详细解读道达尔GS EP PLR 205标准的主要内容。分析认为,与API Spec 5L标准相比,GS EP PLR205标准对化学成分要求更严,提出了偏析控制的要求;对性能如纵横向拉伸、冲击、硬度、氢致开裂和硫化物应力腐蚀开裂和应变时效等要求做了规定;...详细解读道达尔GS EP PLR 205标准的主要内容。分析认为,与API Spec 5L标准相比,GS EP PLR205标准对化学成分要求更严,提出了偏析控制的要求;对性能如纵横向拉伸、冲击、硬度、氢致开裂和硫化物应力腐蚀开裂和应变时效等要求做了规定;尺寸偏差特别是对管端内径、内径不圆度要求更严;对探伤检验的人员资质、校样要求和探伤方式进行了详细规定。解读GS EP PLR 205标准有利于制造商对标一线要求,寻找差距,改进工艺和控制能力,为进入国际高端市场做准备。展开更多
Grain shape is an important trait affecting yield and quality(Ren et al.2023).Indica and japonica rice have differences in quality and yield-related traits,including grain shape.Indica rice generally has a slender gra...Grain shape is an important trait affecting yield and quality(Ren et al.2023).Indica and japonica rice have differences in quality and yield-related traits,including grain shape.Indica rice generally has a slender grain that decreases the head rice rate and yield loss,while japonica has shorter and wider grains with high yield(Jiang et al.2022).However,grain shape and chalkiness are often correlated.Grain width is a significant factor influencing grain filling.Wider grain is often accompanied by more chalkiness,whereas slender grains can optimize grain-filling pathways,reducing the chalkiness without yield loss.展开更多
Rice grain size is a primary characteristic essential for artificial domestication and breeding,governed by grain length,width,and thickness.In this study,we cloned Grain Size 10(GS10),a novel gene via mapbased clonin...Rice grain size is a primary characteristic essential for artificial domestication and breeding,governed by grain length,width,and thickness.In this study,we cloned Grain Size 10(GS10),a novel gene via mapbased cloning.Biochemical,molecular,and genetic studies were performed to elucidate the GS10 involved grain size mechanism in rice.Mutant of GS10 lead to reduced grain size due to alterations in cell expansion.Additionally,GS10 is responsible for the formation of notched-belly grains,especially in smaller grain varieties possessing loss-function mutations.Overexpression of GS10 in Nipponbare results in increasing grain length,grain weight and improve the appearance quality of rice.GS10 encodes conserved protein with uncharacterized function.Furthermore,GS10 regulates the grain size by interacting OsBRICK1,a subunit of the WAVE complex that governs actin nucleation and affects the assembly of microfilaments in rice.Together,our study demonstrates that,GS10 positively regulates the grain length and grain weight,which is beneficial for further improvements in yield characteristics.展开更多
Elucidating crops'physiological and molecular mechanisms to adapt to low nitrogen environment and promoting nitrogen transfer from senescent leaves to new leaves is crucial in improving Brassica's nitrogen use...Elucidating crops'physiological and molecular mechanisms to adapt to low nitrogen environment and promoting nitrogen transfer from senescent leaves to new leaves is crucial in improving Brassica's nitrogen use efficiency(NUE).Glutamine synthetase gene(GS)plays a vital role in helping plants reassimilate ammonium released from protein degradation in leaves,and it was the focus of our research on this topic.In this study,we identified high(H141)and low(L65)NUE genotypes of Brassica juncea with different responses to low-nitrogen stress.We found that H141 has a lower nitrate content but higher ammonium and free amino acid contents as well as higher nitrate reductase and GS activities in the shoots.These physiological indicators are responsible for the high NUE of H141.Wholegenome resequencing data revealed that 5,880 genes associated with NUE are polymorphic between H141 and L65.These genes participate in various amino acid,carbohydrate,and energy metabolic pathways.Haplotype analysis revealed two haplotypes for BjuB05.GS1.4,Hap1 and Hap2,which have multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms or insertions/deletions in the regulatory regions of the 5′and 3′untranslated regions and introns.Furthermore,the shoot NUE of Hap1 is significantly lower than that of Hap2.These two haplotypes of BjuB05.GS1.4 lead to differences in the shoot NUEs of different genetic populations of mustard and are associated with the local soil nitrogen content,suggesting that they might help mustard to adapt to different geographic localities.In conclusion,the results of our study shed light on the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying different mustard NUE genotypes and demonstrate the enormous potential of NUE breeding in B.juncea.展开更多
文摘详细解读道达尔GS EP PLR 205标准的主要内容。分析认为,与API Spec 5L标准相比,GS EP PLR205标准对化学成分要求更严,提出了偏析控制的要求;对性能如纵横向拉伸、冲击、硬度、氢致开裂和硫化物应力腐蚀开裂和应变时效等要求做了规定;尺寸偏差特别是对管端内径、内径不圆度要求更严;对探伤检验的人员资质、校样要求和探伤方式进行了详细规定。解读GS EP PLR 205标准有利于制造商对标一线要求,寻找差距,改进工艺和控制能力,为进入国际高端市场做准备。
基金supported by grants from the Government of Jiangsu Province,China(BE2023331,JBGS[2021]001,23KJA210001,BE2021334,BM2022008-02,KYCX23_3575)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971914)。
文摘Grain shape is an important trait affecting yield and quality(Ren et al.2023).Indica and japonica rice have differences in quality and yield-related traits,including grain shape.Indica rice generally has a slender grain that decreases the head rice rate and yield loss,while japonica has shorter and wider grains with high yield(Jiang et al.2022).However,grain shape and chalkiness are often correlated.Grain width is a significant factor influencing grain filling.Wider grain is often accompanied by more chalkiness,whereas slender grains can optimize grain-filling pathways,reducing the chalkiness without yield loss.
