This was a cohort study of in vitro fertilization(IVF)subjects at the University of Utah,Salt Lake City(UT,USA)utilizing partner sperm.Cycles where both the hamster egg penetration test(HEPT)and semen analysis were pe...This was a cohort study of in vitro fertilization(IVF)subjects at the University of Utah,Salt Lake City(UT,USA)utilizing partner sperm.Cycles where both the hamster egg penetration test(HEPT)and semen analysis were performed within 2 years prior to IVF cycles were stratified into four groups based on a normal or an abnormal HEPT and morphology.The mean conventional and intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)fertilization rates were calculated in each group.We performed a univariate analysis on the primary outcome comparing clinically interesting subjects.We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis of a policy of HEPT versus universal ICSI in couples with an abnormal morphology.Among patients with a normal HEPT,there was no difference in the mean conventional fertilization rates between those with a normal and an abnormal morphology.There was no difference in the mean conventional fertilization rates between subjects with a normal morphology without a hamster test and those with a normal HEPT without a morphology assessment.In 1000 simulated cycles with an abnormal morphology,a policy of HEPT was cost saving compared to universal ICSI,yet produced similar fertilization rates.The HEPT is similar to the World Health Organization edition 5(WHO-5)morphology in predicting successful conventional fertilization while allowing decreased utilization of ICSI.A policy of HEPT for males with abnormal morphology saves cost in selecting couples for a fertilization method.展开更多
This study assesses the effectiveness of using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(M)and compost applied alone or in combination(vs.conventional chemical fertilizer application(NPK))on tomato resistance to vascular wilt caus...This study assesses the effectiveness of using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(M)and compost applied alone or in combination(vs.conventional chemical fertilizer application(NPK))on tomato resistance to vascular wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae.In this study,ten treatments were applied:(1)Control(2)M:Rhizophagus irregularis(3)C:Compost(4)MC:The combination of M and compost(5)NPK:conventional chemical fertilizer(6)V:plants infected with V.dahliae(7)MV:plants infected with a conidial suspension of V.dahliae and M,(8)CV:The combination of compost and V.dahliae,(9)MCV:The combination of M,compost and V.dahliae,(10)VNPK:V.dahliae and NPK.The combination of biostimulants reduced disease severity and incidence,as well as the leaf alteration index compared to control plants(V).However,the area under the disease progress curve(AUDPC)and final mean severity(FMS)were reduced by 37%and 46%respectively by the application of the combination of M,compost and V.dahliae(MCV)compared to the V control.Additionally,the MCV treatment showed the greatest increment in protein content(152.6%),in TSS content(54.6%),and CV increased proline content by 46.6%.Furthermore,MCV also protected the photosynthetic apparatus from pathogeninduced oxidative stress and reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde(MDA)and hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes,such as polyphenol oxidase(PPO)(215.03%),ascorbate peroxidase(APX)(74.73%)and peroxidase activity(POX)(101.91%).MC also enhanced superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities by 166.19%compared to their controls(V).M alone or in combination with compost,remains a favourable interaction for suppressing plant diseases and improving antioxidant defense systems.展开更多
