目的观察血压正常大鼠和自发性高血压大鼠全脑缺血后海马区CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白同源蛋白(CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein,CHOP)的表达变化,探讨其在高血压加重脑缺血神经损伤中的作用。方法分别取血压正常大鼠和...目的观察血压正常大鼠和自发性高血压大鼠全脑缺血后海马区CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白同源蛋白(CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein,CHOP)的表达变化,探讨其在高血压加重脑缺血神经损伤中的作用。方法分别取血压正常大鼠和自发性高血压大鼠,应用改良的Pulsineli 4血管阻断(4-VO)法制作全脑缺血再灌注模型。分别在脑缺血6、24、48h应用HE染色观察海马区神经细胞形态变化、免疫组织化学法和免疫印迹法检测海马区CHOP表达;在48h应用八臂迷宫检测动物行为学的变化。结果与血压正常脑缺血组比较,高血压脑缺血组各时间点存活神经细胞数量减少,6h和24hCHOP表达增多,48h减少;八臂迷宫检测动物总错误次数、参考记忆错误次数和工作记忆错误次数增多。结论高血压可加重脑缺血后神经损伤,其机制与加重CHOP表达增加有关。展开更多
Computer assisted audit techniques （CAATs） are audit technologies that allow auditors to perform their audit work efficiently and effectively. However, little is known about CAATs adoption process by audit firms. Th...Computer assisted audit techniques （CAATs） are audit technologies that allow auditors to perform their audit work efficiently and effectively. However, little is known about CAATs adoption process by audit firms. Therefore, this paper adapts the technology readiness theory （TRI）, the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology （UTAUT） and the technology-organization environment （TOE） framework and Denison organizational culture theory, and presents a new theory of unified technology readiness and cultural-technological-organizational-environmental model （UTR-CTOE）, to explain CAATs adoption at both individual level and firm level. The methodology used in the study consists of a random sampling among the auditors through the administration of questionnaire. A total of 581 auditors registered with Mauritius Institute of Professional Accountants （MIPA） respond to the survey. Our main findings of this paper confirm that the relation between beliefs, such as perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, facilitating condition and social influence, and motivation is positively correlated, while beliefs have a negative correlation with inhibition towards CAATs adoption. Results also indicate that firm＇s decision for CAATs adoption is positively influenced by cultural, technological, organizational, and environmental factors. Furthermore, there is an indirect impact of firm＇s internal and external influences on auditors＇ adoption of CAATs.展开更多
目的探讨CAAT增强子结合蛋白同源蛋白(CHOP)、海马葡萄糖调节蛋白78(GRP78)和caspase-12在蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)后的表达及其在早期脑损伤(EBI)中的作用。方法选取健康雄性SD大鼠78只,采用随机数字表法将其分为空白对照组(6只)、假手术组...目的探讨CAAT增强子结合蛋白同源蛋白(CHOP)、海马葡萄糖调节蛋白78(GRP78)和caspase-12在蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)后的表达及其在早期脑损伤(EBI)中的作用。方法选取健康雄性SD大鼠78只,采用随机数字表法将其分为空白对照组(6只)、假手术组(36只)与SAH组(36只)。将假手术组和SAH组分别于1、6、12、24、48、72h,采用简单随机抽样法选取6只大鼠,神经功能缺陷评分后处死。比较各组不同时间点光镜及电镜下大鼠海马神经元形态改变、CHOP、GRP78、caspase-12相对表达水平、海马神经元凋亡细胞水平、脑水肿严重程度及神经功能缺陷评分情况。结果通过Western blot法检测CHOP、GRP78和caspase-12的表达,SAH组与空白对照组、假手术组在12、24、48、72h比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且在SAH后24h达到峰值。TUNEL法检测大鼠海马区神经元凋亡显示,SAH组与对照组、假手术组在6、12、24、48、72h比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),在电镜下,SAH后24h节点可见明显的神经元凋亡。SAH组12、24、48、72h的神经功能缺陷评分及脑水肿程度明显重于空白对照组及假手术组,在24h达高峰,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。SAH组大鼠的CHOP、GRP78和caspase-12 Western blot法检测结果与脑水肿严重程度及神经元凋亡结果之间呈极显著正相关,与神经功能缺陷评分呈极显著负相关(P<0.05)。结论 SAH后72h内确实造成了EBI,同时发生了内质网应激,内质网应激与EBI严重程度之间均呈正相关,揭示内质网应激在SAH后EBI的病理过程中发挥了重要作用。展开更多