基金supported by Projects of International Cooperation NSFC(31961143016,31101203)Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects(QKHJC-ZK[2022]YB537)+4 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds of Central Public Welfare Research Institutions(CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202102,Y2020YJ17)Independent Project of State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology(2020Z2KT10201)High-quality and Resistant Hybrid Rice Germplasm Creation and New Varieties Development with International Competitiveness(2022KJCX45,YBXM2437)Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Projects(2022R51009)Inner Mongolia Breeding Joint Research Project(YZ2023004).
文摘Rice grain size is a primary characteristic essential for artificial domestication and breeding,governed by grain length,width,and thickness.In this study,we cloned Grain Size 10(GS10),a novel gene via mapbased cloning.Biochemical,molecular,and genetic studies were performed to elucidate the GS10 involved grain size mechanism in rice.Mutant of GS10 lead to reduced grain size due to alterations in cell expansion.Additionally,GS10 is responsible for the formation of notched-belly grains,especially in smaller grain varieties possessing loss-function mutations.Overexpression of GS10 in Nipponbare results in increasing grain length,grain weight and improve the appearance quality of rice.GS10 encodes conserved protein with uncharacterized function.Furthermore,GS10 regulates the grain size by interacting OsBRICK1,a subunit of the WAVE complex that governs actin nucleation and affects the assembly of microfilaments in rice.Together,our study demonstrates that,GS10 positively regulates the grain length and grain weight,which is beneficial for further improvements in yield characteristics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20236,32072664)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(2022RC3053,2021JC0001,2021RC3086,2022NK2009)+1 种基金the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-01-30)the Innovation Foundation for Graduate of Hunan Agricultural University,China(2023XC116)。
文摘Elucidating crops'physiological and molecular mechanisms to adapt to low nitrogen environment and promoting nitrogen transfer from senescent leaves to new leaves is crucial in improving Brassica's nitrogen use efficiency(NUE).Glutamine synthetase gene(GS)plays a vital role in helping plants reassimilate ammonium released from protein degradation in leaves,and it was the focus of our research on this topic.In this study,we identified high(H141)and low(L65)NUE genotypes of Brassica juncea with different responses to low-nitrogen stress.We found that H141 has a lower nitrate content but higher ammonium and free amino acid contents as well as higher nitrate reductase and GS activities in the shoots.These physiological indicators are responsible for the high NUE of H141.Wholegenome resequencing data revealed that 5,880 genes associated with NUE are polymorphic between H141 and L65.These genes participate in various amino acid,carbohydrate,and energy metabolic pathways.Haplotype analysis revealed two haplotypes for BjuB05.GS1.4,Hap1 and Hap2,which have multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms or insertions/deletions in the regulatory regions of the 5′and 3′untranslated regions and introns.Furthermore,the shoot NUE of Hap1 is significantly lower than that of Hap2.These two haplotypes of BjuB05.GS1.4 lead to differences in the shoot NUEs of different genetic populations of mustard and are associated with the local soil nitrogen content,suggesting that they might help mustard to adapt to different geographic localities.In conclusion,the results of our study shed light on the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying different mustard NUE genotypes and demonstrate the enormous potential of NUE breeding in B.juncea.