The behaviour of nanofertilizers(NFs)in plant-soil systems can differ from that of conventional chemical fertilizers due to their peculiar chemical-physical properties.Their effectiveness is still poorly understood.In...The behaviour of nanofertilizers(NFs)in plant-soil systems can differ from that of conventional chemical fertilizers due to their peculiar chemical-physical properties.Their effectiveness is still poorly understood.In this study,we evaluated the P fertilization potential of a novel nanosized FePO4NF(FePNF)in a plant-soil microcosm in a pot experiment.The efficacies of FePNF and a conventional P fertilizer(triple superphosphate,TSP)in sustaining the growth of cucumber plants were evaluated.Plants were grown for 28 d on a P-deficient soil,and determinations were made of plant growth parameters,mineral nutrient concentrations in plant tissues,P availability in soil,activities of soil enzymes involved in C,N,P,and S mineralization,and soil microbial community structure.No significant differences were found in plant dry weight,leaf area,chlorophyll content,or root growth between the FePNF and TSP treatments.Conversely,P availability in soil and P concentration in plant tissues at the end of the plant growth period were significantly higher after TSP fertilization compared to FePNF fertilization,whereas no significant differences were observed for other nutrients.Among the measured soil enzyme activities,there were no significant differences in the activities of soil acid phosphatase,β-glucosidase,and arylsulfatase between the FePNF and TSP treatments,while soil alkaline phosphatase activity was higher in the TSP treatment than in the FePNF treatment and the protease activity was higher in the FePNF treatment than in the TSP treatment.The FePNF and TSP treatments showed significant differences in soil archaeal,bacterial,and fungal community structures,although the microbial community profiles generally clustered closer to each other in the two treatments.We concluded that FePNF can be an efficient alternative to the conventional P fertilizer TSP.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of gel-based controlled release fertilizers （CRFs） on agronomic characteristics and physiological indices of corn. [Method] Pot experiment was carried out to i...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of gel-based controlled release fertilizers （CRFs） on agronomic characteristics and physiological indices of corn. [Method] Pot experiment was carried out to investigate the agronomic characteristics and physiological indices of corn fertilized with controlled release fertilizers compared with conventional fertilizer （CF）. [Result] Plant height, stem girth, leaf area and root volume of corn were significantly increased under the CRF treatments; photosynthetic rate and soluble protein content were also improved. Dry matter accumulations under the two CRF treatments were increased by 21.3% and 17.0% compared with CF application at one time （CF1）, and 19.6% and 15.4% with CF application at two times （CF2）, respectively. Accumulation amounts of N, P and K in whole plant under the two CRF treatments were increased by 44.0% -24.7% , 40.0%-25.9% and 20.1% -13.9% ; and the nutrient use efficiencies of N, P and K were improved by 22.9% -13.4% , 11.2% -9.6% and 17.5% -12.1% , respectively. [Conclusion] The results implied that the CRFs could significantly improve nutrient use efficiency and plant yield.展开更多
文摘This was a cohort study of in vitro fertilization(IVF)subjects at the University of Utah,Salt Lake City(UT,USA)utilizing partner sperm.Cycles where both the hamster egg penetration test(HEPT)and semen analysis were performed within 2 years prior to IVF cycles were stratified into four groups based on a normal or an abnormal HEPT and morphology.The mean conventional and intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)fertilization rates were calculated in each group.We performed a univariate analysis on the primary outcome comparing clinically interesting subjects.We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis of a policy of HEPT versus universal ICSI in couples with an abnormal morphology.Among patients with a normal HEPT,there was no difference in the mean conventional fertilization rates between those with a normal and an abnormal morphology.There was no difference in the mean conventional fertilization rates between subjects with a normal morphology without a hamster test and those with a normal HEPT without a morphology assessment.In 1000 simulated cycles with an abnormal morphology,a policy of HEPT was cost saving compared to universal ICSI,yet produced similar fertilization rates.The HEPT is similar to the World Health Organization edition 5(WHO-5)morphology in predicting successful conventional fertilization while allowing decreased utilization of ICSI.A policy of HEPT for males with abnormal morphology saves cost in selecting couples for a fertilization method.
