Background:Oral health issues persistently affect the overall health and well-being of rural populations.Village health volunteers(VHVs)play a crucial role in advancing oral health literacy in their community.This stu...Background:Oral health issues persistently affect the overall health and well-being of rural populations.Village health volunteers(VHVs)play a crucial role in advancing oral health literacy in their community.This study aimed to examine the factors related to nutritional literacy for oral health among VHVs.Methods:This was a mixed-methods study employing an explanatory sequential design.The quantitative data were gathered through questionnaires distributed to a cohort of 10,514 VHVs registered in Health Region 1.A stratified random sampling technique was used to ensure adequate representation of various subgroups within the VHV population,considering factors such as age,education level,and geographical distribution across the region.This approach allowed for a more representative sample that accurately reflects the diversity of the VHV population.Qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with a purposive sampling of 20 participants based on specific criteria.Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and biserial correlation techniques,while qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis.Results:The study found that the sample group possessed a moderate level of knowledge of health literacy principles and nutrition for oral health.However,their self-assessed skills in nutritional literacy for oral health were rated as high.A statistically significant negative correlation was found between knowledge of nutrition for oral health and skills in nutritional literacy for oral health.VHVs equated health literacy with knowledge because their public health training had focused more on imparting knowledge rather than developing skills based on health literacy principles.Conclusion:There is a need to emphasize skill-based health literacy training and to use effective skill development techniques that are tailored to the specific roles and responsibilities of health volunteers.It is also recommended to continuously monitor and evaluate the outcomes of these efforts.展开更多
Sports Medicine and Health Science(SMHS)has a short but impressive history.Following two diligent years of preplanning,SMHS was founded in 2019 by Co-Editors-in-Chief Dr.J.Larry Durstine and Dr.Quansheng Su.Dr.J.Larry...Sports Medicine and Health Science(SMHS)has a short but impressive history.Following two diligent years of preplanning,SMHS was founded in 2019 by Co-Editors-in-Chief Dr.J.Larry Durstine and Dr.Quansheng Su.Dr.J.Larry Durstine is retiring from his position on December 31,2025 and I am honored to accept the role of Editor-in-Chief(EIC)of SMHS along with Dr.Su.I want to begin my term as EIC by thanking Dr.J.Larry Durstine for his hard work and excellent editorial leadership during the first six years of journal operation.My job as the new EIC of SMHS will be to build on the already established excellence of the journal.展开更多
Objective:This review aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to equitable coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccine distribution in Nigeria using the consolidated framework for implementation research(CFIR).M...Objective:This review aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to equitable coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccine distribution in Nigeria using the consolidated framework for implementation research(CFIR).Methods:A comprehensive search strategy was applied across five databases—Web of Science,MEDLINE,EMBASE,CAB Direct,and CINAHL.The search,conducted as part of a scoping review,yielded 2,751 citations.Seven studies met the inclusion criteria after screening.Data were extracted and analyzed using CFIR constructs to identify key barriers and facilitators to equitable vaccine distribution.Results:Six barriers were identified:limited physical and socioeconomic access,bribery,nepotism,and insufficient availability of translated information.Facilitators included community involvement as local monitoring agents,unannounced staff inspections,healthcare worker training tailored to community needs,and localized outreach strategies such as jingles and call-in programs.CFIR constructs,including Local Conditions,Tailoring Strategies,Available Resources,and Physical Infrastructure,provided a framework for analyzing the findings.Conclusion:This review highlights significant barriers and promising facilitators to equitable vaccine distribution in Nigeria.Targeted interventions,such as community engagement,anti-corruption measures,and culturally tailored strategies,are critical to addressing these challenges and improving access.These findings underscore the need for localized,equity-focused approaches to enhance vaccine distribution systems in Nigeria and other low-resource settings.展开更多
Background:Low awareness of common pediatric eye conditions,such as amblyopia,conjunctivitis,and myopia in rural Chiang Rai,Thailand,prompted the development of a specialized curriculum.This curriculum aimed to provid...Background:Low awareness of common pediatric eye conditions,such as amblyopia,conjunctivitis,and myopia in rural Chiang Rai,Thailand,prompted the development of a specialized curriculum.This curriculum aimed to provide individuals serving these areas with resources to educate and disseminate information within their communities.Methods:A one-hour curriculum covering the causes,signs,diagnosis,treatment,and prevention of amblyopia,conjunctivitis,and myopia was delivered virtually to public health students at a Thai university and in-person to students at this university and rural community members.The in-person seminar included hands-on activities and simulations of these eye conditions.Knowledge acquisition and retention were assessed using pre-tests,immediate post-tests,and one-month post-tests.Results:The seminar was attended by 87 virtual public health students,111 in-person public health students,and 40 in-person rural community members.All groups showed significant improvement in test scores from pre-test to immediate post-test(P<0.001).In-person students had 1.57 times the odds of answering correctly on the immediate post-test compared to virtual students,despite no significant difference in baseline knowledge.However,the subset of in-person students who did not receive bilingual materials showed no significant difference in immediate post-test performance compared to virtual students(P>0.05).Although public health students had more than twice the odds of answering correctly at pre-test compared to rural community members,there were no significant differences between groups on the immediate post-test(P>0.05).Conclusion:A brief seminar significantly improved understanding and retention of pediatric eye conditions,achieving similar levels of understanding among public health students and rural community members,regardless of initial knowledge on this topic.In-person,hands-on seminars with educational materials in participants'preferred language proved more effective than virtual ones in achieving these improvements.展开更多
