迄今为止,对于实际陆地生态系统在生态恢复过程中随时间增加的碳固存量及其对水资源消耗的影响关注较少,同时也缺乏对未来生态恢复下碳固存与水资源消耗权衡的时空格局影响的研究。本研究采用经过校准的动态植被模型,模拟了全球陆地生态恢复在时间序列中可恢复的碳固存及其相应的耗水量。全球评估表明:在SSP119-SSP585情景下,自2025年起开展全球陆地生态恢复,到2100年可额外固碳1.6-2.5 PgC yr^(-1),同时相应的耗水量为4566-4812 km^(3) yr^(-1)。在国家尺度上,生态恢复在不同程度上有助于实现国家自主贡献以及《巴黎协定》1.5℃的减排目标。此外,所提出的恢复框架包括恢复区域与恢复顺序,以及在不同气候情景下提供了以最低水资源消耗实现减排目标的国家尺度恢复路径,并以巴西为例进行了验证。这些发现强调了在实施生态恢复时考虑碳固存与水资源消耗权衡的重要性,尤其是在水资源匮乏的国家,水密集型的恢复项目可能会进一步加剧水资源短缺问题。展开更多
Ecological restoration can effectively reduce atmospheric CO_(2) concentrations by enhancing terrestrial carbon sequestration.However,little attention has been paid to the increase in carbon sequestration from ecologi...Ecological restoration can effectively reduce atmospheric CO_(2) concentrations by enhancing terrestrial carbon sequestration.However,little attention has been paid to the increase in carbon sequestration from ecological restoration of actual terrestrial ecosystems over time and its impact on water consumption,as well as to the influence of future ecological restoration on the spatial and temporal patterns of carbon sequestration and water consumption trade-offs.In this study,we employed a calibrated dynamic vegetation model to simulate recoverable carbon sequestration and the corresponding water consumption resulting from ecological restoration in global terrestrial ecosystems over a time series.Our global assessment shows that global terrestrial ecological restoration starting in 2025 could sequester an additional 1.6-2.5 PgC yr^(-1) by 2100 under SSP119-SSP585 scenarios,with corresponding water consumption of 4566-4812 km^(3) yr^(-1).At the national scale,ecological restoration contributes to varying degrees toward achieving the Nationally Determined Contributions and the Paris Agreement's 1.5℃ emission reduction targets.Additionally,the proposed restoration framework incorporates both restoration areas and sequences,and national-scale restoration pathways to achieve emission reduction targets with minimal water consumption under different climate scenarios,as demonstrated in the case of Brazil.These findings highlight the importance of considering the trade-offs between carbon sequestration and water consumption when implementing ecological restoration,especially in water-scarce countries,where water-intensive restoration projects may exacerbate water resource shortages.展开更多
基金National High-tech R&D Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China,No.2013AA122003National Key Technologies R&D Program of the Ministry of Science and Tech-nology of China,No.2013BACO3B05
文摘It is very important in accurately estimating the forests＇ carbon stock and spatial distribution in the regional scale because they possess a great rate in the carbon stock of the terrestrial ecosystem. Yet the current estimation of forest carbon stock in the regional scale mainly depends on the forest inventory data, and the whole process consumes too much labor, money and time. And meanwhile it has many negative influences on the forest carbon storage updating. In order to figure out these problems, this paper, based on High Accuracy Surface Modeling （HASM）, proposes a forest vegetation carbon storage simulation method. This new method employs the output of LPJ-GUESS model as initial values of HASM and uses the inventory data as sample points of HASM to simulate the distribution of forest carbon storage in China. This study also adopts the seventh forest resources statistics of China as the data source to generate sample points, and it also works as the simulation accuracy test. The HASM simulation shows that the total forest carbon storage of China is 9.2405 Pg, while the calculated value based on forest resources statistics are 7.8115 Pg. The forest resources statistics is taken based on a forest canopy closure, and the result of HASM is much more suitable to the real forest carbon storage. The simulation result also indicates that the southwestern mountain region and the northeastern forests are the important forest carbon reservoirs in China, and they account for 39.82% and 20.46% of the country＇s total forest vegetation carbon stock respectively. Compared with the former value （1975-1995）, it mani- fests that the carbon storage of the two regions do increase clearly. The results of this re- search show that the large-scale reforestation in the last decades in China attains a signifi- cant carbon sink.
