摘要
This study assesses the effectiveness of using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(M)and compost applied alone or in combination(vs.conventional chemical fertilizer application(NPK))on tomato resistance to vascular wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae.In this study,ten treatments were applied:(1)Control(2)M:Rhizophagus irregularis(3)C:Compost(4)MC:The combination of M and compost(5)NPK:conventional chemical fertilizer(6)V:plants infected with V.dahliae(7)MV:plants infected with a conidial suspension of V.dahliae and M,(8)CV:The combination of compost and V.dahliae,(9)MCV:The combination of M,compost and V.dahliae,(10)VNPK:V.dahliae and NPK.The combination of biostimulants reduced disease severity and incidence,as well as the leaf alteration index compared to control plants(V).However,the area under the disease progress curve(AUDPC)and final mean severity(FMS)were reduced by 37%and 46%respectively by the application of the combination of M,compost and V.dahliae(MCV)compared to the V control.Additionally,the MCV treatment showed the greatest increment in protein content(152.6%),in TSS content(54.6%),and CV increased proline content by 46.6%.Furthermore,MCV also protected the photosynthetic apparatus from pathogeninduced oxidative stress and reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde(MDA)and hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes,such as polyphenol oxidase(PPO)(215.03%),ascorbate peroxidase(APX)(74.73%)and peroxidase activity(POX)(101.91%).MC also enhanced superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities by 166.19%compared to their controls(V).M alone or in combination with compost,remains a favourable interaction for suppressing plant diseases and improving antioxidant defense systems.
