为探究南疆核桃适宜的地下滴灌灌溉制度,该研究于2023年和2024年在新疆阿克苏地区对树龄16 a的“温185”核桃进行试验,设置75%ET_(c)(ET_(c)为作物蒸发蒸腾量,W1)、100%ET_(c)(W2)、125%ET_(c)(W3)和150%ET_(c)(W4)4种灌水定额处理,构...为探究南疆核桃适宜的地下滴灌灌溉制度,该研究于2023年和2024年在新疆阿克苏地区对树龄16 a的“温185”核桃进行试验,设置75%ET_(c)(ET_(c)为作物蒸发蒸腾量,W1)、100%ET_(c)(W2)、125%ET_(c)(W3)和150%ET_(c)(W4)4种灌水定额处理,构建了基于AquaCrop模型和NSGA-II算法的核桃灌溉制度优化模型,以产量最大化,灌水量最小为目标函数对模型求解,通过利用优劣解距离法(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,TOPSIS)对最优解集进行评价,得到南疆地下滴灌核桃的最优灌溉制度。结果表明,适当增加灌水定额可以提高核桃产量,水分利用效率与灌溉水利用效率随灌水定额的增加而减少;AquaCrop模型模拟2 a冠层覆盖度的决定系数R2≥0.94,均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)和标准化均方根误差(normal1zed root mean square error,NRMSE)分别为3.01%~8.52%和5.02%~17.71%,Nash效率系数(Nash-Sutcliffe model effciency coefficient,EF)和拟合度指数(d)分别为0.57~0.89和0.90~0.99;模拟值与实测土壤含水率R2≥0.82,RMSE和NRMSE分别为9.02%~21.51%和4.31%~9.81%,EF和d分别为0.41~0.79和0.89~0.95;产量模拟值与实测值R2、RMSE、NRMSE、EF和d变化范围分别为0.89~0.95、114.57~178.73 kg/hm^(2)、0.04%~0.05%、0.14~0.48和0.86~0.88;AquaCrop模拟不同灌水场景模拟结果表明,方案T9灌溉定额为6500 m^(3)/hm^(2),灌水周期为7 d时产量最高达4080.34 kg/hm^(2);基于AquaCrop-NSGA-II算法的双目标优化模型优化结果显示,最佳灌水方案S7灌水周期为11 d,总灌溉量为3520.22 m^(3)/hm^(2),产量为4021.75 kg/hm^(2),与AquaCrop模型模拟得到的最大产量对应的灌水方案T9相比,产量仅下降了1.44%,但灌溉用水量减少了2979.78 m^(3)/hm^(2)。推荐南疆核桃地下滴灌灌溉周期为11 d,灌水次数为10次,灌溉定额为3520.22 m^(3)/hm^(2)。该研究构建的基于AquaCrop模型模拟及多目标优化算法可以用于优化南疆核桃地下滴灌灌溉制度。展开更多
Water is essential for agricultural production;however,climate change has exacerbated drought and water stress in arid and semi-arid areas such as Iran.Despite these challenges,irrigation water efficiency remains low,...Water is essential for agricultural production;however,climate change has exacerbated drought and water stress in arid and semi-arid areas such as Iran.Despite these challenges,irrigation water efficiency remains low,and current water management schemes are inadequate.Consequently,Iranian crops suffer from low water productivity,highlighting the urgent need for enhanced productivity and improved water management strategies.In this study,we investigated irrigation management conditions in the Hamidiyeh farm,Khuzestan Province,Iran and used the calibrated AquaCrop and WinSRFR(a surface irrigation simulation model)models to reflect these conditions.Subsequently,we examined different management scenarios using each model and evaluated the results from the second year.The findings demonstrated that combining simulation of the AquaCrop and WinSRFR models was highly effective and could be employed for irrigation management in the field.The AquaCrop model accurately simulated wheat yield in the first year,being 2.6 t/hm^(2),which closely aligned with the measured yield of 3.0 t/hm^(2).Additionally,using the WinSRFR model to adjust the length of existing borders from 200 to 180 m resulted in a 45.0%increase in efficiency during the second year.To enhance water use efficiency in the field,we recommended adopting borders with a length of 180 m,a width of 10 m,and a flow rate of 15 to 18 L/s.The AquaCrop and WinSRFR models accurately predicted border irrigation conditions,achieving the highest water use efficiency at a flow rate of 18 L/s.Combining these models increased farmers'average water consumption efficiency from 0.30 to 0.99 kg/m^(3)in the second year.Therefore,the results obtained from the AquaCrop and WinSRFR models are within a reasonable range and consistent with international recommendations.This adjustment is projected to improve the water use efficiency in the field by approximately 45.0%when utilizing the border irrigation method.Therefore,integrating these two models can provide comprehensive management solutions for regional farmers.展开更多