Background:Depression is prevalent among female college students,with eating behavior potentially related to this issue.This study examines the relationship between eating behavior and depression,focusing on the role ...Background:Depression is prevalent among female college students,with eating behavior potentially related to this issue.This study examines the relationship between eating behavior and depression,focusing on the role of social appearance anxiety and physical activity.Methods:We recruited 2161 female college students from nine universities in China via convenience sampling.Data was collected via an online questionnaire.Eating behavior was assessed via the Eating Behavior Scale short form(EBS-SF),depression was measured via the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale(CES-D),social appearance anxiety was evaluated via the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale,and physical activity was assessed via a single-item question.Descriptive statistics were analyzed via SPSS 26.0,and moderated mediation analysis was conducted via PROCESS version 3.5.Results:Unhealthy eating behavior was significantly associated with higher levels of depression(β=0.285,p<0.001).Social appearance anxiety mediated this relationship,accounting for 46%of the total effect(β=0.132,95%CI=[0.108,0.158]).The interaction effect between eating behavior and physical activity was significantly and negatively correlated with depression(β=−0.052,p<0.01).The association between eating behavior and depression was stronger under conditions of low physical activity(β=0.210,p<0.001)than under conditions of high physical activity(β=0.105,p<0.001).Conclusions:Integrating nutritional guidance,body image acceptance training,and exercise promotion into campus mental health programs is crucial for addressing depression in female college students.Future research should use longitudinal designs and broader participant ranges to increase the general applicability of the findings.展开更多
1.Introduction The field of exercise science is experiencing a renaissance,with recent research illuminating the molecular,cellular,and systemic effects of physical activity.This is largely due to the now unequivocal ...1.Introduction The field of exercise science is experiencing a renaissance,with recent research illuminating the molecular,cellular,and systemic effects of physical activity.This is largely due to the now unequivocal evidence that a lack of physical activity,not only has direct effects on the prevalence of non-contagious diseases(NCDs)but has profound additive effects of other risk factors for NCD such as obesity and hypertension.1 The articles in this special topic of Journal of Sport and Health Science(JSHS)are dedicated to research on Exercise biochemistry&metabolism.展开更多
To examine stress redistribution phenomena in bridges subjected to varying operational conditions,this study conducts a comprehensive analysis of three years of monitoring data from a 153-m double-deck road–rail stee...To examine stress redistribution phenomena in bridges subjected to varying operational conditions,this study conducts a comprehensive analysis of three years of monitoring data from a 153-m double-deck road–rail steel arch bridge.An initial statistical comparison of sensor data distributions reveals clear temporal variations in stress redistribution patterns.XGBoost(eXtreme Gradient Boosting),a gradient-boosting machine learning(ML)algorithm,was employed not only for predictive modeling but also to uncover the underlying mechanisms of stress evolution.Unlike traditional numerical models that rely on extensive assumptions and idealizations,XGBoost effectively captures nonlinear and time-varying relationships between stress states and operational/environmental factors,such as temperature,traffic load,and structural geometry.This approach allows for the identification of critical periods and conditions under which stress redistribution becomes significant.Results indicate a clear shift of stress concentrations frombeamends toward mid-span regions following the commencement of metro operations,reflecting both structural adaptation and localized overstress near arch ribs.Furthermore,the model generates robust predictions of stress evolution,demonstrating potential applications in early warning systems and fatigue risk assessment.This work represents the first application of interpretable gradient-boosting techniques to stress redistribution modeling in double-deck bridges.In addition,a Stress Redistribution Index(SRI)is proposed,derived from this monitoring study and finite-element-based transverse load distributions,to quantify temporal stress shifts between midspan and edge beams.The results provide both theoretical contributions and practical guidance for the design,inspection,and maintenance of complex bridge structures.展开更多
Background:Mental health concerns among doctoral students have become increasingly prominent,with consistently low levels of well-being making this issue a critical focus in higher education research.This study aims t...Background:Mental health concerns among doctoral students have become increasingly prominent,with consistently low levels of well-being making this issue a critical focus in higher education research.This study aims to synthesize existing evidence on the mental health and well-being of doctoral students and to identify key factors and intervention strategies reported in the literature.Methods:A systematic review was conducted to examine the determinants and interventions related to doctoral students’mental health and well-being.Relevant studies were comprehensively searched in Web of Science,PubMed,Scopus,and EBSCO,with the final search conducted on September 19,2025.Records were screened according to predefined criteria:empirical studies on doctoral students’mental health or well-being published in English were included,while non-empirical,non-English,and