文摘目的观察血压正常大鼠和自发性高血压大鼠全脑缺血后海马区CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白同源蛋白(CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein,CHOP)的表达变化,探讨其在高血压加重脑缺血神经损伤中的作用。方法分别取血压正常大鼠和自发性高血压大鼠,应用改良的Pulsineli 4血管阻断(4-VO)法制作全脑缺血再灌注模型。分别在脑缺血6、24、48h应用HE染色观察海马区神经细胞形态变化、免疫组织化学法和免疫印迹法检测海马区CHOP表达;在48h应用八臂迷宫检测动物行为学的变化。结果与血压正常脑缺血组比较,高血压脑缺血组各时间点存活神经细胞数量减少,6h和24hCHOP表达增多,48h减少;八臂迷宫检测动物总错误次数、参考记忆错误次数和工作记忆错误次数增多。结论高血压可加重脑缺血后神经损伤,其机制与加重CHOP表达增加有关。
文摘Computer assisted audit techniques （CAATs） are audit technologies that allow auditors to perform their audit work efficiently and effectively. However, little is known about CAATs adoption process by audit firms. Therefore, this paper adapts the technology readiness theory （TRI）, the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology （UTAUT） and the technology-organization environment （TOE） framework and Denison organizational culture theory, and presents a new theory of unified technology readiness and cultural-technological-organizational-environmental model （UTR-CTOE）, to explain CAATs adoption at both individual level and firm level. The methodology used in the study consists of a random sampling among the auditors through the administration of questionnaire. A total of 581 auditors registered with Mauritius Institute of Professional Accountants （MIPA） respond to the survey. Our main findings of this paper confirm that the relation between beliefs, such as perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, facilitating condition and social influence, and motivation is positively correlated, while beliefs have a negative correlation with inhibition towards CAATs adoption. Results also indicate that firm＇s decision for CAATs adoption is positively influenced by cultural, technological, organizational, and environmental factors. Furthermore, there is an indirect impact of firm＇s internal and external influences on auditors＇ adoption of CAATs.
文摘目的探讨CAAT增强子结合蛋白同源蛋白(CHOP)、海马葡萄糖调节蛋白78(GRP78)和caspase-12在蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)后的表达及其在早期脑损伤(EBI)中的作用。方法选取健康雄性SD大鼠78只,采用随机数字表法将其分为空白对照组(6只)、假手术组(36只)与SAH组(36只)。将假手术组和SAH组分别于1、6、12、24、48、72h,采用简单随机抽样法选取6只大鼠,神经功能缺陷评分后处死。比较各组不同时间点光镜及电镜下大鼠海马神经元形态改变、CHOP、GRP78、caspase-12相对表达水平、海马神经元凋亡细胞水平、脑水肿严重程度及神经功能缺陷评分情况。结果通过Western blot法检测CHOP、GRP78和caspase-12的表达,SAH组与空白对照组、假手术组在12、24、48、72h比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且在SAH后24h达到峰值。TUNEL法检测大鼠海马区神经元凋亡显示,SAH组与对照组、假手术组在6、12、24、48、72h比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),在电镜下,SAH后24h节点可见明显的神经元凋亡。SAH组12、24、48、72h的神经功能缺陷评分及脑水肿程度明显重于空白对照组及假手术组,在24h达高峰,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。SAH组大鼠的CHOP、GRP78和caspase-12 Western blot法检测结果与脑水肿严重程度及神经元凋亡结果之间呈极显著正相关,与神经功能缺陷评分呈极显著负相关(P<0.05)。结论 SAH后72h内确实造成了EBI,同时发生了内质网应激,内质网应激与EBI严重程度之间均呈正相关,揭示内质网应激在SAH后EBI的病理过程中发挥了重要作用。
