郑麦103是一个高抗条锈病的小麦新品种,为明确其携带的抗病基因,用郑麦103与感条锈病品种农大399杂交构建分离群体,用条锈菌CYR32、CYR33和CRY34(V26)混合菌系进行田间接种和成株期抗性鉴定,对214个F2:3家系的条锈病抗性进行遗传分析,...郑麦103是一个高抗条锈病的小麦新品种,为明确其携带的抗病基因,用郑麦103与感条锈病品种农大399杂交构建分离群体,用条锈菌CYR32、CYR33和CRY34(V26)混合菌系进行田间接种和成株期抗性鉴定,对214个F2:3家系的条锈病抗性进行遗传分析,初步确定郑麦103的抗条锈性由单个主效基因控制,定名为Yr ZM103。通过BSR-Seq技术开发了6个与Yr ZM103紧密连锁的分子标记,将Yr ZM103定位于染色体臂7BL分子标记ZM215和ZM221之间,遗传距离分别为11.8 c M和6.9 c M。利用7BL染色体上与其他已知抗条锈病基因紧密连锁的分子标记进行比较作图,发现Yr ZM103是不同于7BL末端其他抗条锈病基因的新基因。展开更多
Stripe rust(yellow rust), caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici(PST),is one of the most devastating fungal diseases in common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) in China and worldwide. Resistance breeding is the most...Stripe rust(yellow rust), caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici(PST),is one of the most devastating fungal diseases in common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) in China and worldwide. Resistance breeding is the most effective strategy to control diseases in crop plants. Chinese wheat lines Mengmai 58 and Huaiyang 1 are highly resistant to PST race CYR34(V26) at the adult plant stage. To genetically map the underlying resistance genes we developed segregating populations by crossing Mengmai 58 and Huaiyang 1 with the susceptible cultivar Nongda 399. The stripe rust resistances in Mengmai 58 and Huaiyang 1 were both controlled by single dominant genes, provisionally designated YrMM58 and YrHY1, respectively. Bulked segregant RNA-Seq(BSR-Seq) analysis showed that YrMM58 and YrHY1 were located in the same distal ~16 Mb region on chromosome 2 AS.Comparative genomics analysis with the physical map of Aegilops tauschii proved useful for developing additional markers to saturate the genetic linkage map. YrMM58 and YrHY1 were mapped to the distal end of chromosome arm 2 AS, with the closest marker WGGB148 being 7.7 cM and 3.8 cM from the resistance gene, which was considered to be Yr17. These markers can be used in marker-assisted selection.展开更多
Powdery mildew of wheat is a destructive disease seriously threatening yield and quality worldwide.Comprehensive dissection of new resistance-related loci/genes is necessary to control this disease.LS5082 is a Chinese...Powdery mildew of wheat is a destructive disease seriously threatening yield and quality worldwide.Comprehensive dissection of new resistance-related loci/genes is necessary to control this disease.LS5082 is a Chinese wheat breeding line with resistance to powdery mildew.Genetic analysis,using the populations of LS5082 and three susceptible parents(Shannong 29,Shimai 22 and Huixianhong),indicated that a single dominant gene,tentatively designated PmLS5082,conferred seedling resistance to different Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici(Bgt)isolates.Bulked segregant RNA-Seq was carried out to map PmLS5082 and to profile differentially expressed genes associated with PmLS5082.PmLS5082 was mapped to a 0.7 cM genetic interval on chromosome arm 2BL,which was aligned to a 0.7 Mb physical interval of 710.3–711.0 Mb.PmLS5082 differs from the known powdery mildew(Pm)resistance genes on chromosome arm 2BL based on their origin,chromosome positions and/or resistance spectrum,suggesting PmLS5082 is most likely a new Pm gene/allele.Through clusters of orthologous groups and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analyses,differentially expressed genes(DEGs)associated with PmLS5082 were profiled.Six DEGs in the PmLS5082 interval were confirmed to be associated with PmLS5082 via qPCR analysis,using an additional set of wheat samples and time-course analysis postinoculation with Bgt isolate E09.Ten closely linked markers,including two kompetitive allele-specific PCR markers,were confirmed to be suitable for marker-assisted selection of PmLS5082 in different genetic backgrounds,thus can be used to detect PmLS5082 and pyramid it with other genes in breeding programs.展开更多