non-doctoral-student-focused studies were excluded.A total of 56 studies were included after rigorous screening.Results:Doctoral students’mental health and well-being are shaped by multiple interacting factors across individual,academic,interpersonal,organizational,and environmental levels.Moreover,variations in gender,identity,discipline,study stage,and institutional context may further exacerbate or mitigate psychological distress.Existing intervention studies primarily focus on three approaches:psychologically oriented training,practice-based behavioral and learning programs,and relationship-or support network-based initiatives.Conclusion:This review offers integrated evidence on doctoral students’mental health and well-being and highlights the need for universities to assume greater responsibility in developing systematic and responsive support mechanisms.Current research remains limited by insufficient cross-cultural comparison,a lack of intersectional perspectives,and a scarcity of large-scale,long-term evaluations of intervention effectiveness.Future studies should give greater attention to institutional contexts and vulnerable groups while expanding the scope and rigor of intervention research.展开更多
Objectives:Healthcare students experience significant stress due to their rigorous graduate school curricula.These levels of stress are associated with higher risks of depression,self-harm,and exhaustion.Coping interv...Objectives:Healthcare students experience significant stress due to their rigorous graduate school curricula.These levels of stress are associated with higher risks of depression,self-harm,and exhaustion.Coping interventions have been shown to help students develop healthy stress coping strategies.The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the diverse array of coping interventions and what characteristics of coping interventions were most effective at decreasing stress among healthcare students.Methods:Any intervention designed to address coping for academic stress was included among medical,dental,nursing,physician assistant,allied health,veterinary,psychology,etc.students.A comprehensive literature search was completed to include multiple databases,Ancestry,and hand-searching from EBSCO and Google Scholar articles.A final total of 17 studies were included.Standardized mean difference effect sizes(ES)were synthesized across studies using a random-effects model in the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software for changes in coping levels in healthcare students.Moderator analyses were performed to explore the study,intervention,and participants’characteristics.The risk of bias was assessed by RoB2 and ROBINS-I.Results:Coping interventions significantly reduced stress outcomes among healthcare students(d=0.74;95%CI[0.48–1.01],95%PI[−0.41–1.90],p<0.001,Q=228.49,I^(2)=93.0%,T=0.52,T^(2)=0.28,p<0.001).Moderator analysis showed that interventions with stress education,established professional guidance,and fewer hours led to better stress management outcomes.Conclusions:This study demonstrates that coping interventions produce an overall moderate-to-large effect on stress reduction.Future research investigating coping interventions on academic and long-term outcomes would be beneficial.展开更多
Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns worldwide due to their association with many chronic health conditions.This has resulted in the development of various interventions focused on weight loss...Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns worldwide due to their association with many chronic health conditions.This has resulted in the development of various interventions focused on weight loss to reduce the associated health burden.Physical activity is an important lifestyle behavior associated with enhanced health.Evidence supports that many of the benefits of physical activity are realized independent of initial weight status or whether weight loss is achieved,with some benefits additive to what is achieved with weight loss alone.These benefits include enhanced cardiometabolic,brain,cognitive and psychological health,and others.Moreover,in adults with overweight or obesity,physical activity has independent effects on cardiorespiratory fitness,muscular strength,physical function,and mobility.There are also benefits to body composition,with physical activity improving the quality of key tissues,such as skeletal muscle,which may not occur with diet-induced weight loss.Therefore,physical activity is an important public health target for adults with overweight or obesity to provide a wide range of health benefits that extend beyond those of weight loss alone.However,physical activity recommendations and programming efforts should consider the unique characteristics of adults with overweight or obesity to be most effective,and should support a focus on mobility,physical function,and other health outcomes.展开更多
Objectives:24-h movement behaviors(24-HMB),encompassing physical activity,sedentary behavior,and sleep duration,are increasingly regarded as interrelated and important factors for mental health.However,evidence on the...Objectives:24-h movement behaviors(24-HMB),encompassing physical activity,sedentary behavior,and sleep duration,are increasingly regarded as interrelated and important factors for mental health.However,evidence on the comprehensive association of these behaviors with mental health in adults with diabetes in developing countries remains scarce.This study examined the association between 24-HMB guidelines and psychological health among adults with diabetes in developing countries.Methods:Data were retrieved from the World Health Organization’s study on Global Aging and Adult Health Survey dataset.Adults(N=1905)diagnosed with diabetes from five low-and middle-income countries were included.The exposure of interest was adherence to 24-HMB guidelines,depression,cognition,and quality of life(QoL).Multiple logistic and multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the association between meeting 24-HMB guidelines and depression,cognition,and QoL,respectively.Results:This cross-sectional study revealed that 28.61%complied with all three 24-HMB guidelines.Diabetic patients who met more numbers of 24-HMB guidelines had lower depression risk(OR=0.74,95%CI:0.61 to 0.91,p=0.004),greater cognition(β=0.42,95%CI:0.25 to 0.60,p<0.001),and QoL(β=1.30,95%CI:1.04 to 1.55,p<0.001)with the non-compliant population.For specific combinations,meeting all three guidelines were significantly associated with lower odds of depression,improved cognitive function,and enhanced QoL(all p<0.001).Conclusion:These findings support that meeting 24-HMB guidelines in a single or combined movement behaviors was significantly related to reduced risk of depression,enhanced cognitive function,and improved QoL among individuals with diabetes.展开更多