文摘准确理解地质历史时期气候变化的现象和机制,对预测未来气候变化有重要的启示意义。末次间冰期早期是研究未来气候变化可参考的典型暖期。目前,基于气候模式模拟的末次间冰期早期温度低于气候记录重建的结果。这一现状的一个潜在原因在于,这些气候模拟研究中采用的植被数据为工业革命前水平,忽略了植被动态对气候的反馈作用。本研究利用iLOVECLIM气候模式耦合植被模块VECODE和LPJ-GUESS开展末次间冰期早期(125 ka B. P.)植被动态对气候反馈作用的模拟分析。模拟结果显示,相比基于工业革命前植被条件模拟得到的温度水平,耦合动态植被模拟的全球气候更温暖,但仍略低于记录重建的温度。在大陆/亚大陆尺度,高纬和北非地区模拟的125 ka B. P.植被覆盖度明显高于工业革命前水平,增温幅度也显著高于其他地区;此外,末次间冰期早期北非植被覆盖对区域气温的正反馈通过增强的大气环流使低纬地区输送到高纬地区热量增加,从而表现出对全球气温的正反馈作用。
文摘生态恢复能够通过增强陆地碳固存有效降低大气CO_(2)浓度。然而,迄今为止,对于实际陆地生态系统在生态恢复过程中随时间增加的碳固存量及其对水资源消耗的影响关注较少,同时也缺乏对未来生态恢复下碳固存与水资源消耗权衡的时空格局影响的研究。本研究采用经过校准的动态植被模型,模拟了全球陆地生态恢复在时间序列中可恢复的碳固存及其相应的耗水量。全球评估表明:在SSP119-SSP585情景下,自2025年起开展全球陆地生态恢复,到2100年可额外固碳1.6-2.5 PgC yr^(-1),同时相应的耗水量为4566-4812 km^(3) yr^(-1)。在国家尺度上,生态恢复在不同程度上有助于实现国家自主贡献以及《巴黎协定》1.5℃的减排目标。此外,所提出的恢复框架包括恢复区域与恢复顺序,以及在不同气候情景下提供了以最低水资源消耗实现减排目标的国家尺度恢复路径,并以巴西为例进行了验证。这些发现强调了在实施生态恢复时考虑碳固存与水资源消耗权衡的重要性,尤其是在水资源匮乏的国家,水密集型的恢复项目可能会进一步加剧水资源短缺问题。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U2243226, 42401338&42077451)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(Grant No.2022QZKK0101)。
文摘Ecological restoration can effectively reduce atmospheric CO_(2) concentrations by enhancing terrestrial carbon sequestration.However,little attention has been paid to the increase in carbon sequestration from ecological restoration of actual terrestrial ecosystems over time and its impact on water consumption,as well as to the influence of future ecological restoration on the spatial and temporal patterns of carbon sequestration and water consumption trade-offs.In this study,we employed a calibrated dynamic vegetation model to simulate recoverable carbon sequestration and the corresponding water consumption resulting from ecological restoration in global terrestrial ecosystems over a time series.Our global assessment shows that global terrestrial ecological restoration starting in 2025 could sequester an additional 1.6-2.5 PgC yr^(-1) by 2100 under SSP119-SSP585 scenarios,with corresponding water consumption of 4566-4812 km^(3) yr^(-1).At the national scale,ecological restoration contributes to varying degrees toward achieving the Nationally Determined Contributions and the Paris Agreement's 1.5℃ emission reduction targets.Additionally,the proposed restoration framework incorporates both restoration areas and sequences,and national-scale restoration pathways to achieve emission reduction targets with minimal water consumption under different climate scenarios,as demonstrated in the case of Brazil.These findings highlight the importance of considering the trade-offs between carbon sequestration and water consumption when implementing ecological restoration,especially in water-scarce countries,where water-intensive restoration projects may exacerbate water resource shortages.