Weeping species are used both as ornamental plants and for breeding dwarf plant types.However,exploration of casual genes controlling weeping traits is rather limited.Here,we identified individuals with contrasting ph...Weeping species are used both as ornamental plants and for breeding dwarf plant types.However,exploration of casual genes controlling weeping traits is rather limited.Here,we identified individuals with contrasting phenotypes from an Fx bi-parental mapping population of Prunus mume which was developed from a cross between the upright cultivar/Liuban,and the weeping cultivar'Fentai Chuizhi'.Bulked segregant RNA sequencing was used and five QTLs on chromosome 7 were identified.The Pm024074(PmilGT72B3)allele,belonging to the UDP-glycosyltransferase superfamily containing the coniferyl-alcohol glucosyltransferase domain,was identified in a genomic region overlapping with a previously identified QTL;and had a synonymous transition of T66(upright)to C(weeping)in the coding sequence and a 470-bp deletion in the promoter region.Pm024074 had exceptionally high expression in buds and stems of weeping P.mume.Weighted correlation network analysis indicates that genes neighboring Pm024074 were significantly associated with plant architecture.In addition,a reliable single nucleotide polymorphism marker was developed based on the variation in the Pm024074 gene,providing precise marker-assisted breeding for weeping traits.This study provides insights into the genetic mechanism governing the weeping trait in P.mume,and indicates potential applications for the manipulation of tree architecture.展开更多
Watermelon is a highly cultivated fruit crop renowned for its quality properties of fruit flesh.Among various quality factors,fruit flesh firmness is a crucial quality parameter influencing the fruit texture,shelf lif...Watermelon is a highly cultivated fruit crop renowned for its quality properties of fruit flesh.Among various quality factors,fruit flesh firmness is a crucial quality parameter influencing the fruit texture,shelf life and its commercial value.The auxin/indole-3-acetic acid(Aux/IAA)plays a significant role in fruit development and ripening of non-climacteric fruits.However,the regulatory mechanism of Aux/IAA in controlling fruit flesh firmness and ripening in watermelon remains unknown.In this study,we employed an integrative approach combining genome-wide association study(GWAS)and bulked segregant RNA-Seq analysis(BSR-Seq)to identify an overlapping candidate region between 12776310 and 12968331 bp on chromosome 6,underlying an auxin-responsive gene(Aux/IAA)associated with flesh firmness in watermelon.Transcriptome analysis,followed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR(qRT-PCR),confirmed that the expression of Aux/IAA was consistently higher in fruits with high flesh firmness.The sequence alignment revealed a single base mutation in the coding region of Aux/IAA.Furthermore,the concomitant Kompetitive/Competitive allele-specific PCR(KASP)genotyping data sets for F2 population and germplasm accessions identified Aux/IAA as a strong candidate gene associated with flesh firmness.Aux/IAA was enriched in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway,involving cell enlargement and leading to low flesh firmness.We determined the higher accumulation of abscisic acid(ABA)in fruits with low flesh firmness than hard flesh.Moreover,overexpression of Aux/IAA induced higher flesh firmness with an increased number of fruit flesh cells while reducing ABA content and flesh cell sizes.Additionally,the allelic variation in Aux/IAA for soft flesh firmness was found to exist in Citrullus mucosospermus and gradually fixed into Citrullus lanatus during domestication,indicating that soft flesh firmness was a domesticated trait.These findings significantly enhanced our understanding of watermelon fruit flesh firmness and consequently the watermelon fruit quality.展开更多
In a wheat breeding line XQ-0508 showing consistent resistance to powdery mildew disease,a recessive gene,designated PmXQ-0508,was identified and mapped to a distal region on chromosome arm 2BS.Of three resistance-ass...In a wheat breeding line XQ-0508 showing consistent resistance to powdery mildew disease,a recessive gene,designated PmXQ-0508,was identified and mapped to a distal region on chromosome arm 2BS.Of three resistance-associated genes in this region,one encoding a protein kinase was selected as the primary candidate for PmXQ-0508.Ten closely linked DNA markers developed in the study could be used for marker-assisted selection for powdery-mildew resistance in breeding programs.展开更多