Background:Investigators from low-,middle-,and high-income countries representing 6 continents contributed to the development of the Global Adolescent and Child Physical Activity Questionnaire(GAC-PAQ).The GAC-PAQ is ...Background:Investigators from low-,middle-,and high-income countries representing 6 continents contributed to the development of the Global Adolescent and Child Physical Activity Questionnaire(GAC-PAQ).The GAC-PAQ is designed to assess physical activity(PA)across all key domains(i.e.,school,chores,work/volunteering,transport,free time,outdoor time).It aimed to address multiple gaps in global PA surveillance(e.g.,omission of important PA domains,insufficient cultural adaptation,underrepresentation of rural areas in questionnaire validation studies).The purpose of this study was to assess the content validity of the GAC-PAQ among PA experts,8-to 17-year-olds,and one of their parents/guardians,and to discuss changes made to the questionnaire based on participants'feedback.Methods:Sixty-two experts in PA measurement and/or surveillance from 24 countries completed an online survey that included both closed-and open-ended questions about the content validity of the GAC-PAQ.The proportion of experts who agreed or strongly agreed with the items was calculated.Child-parent/guardian dyads from 15 countries(n=250;10-40 per country)participated in a structured cognitive interview to assess the clarity of the questions and response options,and they were encouraged to provide suggestions to improve clarity and facilitate completion of the questionnaire.Participating countries are:Aotearoa New Zealand,Brazil,Canada,China,Colombia,Czech Republic,India,Malawi,Mexico,Nepal,Nigeria,Spain,Sweden,Thailand,and the United Arab Emirates.Interviews were conducted in 13 different languages and structured by PA domain.Generic images were included to help participants in answering questions about PA intensity.Results:Expert agreement with the items for each domain exceeded 75%,and their qualitative feedback was used to revise the questionnaire before cognitive interviews.In general,participants found the questionnaire to be comprehensive.Adolescents(12-17 years)found it easier than children(8-11 years)to answer the questions.Several children struggled to answer questions about the duration and intensity of activities and/or concepts related to travel modes,active trips,and organized activities.Many parents/guardians were unsure about the frequency,duration,and intensity of their children's or adolescents'PA at school and/or recommended using more culturally relevant and appropriate images.Some participants misunderstood the concept of activities that“make you stronger”(intended to assess resistance activities)and/or struggled to differentiate between work,volunteering,and chores.Conclusion:Participants'feedback was used to develop a revised,simplified,and culturally adapted GAC-PAQ,which will be pilot-tested in all15 countries in an App that will include country-specific images and narration in local languages.Further research is needed to assess the reliability and validity of the revised GAC-PAQ.展开更多
Background:Social connection is widely recognized as a protective determinant of health,yet its direct and indirect effects on mental health remain underexplored.This study examines the relationship between social con...Background:Social connection is widely recognized as a protective determinant of health,yet its direct and indirect effects on mental health remain underexplored.This study examines the relationship between social connection and mental health,focusing on the mediating role of quality of life(QoL)and the moderating effect of regional differences.Methods:We analyzed data from the 2019 Korean Community Health Survey,comprising 229,099 adults.Mental health was assessed through validated measures of depressive symptoms and psychological well-being.Social connection was measured using indicators of interpersonal ties and community participation,and QoL was assessed via self-reported health-related satisfaction across major life domains.Analytical procedures included mediation modeling and subgroup analyses by region,with significance levels set at p<0.05.Results:The results indicate that social connections are significantly associated with lower stress levels and reduced depressive symptoms,with QoL playing a critical mediating role.Notably,the indirect effect of social connection on mental health via QoL is stronger in rural areas compared to urban regions,highlighting the importance of social cohesion and community support in mental well-being.Among 203,567 adults,greater social participation was associated with lower subjective stress(total effect=−0.052,p<0.001)and fewer depressive symptoms(PHQ-9 total effect=−0.308,p<0.001).QoL significantly mediated these associations,with the strongest indirect pathways observed through usual activities(19.2%for stress;27.6%for depression)and mobility(24.4%for depression).Regional analysis showed stronger mediation in rural areas(up to 26.8%for stress and 32.6%for depression)than in urban areas(8–16%and 14.9–23%).Direct effects remained significant,indicating partial mediation.These findings highlight that social participation enhances mental health directly and indirectly through QoL,particularly in rural contexts.Conclusions:Social connection contributes to better mental health both directly and indirectly through improved QoL,with stronger effects observed in rural communities.These findings highlight the importance of fostering social cohesion and enhancing life quality as strategies for improving population mental health.Policy interventions should adopt context-sensitive approaches that account for regional differences in social resources and service availability.展开更多