文摘为探究南疆核桃适宜的地下滴灌灌溉制度,该研究于2023年和2024年在新疆阿克苏地区对树龄16 a的“温185”核桃进行试验,设置75%ET_(c)(ET_(c)为作物蒸发蒸腾量,W1)、100%ET_(c)(W2)、125%ET_(c)(W3)和150%ET_(c)(W4)4种灌水定额处理,构建了基于AquaCrop模型和NSGA-II算法的核桃灌溉制度优化模型,以产量最大化,灌水量最小为目标函数对模型求解,通过利用优劣解距离法(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,TOPSIS)对最优解集进行评价,得到南疆地下滴灌核桃的最优灌溉制度。结果表明,适当增加灌水定额可以提高核桃产量,水分利用效率与灌溉水利用效率随灌水定额的增加而减少;AquaCrop模型模拟2 a冠层覆盖度的决定系数R2≥0.94,均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)和标准化均方根误差(normal1zed root mean square error,NRMSE)分别为3.01%~8.52%和5.02%~17.71%,Nash效率系数(Nash-Sutcliffe model effciency coefficient,EF)和拟合度指数(d)分别为0.57~0.89和0.90~0.99;模拟值与实测土壤含水率R2≥0.82,RMSE和NRMSE分别为9.02%~21.51%和4.31%~9.81%,EF和d分别为0.41~0.79和0.89~0.95;产量模拟值与实测值R2、RMSE、NRMSE、EF和d变化范围分别为0.89~0.95、114.57~178.73 kg/hm^(2)、0.04%~0.05%、0.14~0.48和0.86~0.88;AquaCrop模拟不同灌水场景模拟结果表明,方案T9灌溉定额为6500 m^(3)/hm^(2),灌水周期为7 d时产量最高达4080.34 kg/hm^(2);基于AquaCrop-NSGA-II算法的双目标优化模型优化结果显示,最佳灌水方案S7灌水周期为11 d,总灌溉量为3520.22 m^(3)/hm^(2),产量为4021.75 kg/hm^(2),与AquaCrop模型模拟得到的最大产量对应的灌水方案T9相比,产量仅下降了1.44%,但灌溉用水量减少了2979.78 m^(3)/hm^(2)。推荐南疆核桃地下滴灌灌溉周期为11 d,灌水次数为10次,灌溉定额为3520.22 m^(3)/hm^(2)。该研究构建的基于AquaCrop模型模拟及多目标优化算法可以用于优化南疆核桃地下滴灌灌溉制度。
基金The study was funded by the Soil and Water Research Institute of Iran.
文摘Water is essential for agricultural production;however,climate change has exacerbated drought and water stress in arid and semi-arid areas such as Iran.Despite these challenges,irrigation water efficiency remains low,and current water management schemes are inadequate.Consequently,Iranian crops suffer from low water productivity,highlighting the urgent need for enhanced productivity and improved water management strategies.In this study,we investigated irrigation management conditions in the Hamidiyeh farm,Khuzestan Province,Iran and used the calibrated AquaCrop and WinSRFR(a surface irrigation simulation model)models to reflect these conditions.Subsequently,we examined different management scenarios using each model and evaluated the results from the second year.The findings demonstrated that combining simulation of the AquaCrop and WinSRFR models was highly effective and could be employed for irrigation management in the field.The AquaCrop model accurately simulated wheat yield in the first year,being 2.6 t/hm^(2),which closely aligned with the measured yield of 3.0 t/hm^(2).Additionally,using the WinSRFR model to adjust the length of existing borders from 200 to 180 m resulted in a 45.0%increase in efficiency during the second year.To enhance water use efficiency in the field,we recommended adopting borders with a length of 180 m,a width of 10 m,and a flow rate of 15 to 18 L/s.The AquaCrop and WinSRFR models accurately predicted border irrigation conditions,achieving the highest water use efficiency at a flow rate of 18 L/s.Combining these models increased farmers'average water consumption efficiency from 0.30 to 0.99 kg/m^(3)in the second year.Therefore,the results obtained from the AquaCrop and WinSRFR models are within a reasonable range and consistent with international recommendations.This adjustment is projected to improve the water use efficiency in the field by approximately 45.0%when utilizing the border irrigation method.Therefore,integrating these two models can provide comprehensive management solutions for regional farmers.