Genic male sterility(GMS) is one of the most important resources for exploiting heterosis in crop breeding, so that identifying genomic loci regulating GMS is desirable. However, many regulatory genes controlling GMS ...Genic male sterility(GMS) is one of the most important resources for exploiting heterosis in crop breeding, so that identifying genomic loci regulating GMS is desirable. However, many regulatory genes controlling GMS have not yet been characterized in maize, owing partly to a lack of genetic materials. We generated a recessive male-sterile maize mutant in the Jing 724 genetic background via ethyl methanesulfonate treatment, and found the male sterility to be due to a single gene mutation. Bulk-segregant RNA sequencing of three replicates indicated that one genomic region located at the end of chromosome 4 was associated with the observed mutant phenotype. Among genes with nonsynonymous mutations,Zm00001 d053895(bHLH51) showed abolished expression in the sterile bulks and was annotated as a bHLH transcription factor orthologous to Arabidopsis AMS, suggesting an association with the male sterility of the mutant. Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR assays further validated the exclusive correlation of male sterility with the single C-to-T mutation in the fifth exon. The new maize mutant and the potential SNP locus provide novel genetic material for investigating the molecular mechanism underlying tapetal development and may facilitate the improvement of hybrid production systems.展开更多
Fruit cracking occurs easily during the late period of fruit development when plants encounter an unsuitable environment,dramatically affecting fruit production and marketing.This study conducted the bulked segregant ...Fruit cracking occurs easily during the late period of fruit development when plants encounter an unsuitable environment,dramatically affecting fruit production and marketing.This study conducted the bulked segregant RNA-Seq(BSR)to identify the key regulatory gene of fruit cracking in tomatoes.BSR-Seq analysis illustrated that two regions associated with irregularly cracking were located on chromosomes 9 and 11,containing 127 candidate genes.Further,through differentially expression analysis and qRT-PCR in cracking-susceptible and cracking-resistant genotypes,the candidate gene SlGH9-15(Solyc09g010210)with significantly differential expression levels was screened.Bioinformatics analysis of the GH9 gene family revealed that 20 SlGH9 genes were divided into three groups.The phylogenetic analysis showed that SlGH9-15 was closely related to cell wall construction-associated genes AtGH9B1,AtGH9B6,OsGH9B1,and OsGH9B3.The cis-acting elements analysis revealed that Sl GH9-15 was activated by various hormones(ethylene and ABA)and abiotic stresses.The expression pattern indicated that 13 SlGH9 genes,especially SlGH9-15,were highly expressed in the cracking-susceptible genotype.Its expression level gradually increased during fruit development and achieved maximum value at the red ripe stage.Additionally,the cracking-susceptible tomato showed higher cellulase activity and lower cellulose content than the cracking-resistant tomato,particularly at the red ripe stage.This study identified SlGH9-15 as a key gene associated with fruit cracking in tomatoes for the first time and gives new insights for understanding the molecular mechanism and complex regulatory network of fruit cracking.展开更多
文摘郑麦103是一个高抗条锈病的小麦新品种,为明确其携带的抗病基因,用郑麦103与感条锈病品种农大399杂交构建分离群体,用条锈菌CYR32、CYR33和CRY34(V26)混合菌系进行田间接种和成株期抗性鉴定,对214个F2:3家系的条锈病抗性进行遗传分析,初步确定郑麦103的抗条锈性由单个主效基因控制,定名为Yr ZM103。通过BSR-Seq技术开发了6个与Yr ZM103紧密连锁的分子标记,将Yr ZM103定位于染色体臂7BL分子标记ZM215和ZM221之间,遗传距离分别为11.8 c M和6.9 c M。利用7BL染色体上与其他已知抗条锈病基因紧密连锁的分子标记进行比较作图,发现Yr ZM103是不同于7BL末端其他抗条锈病基因的新基因。
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0101802)
文摘Stripe rust(yellow rust), caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici(PST),is one of the most devastating fungal diseases in common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) in China and worldwide. Resistance breeding is the most effective strategy to control diseases in crop plants. Chinese wheat lines Mengmai 58 and Huaiyang 1 are highly resistant to PST race CYR34(V26) at the adult plant stage. To genetically map the underlying resistance genes we developed segregating populations by crossing Mengmai 58 and Huaiyang 1 with the susceptible cultivar Nongda 399. The stripe rust resistances in Mengmai 58 and Huaiyang 1 were both controlled by single dominant genes, provisionally designated YrMM58 and YrHY1, respectively. Bulked segregant RNA-Seq(BSR-Seq) analysis showed that YrMM58 and YrHY1 were located in the same distal ~16 Mb region on chromosome 2 AS.Comparative genomics analysis with the physical map of Aegilops tauschii proved useful for developing additional markers to saturate the genetic linkage map. YrMM58 and YrHY1 were mapped to the distal end of chromosome arm 2 AS, with the closest marker WGGB148 being 7.7 cM and 3.8 cM from the resistance gene, which was considered to be Yr17. These markers can be used in marker-assisted selection.