Objectives:In recent years,mental health has emerged as a pressing public health concern in China,driven by mounting societal pressures and fast-paced urban lifestyles.Physical activity,a well-established means of enh...Objectives:In recent years,mental health has emerged as a pressing public health concern in China,driven by mounting societal pressures and fast-paced urban lifestyles.Physical activity,a well-established means of enhancing psychological well-being,has received growing scholarly and policy attention.This study uses panel data from the 2020 and 2022 waves of the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)to examine the impact of exercise frequency on mental health(with indicators such as CESD-8 depression scores)among college students and young employees,thereby providing empirical support for targeted mental health interventions.Methods:This study examines the relationship between individual exercise frequency and mental health among college students and young employees,using panel data from the 2020 and 2022 waves of the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),with the Chinese version of the 8-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CESD-8)depression scores,self-rated health,and life satisfaction as outcome variables.Specifically,this study tests three hypotheses:(H1)increased exercise frequency significantly reduces depression symptoms and enhances well-being;(H2)the effects of exercise vary by social roles,with stronger mental health benefits among employed individuals and those with lower education;and(H3)lifestyle factors such as smoking amount,sleep duration,and Body Mass Index(BMI)partially mediate the relationship between exercise and mental health.Employing a two-way fixed effects model,baseline results indicate that a one-unit increase in exercise frequency significantly reduces the CESD-8 score by 0.183 points.To address potential endogeneity and spurious regression concerns,an instrumental variable(IV)approach is further applied.The heterogeneity analysis differentiates between students and employed individuals.Results:Among students,the effects of exercise on mental health are not statistically significant,regardless of education level.In contrast,for the employed,exercise demonstrates a significant positive impact on mental health,with particularly pronounced effects among those with lower educational attainment.These findings underscore the importance of promoting exercise as part of comprehensive mental health strategies.Mediation analysis indicates that the beneficial effect of exercise on mental health is partially transmitted through reductions in adverse health behaviors,especially smoking.Conclusions:Policymakers should integrate physical activity promotion into health interventions,prioritizing vulnerable groups to enhance psychological resilience and foster inclusive,health-oriented development.展开更多
Background Maternal obesity during pregnancy can lead to increased risk for metabolic disease in offspring during adulthood,helping fuel the worldwide increase in obesity.Fortunately,studies in rodent models have esta...Background Maternal obesity during pregnancy can lead to increased risk for metabolic disease in offspring during adulthood,helping fuel the worldwide increase in obesity.Fortunately,studies in rodent models have established that female dams(F0)that perform voluntary wheel running exercise during pregnancy have first-generation(F1)offspring with improved glucose tolerance,suggesting a potential means to reduce the burden of generational metabolic disease transmission.We have shown that maternal exercise also affects F1 male offspring as sires,as their progeny(F2)have similarly improved metabolic health.Whether maternal exercise can affect F1 females in a manner that improves F2 offspring metabolism is not known.Here,we determined whether voluntary exercise by F0 grandmothers,via their F1 female progeny,produced F2 male and female offspring with an improved metabolic phenotype.Methods Six-week-old C57BL/6 N female mice(F0)were fed a chow diet and either kept sedentary or exercise trained by voluntary wheel running for 2 weeks preconception and during pregnancy.Chow-fed sedentary F1 female offspring at 8 weeks of age were bred with age-matched untreated virgin males to generate F2 offspring.F2 were kept sedentary and chow fed and studied up to 52 weeks of age.Metabolic parameters were assessed,including food intake,body weight,body composition,glucose tolerance,systemic glucose and insulin levels,and liver metabolism.Results Grandmaternal exercise did not significantly alter male and female F2 offspring body weights measured throughout the first year of life,nor was there an effect of grandmaternal exercise on F2 offspring fat mass or lean mass.Remarkably,despite the lack of effect on body weight parameters,grandmaternal exercise resulted in improved glucose tolerance and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)in F2 offspring at 52 weeks of age,effects that were more pronounced in male F2 offspring.Conclusion Voluntary wheel running exercise in female mice during pregnancy leads to metabolic improvements in her grand offspring,despite no direct intervention of the intermediate maternal generation.Maternal physical activity during pregnancy may reduce metabolic diseases in later generations.展开更多
Background:Maternal mental health literacy is a cognitive resource that may support preschoolers’emotional development,yet its influence on emotional regulation and the related mechanisms remains unclear.This study e...Background:Maternal mental health literacy is a cognitive resource that may support preschoolers’emotional development,yet its influence on emotional regulation and the related mechanisms remains unclear.This study examined whether maternal depressive mood and democratic parenting form a chain pathway linking maternal mental health literacy to preschoolers’emotional regulation ability.Methods:Mothers of 544 preschoolers in China’s Mainland completed an online questionnaire that assessed maternal mental health literacy,depressive mood,democratic parenting,and child emotional regulation.Structural path analysis was conducted with child age and gender controlled.Indirect effects were tested using 5000 bootstrap samples.Results:Maternal mental health literacy did not directly predict preschoolers’emotional regulation.Three indirect effects were significant.The pathway through depressive mood had an effect of 0.005,the pathway through democratic parenting had an effect of 0.004,and the chain pathway through depressive mood and democratic parenting had an effect of 0.002.All confidence intervals excluded 0.Conclusion:Maternal mental health literacy influences preschoolers’emotional regulation only through maternal depressive mood and democratic parenting,indicating that cognitive resources affect child emotional outcomes through emotional and behavioral processes rather than a direct pathway.展开更多