文摘This study assesses the effectiveness of using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(M)and compost applied alone or in combination(vs.conventional chemical fertilizer application(NPK))on tomato resistance to vascular wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae.In this study,ten treatments were applied:(1)Control(2)M:Rhizophagus irregularis(3)C:Compost(4)MC:The combination of M and compost(5)NPK:conventional chemical fertilizer(6)V:plants infected with V.dahliae(7)MV:plants infected with a conidial suspension of V.dahliae and M,(8)CV:The combination of compost and V.dahliae,(9)MCV:The combination of M,compost and V.dahliae,(10)VNPK:V.dahliae and NPK.The combination of biostimulants reduced disease severity and incidence,as well as the leaf alteration index compared to control plants(V).However,the area under the disease progress curve(AUDPC)and final mean severity(FMS)were reduced by 37%and 46%respectively by the application of the combination of M,compost and V.dahliae(MCV)compared to the V control.Additionally,the MCV treatment showed the greatest increment in protein content(152.6%),in TSS content(54.6%),and CV increased proline content by 46.6%.Furthermore,MCV also protected the photosynthetic apparatus from pathogeninduced oxidative stress and reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde(MDA)and hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes,such as polyphenol oxidase(PPO)(215.03%),ascorbate peroxidase(APX)(74.73%)and peroxidase activity(POX)(101.91%).MC also enhanced superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities by 166.19%compared to their controls(V).M alone or in combination with compost,remains a favourable interaction for suppressing plant diseases and improving antioxidant defense systems.
基金supported by the Joint Project 2016 and the Joint Project 2019,developed by the University of Verona and Fabbrica Cooperativa Perfosfati Cerea,Italy。
文摘The behaviour of nanofertilizers(NFs)in plant-soil systems can differ from that of conventional chemical fertilizers due to their peculiar chemical-physical properties.Their effectiveness is still poorly understood.In this study,we evaluated the P fertilization potential of a novel nanosized FePO4NF(FePNF)in a plant-soil microcosm in a pot experiment.The efficacies of FePNF and a conventional P fertilizer(triple superphosphate,TSP)in sustaining the growth of cucumber plants were evaluated.Plants were grown for 28 d on a P-deficient soil,and determinations were made of plant growth parameters,mineral nutrient concentrations in plant tissues,P availability in soil,activities of soil enzymes involved in C,N,P,and S mineralization,and soil microbial community structure.No significant differences were found in plant dry weight,leaf area,chlorophyll content,or root growth between the FePNF and TSP treatments.Conversely,P availability in soil and P concentration in plant tissues at the end of the plant growth period were significantly higher after TSP fertilization compared to FePNF fertilization,whereas no significant differences were observed for other nutrients.Among the measured soil enzyme activities,there were no significant differences in the activities of soil acid phosphatase,β-glucosidase,and arylsulfatase between the FePNF and TSP treatments,while soil alkaline phosphatase activity was higher in the TSP treatment than in the FePNF treatment and the protease activity was higher in the FePNF treatment than in the TSP treatment.The FePNF and TSP treatments showed significant differences in soil archaeal,bacterial,and fungal community structures,although the microbial community profiles generally clustered closer to each other in the two treatments.We concluded that FePNF can be an efficient alternative to the conventional P fertilizer TSP.
基金Supported by the Effect and Mechanism of Gel-based Controlled Release Fertilizers on Controlling the Nutrient Loss in Soil Erosion (10501-291)Research and Demonstration of New Special Fertilizer for Seawater Fishes and Shellfish (2012-931)+1 种基金Key Techniques and Demonstration of Tobacco Controlled Release Fertilizer Industrialization (2012-045)Research and Application of Gel-based Controlled Release Fertilizers (2002N002)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of gel-based controlled release fertilizers （CRFs） on agronomic characteristics and physiological indices of corn. [Method] Pot experiment was carried out to investigate the agronomic characteristics and physiological indices of corn fertilized with controlled release fertilizers compared with conventional fertilizer （CF）. [Result] Plant height, stem girth, leaf area and root volume of corn were significantly increased under the CRF treatments; photosynthetic rate and soluble protein content were also improved. Dry matter accumulations under the two CRF treatments were increased by 21.3% and 17.0% compared with CF application at one time （CF1）, and 19.6% and 15.4% with CF application at two times （CF2）, respectively. Accumulation amounts of N, P and K in whole plant under the two CRF treatments were increased by 44.0% -24.7% , 40.0%-25.9% and 20.1% -13.9% ; and the nutrient use efficiencies of N, P and K were improved by 22.9% -13.4% , 11.2% -9.6% and 17.5% -12.1% , respectively. [Conclusion] The results implied that the CRFs could significantly improve nutrient use efficiency and plant yield.