基金financially supported by ‘‘Double Hundred” Plan for Foreign Experts in Shandong Province, Chinafinancially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32072053, 31971874, and 32171990)+4 种基金Taishan Scholars Project (tsqn201812123)Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province (2020CXGC010805)Open Project Funding of the State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement (CX1130A0920014)State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering (PCCE-KF-2019-04)Iran National Science Foundation (INSF) Grant 99014038
文摘Powdery mildew of wheat is a destructive disease seriously threatening yield and quality worldwide.Comprehensive dissection of new resistance-related loci/genes is necessary to control this disease.LS5082 is a Chinese wheat breeding line with resistance to powdery mildew.Genetic analysis,using the populations of LS5082 and three susceptible parents(Shannong 29,Shimai 22 and Huixianhong),indicated that a single dominant gene,tentatively designated PmLS5082,conferred seedling resistance to different Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici(Bgt)isolates.Bulked segregant RNA-Seq was carried out to map PmLS5082 and to profile differentially expressed genes associated with PmLS5082.PmLS5082 was mapped to a 0.7 cM genetic interval on chromosome arm 2BL,which was aligned to a 0.7 Mb physical interval of 710.3–711.0 Mb.PmLS5082 differs from the known powdery mildew(Pm)resistance genes on chromosome arm 2BL based on their origin,chromosome positions and/or resistance spectrum,suggesting PmLS5082 is most likely a new Pm gene/allele.Through clusters of orthologous groups and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analyses,differentially expressed genes(DEGs)associated with PmLS5082 were profiled.Six DEGs in the PmLS5082 interval were confirmed to be associated with PmLS5082 via qPCR analysis,using an additional set of wheat samples and time-course analysis postinoculation with Bgt isolate E09.Ten closely linked markers,including two kompetitive allele-specific PCR markers,were confirmed to be suitable for marker-assisted selection of PmLS5082 in different genetic backgrounds,thus can be used to detect PmLS5082 and pyramid it with other genes in breeding programs.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD1000401)the program for Science and Technology of Beijing(Z181100002418006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870689)and the Special Fund for Beijing Common Construction Project.
文摘Weeping species are used both as ornamental plants and for breeding dwarf plant types.However,exploration of casual genes controlling weeping traits is rather limited.Here,we identified individuals with contrasting phenotypes from an Fx bi-parental mapping population of Prunus mume which was developed from a cross between the upright cultivar/Liuban,and the weeping cultivar'Fentai Chuizhi'.Bulked segregant RNA sequencing was used and five QTLs on chromosome 7 were identified.The Pm024074(PmilGT72B3)allele,belonging to the UDP-glycosyltransferase superfamily containing the coniferyl-alcohol glucosyltransferase domain,was identified in a genomic region overlapping with a previously identified QTL;and had a synonymous transition of T66(upright)to C(weeping)in the coding sequence and a 470-bp deletion in the promoter region.Pm024074 had exceptionally high expression in buds and stems of weeping P.mume.Weighted correlation network analysis indicates that genes neighboring Pm024074 were significantly associated with plant architecture.In addition,a reliable single nucleotide polymorphism marker was developed based on the variation in the Pm024074 gene,providing precise marker-assisted breeding for weeping traits.This study provides insights into the genetic mechanism governing the weeping trait in P.mume,and indicates potential applications for the manipulation of tree architecture.
基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(Grant No.CAAS-ASTIP-2021-ZFRI)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(Grant No.CARS-25-03)+3 种基金National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31672178 and 31471893)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(Grant No.212300410312)the scientific and technological research in Henan Province(Grant No.202102110398)the key project of the Action of“Rejuvenating Mongolia with Science and Technology”(Grant No.NMKJXM202114).