文摘Background:Oral health issues persistently affect the overall health and well-being of rural populations.Village health volunteers(VHVs)play a crucial role in advancing oral health literacy in their community.This study aimed to examine the factors related to nutritional literacy for oral health among VHVs.Methods:This was a mixed-methods study employing an explanatory sequential design.The quantitative data were gathered through questionnaires distributed to a cohort of 10,514 VHVs registered in Health Region 1.A stratified random sampling technique was used to ensure adequate representation of various subgroups within the VHV population,considering factors such as age,education level,and geographical distribution across the region.This approach allowed for a more representative sample that accurately reflects the diversity of the VHV population.Qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with a purposive sampling of 20 participants based on specific criteria.Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and biserial correlation techniques,while qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis.Results:The study found that the sample group possessed a moderate level of knowledge of health literacy principles and nutrition for oral health.However,their self-assessed skills in nutritional literacy for oral health were rated as high.A statistically significant negative correlation was found between knowledge of nutrition for oral health and skills in nutritional literacy for oral health.VHVs equated health literacy with knowledge because their public health training had focused more on imparting knowledge rather than developing skills based on health literacy principles.Conclusion:There is a need to emphasize skill-based health literacy training and to use effective skill development techniques that are tailored to the specific roles and responsibilities of health volunteers.It is also recommended to continuously monitor and evaluate the outcomes of these efforts.
文摘Sports Medicine and Health Science(SMHS)has a short but impressive history.Following two diligent years of preplanning,SMHS was founded in 2019 by Co-Editors-in-Chief Dr.J.Larry Durstine and Dr.Quansheng Su.Dr.J.Larry Durstine is retiring from his position on December 31,2025 and I am honored to accept the role of Editor-in-Chief(EIC)of SMHS along with Dr.Su.I want to begin my term as EIC by thanking Dr.J.Larry Durstine for his hard work and excellent editorial leadership during the first six years of journal operation.My job as the new EIC of SMHS will be to build on the already established excellence of the journal.
文摘Objective:This review aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to equitable coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccine distribution in Nigeria using the consolidated framework for implementation research(CFIR).Methods:A comprehensive search strategy was applied across five databases—Web of Science,MEDLINE,EMBASE,CAB Direct,and CINAHL.The search,conducted as part of a scoping review,yielded 2,751 citations.Seven studies met the inclusion criteria after screening.Data were extracted and analyzed using CFIR constructs to identify key barriers and facilitators to equitable vaccine distribution.Results:Six barriers were identified:limited physical and socioeconomic access,bribery,nepotism,and insufficient availability of translated information.Facilitators included community involvement as local monitoring agents,unannounced staff inspections,healthcare worker training tailored to community needs,and localized outreach strategies such as jingles and call-in programs.CFIR constructs,including Local Conditions,Tailoring Strategies,Available Resources,and Physical Infrastructure,provided a framework for analyzing the findings.Conclusion:This review highlights significant barriers and promising facilitators to equitable vaccine distribution in Nigeria.Targeted interventions,such as community engagement,anti-corruption measures,and culturally tailored strategies,are critical to addressing these challenges and improving access.These findings underscore the need for localized,equity-focused approaches to enhance vaccine distribution systems in Nigeria and other low-resource settings.
基金supported by the National Institutes of Health(Bethesda,MD)through the P30 EY010572 core grantthe Malcolm M.Marquis,MD Endowed Fund for Innovation+1 种基金an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness(New York,NY)to the Casey Eye Institute,Oregon Health&Science UniversityAdditional support was provided by Oregon Health&Science University Global Health。
文摘Background:Low awareness of common pediatric eye conditions,such as amblyopia,conjunctivitis,and myopia in rural Chiang Rai,Thailand,prompted the development of a specialized curriculum.This curriculum aimed to provide individuals serving these areas with resources to educate and disseminate information within their communities.Methods:A one-hour curriculum covering the causes,signs,diagnosis,treatment,and prevention of amblyopia,conjunctivitis,and myopia was delivered virtually to public health students at a Thai university and in-person to students at this university and rural community members.The in-person seminar included hands-on activities and simulations of these eye conditions.Knowledge acquisition and retention were assessed using pre-tests,immediate post-tests,and one-month post-tests.Results:The seminar was attended by 87 virtual public health students,111 in-person public health students,and 40 in-person rural community members.All groups showed significant improvement in test scores from pre-test to immediate post-test(P<0.001).In-person students had 1.57 times the odds of answering correctly on the immediate post-test compared to virtual students,despite no significant difference in baseline knowledge.However,the subset of in-person students who did not receive bilingual materials showed no significant difference in immediate post-test performance compared to virtual students(P>0.05).Although public health students had more than twice the odds of answering correctly at pre-test compared to rural community members,there were no significant differences between groups on the immediate post-test(P>0.05).Conclusion:A brief seminar significantly improved understanding and retention of pediatric eye conditions,achieving similar levels of understanding among public health students and rural community members,regardless of initial knowledge on this topic.In-person,hands-on seminars with educational materials in participants'preferred language proved more effective than virtual ones in achieving these improvements.
文摘Background:Depression is prevalent among female college students,with eating behavior potentially related to this issue.This study examines the relationship between eating behavior and depression,focusing on the role of social appearance anxiety and physical activity.Methods:We recruited 2161 female college students from nine universities in China via convenience sampling.Data was collected via an online questionnaire.Eating behavior was assessed via the Eating Behavior Scale short form(EBS-SF),depression was measured via the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale(CES-D),social appearance anxiety was evaluated via the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale,and physical activity was assessed via a single-item question.Descriptive statistics were analyzed via SPSS 26.0,and moderated mediation analysis was conducted via PROCESS version 3.5.Results:Unhealthy eating behavior was significantly associated with higher levels of depression(β=0.285,p<0.001).Social appearance anxiety mediated this relationship,accounting for 46%of the total effect(β=0.132,95%CI=[0.108,0.158]).The interaction effect between eating behavior and physical activity was significantly and negatively correlated with depression(β=−0.052,p<0.01).The association between eating behavior and depression was stronger under conditions of low physical activity(β=0.210,p<0.001)than under conditions of high physical activity(β=0.105,p<0.001).Conclusions:Integrating nutritional guidance,body image acceptance training,and exercise promotion into campus mental health programs is crucial for addressing depression in female college students.Future research should use longitudinal designs and broader participant ranges to increase the general applicability of the findings.
文摘1.Introduction The field of exercise science is experiencing a renaissance,with recent research illuminating the molecular,cellular,and systemic effects of physical activity.This is largely due to the now unequivocal evidence that a lack of physical activity,not only has direct effects on the prevalence of non-contagious diseases(NCDs)but has profound additive effects of other risk factors for NCD such as obesity and hypertension.1 The articles in this special topic of Journal of Sport and Health Science(JSHS)are dedicated to research on Exercise biochemistry&metabolism.
基金supported by the Key Technologies Research and Development Program under Grant 2021YFB1600300.
文摘To examine stress redistribution phenomena in bridges subjected to varying operational conditions,this study conducts a comprehensive analysis of three years of monitoring data from a 153-m double-deck road–rail steel arch bridge.An initial statistical comparison of sensor data distributions reveals clear temporal variations in stress redistribution patterns.XGBoost(eXtreme Gradient Boosting),a gradient-boosting machine learning(ML)algorithm,was employed not only for predictive modeling but also to uncover the underlying mechanisms of stress evolution.Unlike traditional numerical models that rely on extensive assumptions and idealizations,XGBoost effectively captures nonlinear and time-varying relationships between stress states and operational/environmental factors,such as temperature,traffic load,and structural geometry.This approach allows for the identification of critical periods and conditions under which stress redistribution becomes significant.Results indicate a clear shift of stress concentrations frombeamends toward mid-span regions following the commencement of metro operations,reflecting both structural adaptation and localized overstress near arch ribs.Furthermore,the model generates robust predictions of stress evolution,demonstrating potential applications in early warning systems and fatigue risk assessment.This work represents the first application of interpretable gradient-boosting techniques to stress redistribution modeling in double-deck bridges.In addition,a Stress Redistribution Index(SRI)is proposed,derived from this monitoring study and finite-element-based transverse load distributions,to quantify temporal stress shifts between midspan and edge beams.The results provide both theoretical contributions and practical guidance for the design,inspection,and maintenance of complex bridge structures.
文摘Background:Mental health concerns among doctoral students have become increasingly prominent,with consistently low levels of well-being making this issue a critical focus in higher education research.This study aims to synthesize existing evidence on the mental health and well-being of doctoral students and to identify key factors and intervention strategies reported in the literature.Methods:A systematic review was conducted to examine the determinants and interventions related to doctoral students’mental health and well-being.Relevant studies were comprehensively searched in Web of Science,PubMed,Scopus,and EBSCO,with the final search conducted on September 19,2025.Records were screened according to predefined criteria:empirical studies on doctoral students’mental health or well-being published in English were included,while non-empirical,non-English,and non-doctoral-student-focused studies were excluded.A total of 56 studies were included after rigorous screening.Results:Doctoral students’mental health and well-being are shaped by multiple interacting factors across individual,academic,interpersonal,organizational,and environmental levels.Moreover,variations in gender,identity,discipline,study stage,and institutional context may further exacerbate or mitigate psychological distress.Existing intervention studies primarily focus on three approaches:psychologically oriented training,practice-based behavioral and learning programs,and relationship-or support network-based initiatives.Conclusion:This review offers integrated evidence on doctoral students’mental health and well-being and highlights the need for universities to assume greater responsibility in developing systematic and responsive support mechanisms.Current research remains limited by insufficient cross-cultural comparison,a lack of intersectional perspectives,and a scarcity of large-scale,long-term evaluations of intervention effectiveness.Future studies should give greater attention to institutional contexts and vulnerable groups while expanding the scope and rigor of intervention research.