文摘Watermelon is a highly cultivated fruit crop renowned for its quality properties of fruit flesh.Among various quality factors,fruit flesh firmness is a crucial quality parameter influencing the fruit texture,shelf life and its commercial value.The auxin/indole-3-acetic acid(Aux/IAA)plays a significant role in fruit development and ripening of non-climacteric fruits.However,the regulatory mechanism of Aux/IAA in controlling fruit flesh firmness and ripening in watermelon remains unknown.In this study,we employed an integrative approach combining genome-wide association study(GWAS)and bulked segregant RNA-Seq analysis(BSR-Seq)to identify an overlapping candidate region between 12776310 and 12968331 bp on chromosome 6,underlying an auxin-responsive gene(Aux/IAA)associated with flesh firmness in watermelon.Transcriptome analysis,followed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR(qRT-PCR),confirmed that the expression of Aux/IAA was consistently higher in fruits with high flesh firmness.The sequence alignment revealed a single base mutation in the coding region of Aux/IAA.Furthermore,the concomitant Kompetitive/Competitive allele-specific PCR(KASP)genotyping data sets for F2 population and germplasm accessions identified Aux/IAA as a strong candidate gene associated with flesh firmness.Aux/IAA was enriched in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway,involving cell enlargement and leading to low flesh firmness.We determined the higher accumulation of abscisic acid(ABA)in fruits with low flesh firmness than hard flesh.Moreover,overexpression of Aux/IAA induced higher flesh firmness with an increased number of fruit flesh cells while reducing ABA content and flesh cell sizes.Additionally,the allelic variation in Aux/IAA for soft flesh firmness was found to exist in Citrullus mucosospermus and gradually fixed into Citrullus lanatus during domestication,indicating that soft flesh firmness was a domesticated trait.These findings significantly enhanced our understanding of watermelon fruit flesh firmness and consequently the watermelon fruit quality.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072053,32301800,and 32301923)Wheat Industry Technology System of Shandong Province(SDAIT-01-01)the Key R&D Plan of Shandong Province(2022LZG002-4).
文摘In a wheat breeding line XQ-0508 showing consistent resistance to powdery mildew disease,a recessive gene,designated PmXQ-0508,was identified and mapped to a distal region on chromosome arm 2BS.Of three resistance-associated genes in this region,one encoding a protein kinase was selected as the primary candidate for PmXQ-0508.Ten closely linked DNA markers developed in the study could be used for marker-assisted selection for powdery-mildew resistance in breeding programs.
基金the project funding supported by the Beijing Nova Program(Z171100001117033)the Beijing Scholars Program(BSP041)the Youth Research Fund of BAAFS(QNJJ201931)。
文摘Genic male sterility(GMS) is one of the most important resources for exploiting heterosis in crop breeding, so that identifying genomic loci regulating GMS is desirable. However, many regulatory genes controlling GMS have not yet been characterized in maize, owing partly to a lack of genetic materials. We generated a recessive male-sterile maize mutant in the Jing 724 genetic background via ethyl methanesulfonate treatment, and found the male sterility to be due to a single gene mutation. Bulk-segregant RNA sequencing of three replicates indicated that one genomic region located at the end of chromosome 4 was associated with the observed mutant phenotype. Among genes with nonsynonymous mutations,Zm00001 d053895(bHLH51) showed abolished expression in the sterile bulks and was annotated as a bHLH transcription factor orthologous to Arabidopsis AMS, suggesting an association with the male sterility of the mutant. Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR assays further validated the exclusive correlation of male sterility with the single C-to-T mutation in the fifth exon. The new maize mutant and the potential SNP locus provide novel genetic material for investigating the molecular mechanism underlying tapetal development and may facilitate the improvement of hybrid production systems.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFD100190200)the Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund,China(CX(20)3101)a grant from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(KYZZ2022004)。
文摘Fruit cracking occurs easily during the late period of fruit development when plants encounter an unsuitable environment,dramatically affecting fruit production and marketing.This study conducted the bulked segregant RNA-Seq(BSR)to identify the key regulatory gene of fruit cracking in tomatoes.BSR-Seq analysis illustrated that two regions associated with irregularly cracking were located on chromosomes 9 and 11,containing 127 candidate genes.Further,through differentially expression analysis and qRT-PCR in cracking-susceptible and cracking-resistant genotypes,the candidate gene SlGH9-15(Solyc09g010210)with significantly differential expression levels was screened.Bioinformatics analysis of the GH9 gene family revealed that 20 SlGH9 genes were divided into three groups.The phylogenetic analysis showed that SlGH9-15 was closely related to cell wall construction-associated genes AtGH9B1,AtGH9B6,OsGH9B1,and OsGH9B3.The cis-acting elements analysis revealed that Sl GH9-15 was activated by various hormones(ethylene and ABA)and abiotic stresses.The expression pattern indicated that 13 SlGH9 genes,especially SlGH9-15,were highly expressed in the cracking-susceptible genotype.Its expression level gradually increased during fruit development and achieved maximum value at the red ripe stage.Additionally,the cracking-susceptible tomato showed higher cellulase activity and lower cellulose content than the cracking-resistant tomato,particularly at the red ripe stage.This study identified SlGH9-15 as a key gene associated with fruit cracking in tomatoes for the first time and gives new insights for understanding the molecular mechanism and complex regulatory network of fruit cracking.