文摘Objectives:Healthcare students experience significant stress due to their rigorous graduate school curricula.These levels of stress are associated with higher risks of depression,self-harm,and exhaustion.Coping interventions have been shown to help students develop healthy stress coping strategies.The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the diverse array of coping interventions and what characteristics of coping interventions were most effective at decreasing stress among healthcare students.Methods:Any intervention designed to address coping for academic stress was included among medical,dental,nursing,physician assistant,allied health,veterinary,psychology,etc.students.A comprehensive literature search was completed to include multiple databases,Ancestry,and hand-searching from EBSCO and Google Scholar articles.A final total of 17 studies were included.Standardized mean difference effect sizes(ES)were synthesized across studies using a random-effects model in the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software for changes in coping levels in healthcare students.Moderator analyses were performed to explore the study,intervention,and participants’characteristics.The risk of bias was assessed by RoB2 and ROBINS-I.Results:Coping interventions significantly reduced stress outcomes among healthcare students(d=0.74;95%CI[0.48–1.01],95%PI[−0.41–1.90],p<0.001,Q=228.49,I^(2)=93.0%,T=0.52,T^(2)=0.28,p<0.001).Moderator analysis showed that interventions with stress education,established professional guidance,and fewer hours led to better stress management outcomes.Conclusions:This study demonstrates that coping interventions produce an overall moderate-to-large effect on stress reduction.Future research investigating coping interventions on academic and long-term outcomes would be beneficial.
基金supported by the National Institutes of Health for the Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research(award No.P20GM144269)support from the Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health(award No.KL2TR002367)supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health(award No.TL1TR002368)。
文摘Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns worldwide due to their association with many chronic health conditions.This has resulted in the development of various interventions focused on weight loss to reduce the associated health burden.Physical activity is an important lifestyle behavior associated with enhanced health.Evidence supports that many of the benefits of physical activity are realized independent of initial weight status or whether weight loss is achieved,with some benefits additive to what is achieved with weight loss alone.These benefits include enhanced cardiometabolic,brain,cognitive and psychological health,and others.Moreover,in adults with overweight or obesity,physical activity has independent effects on cardiorespiratory fitness,muscular strength,physical function,and mobility.There are also benefits to body composition,with physical activity improving the quality of key tissues,such as skeletal muscle,which may not occur with diet-induced weight loss.Therefore,physical activity is an important public health target for adults with overweight or obesity to provide a wide range of health benefits that extend beyond those of weight loss alone.However,physical activity recommendations and programming efforts should consider the unique characteristics of adults with overweight or obesity to be most effective,and should support a focus on mobility,physical function,and other health outcomes.
文摘Objectives:24-h movement behaviors(24-HMB),encompassing physical activity,sedentary behavior,and sleep duration,are increasingly regarded as interrelated and important factors for mental health.However,evidence on the comprehensive association of these behaviors with mental health in adults with diabetes in developing countries remains scarce.This study examined the association between 24-HMB guidelines and psychological health among adults with diabetes in developing countries.Methods:Data were retrieved from the World Health Organization’s study on Global Aging and Adult Health Survey dataset.Adults(N=1905)diagnosed with diabetes from five low-and middle-income countries were included.The exposure of interest was adherence to 24-HMB guidelines,depression,cognition,and quality of life(QoL).Multiple logistic and multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the association between meeting 24-HMB guidelines and depression,cognition,and QoL,respectively.Results:This cross-sectional study revealed that 28.61%complied with all three 24-HMB guidelines.Diabetic patients who met more numbers of 24-HMB guidelines had lower depression risk(OR=0.74,95%CI:0.61 to 0.91,p=0.004),greater cognition(β=0.42,95%CI:0.25 to 0.60,p<0.001),and QoL(β=1.30,95%CI:1.04 to 1.55,p<0.001)with the non-compliant population.For specific combinations,meeting all three guidelines were significantly associated with lower odds of depression,improved cognitive function,and enhanced QoL(all p<0.001).Conclusion:These findings support that meeting 24-HMB guidelines in a single or combined movement behaviors was significantly related to reduced risk of depression,enhanced cognitive function,and improved QoL among individuals with diabetes.
基金supported by a Project Grant(Grant No.PJT183705)an Early Career Investigator Prize(Grant No.ECP 184184)from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research+7 种基金a Prentice Institute Research Affiliate Fund Grant from the Prentice Institute for Global Population and Economy(Grant No.G00004116)a Te Herenga Waka Victoria University of Wellington Division of Science Health Engineering Architecture and Design Innovation Faculty Strategic Research Grant(Grant No.FSRG-SHEADI-10724)The Thailand Physical Activity Knowledge Development Centre(TPAK)/Thai Health Promotion Foundation provided funding for the cognitive interviews and pilot study in Thailand(Grant No.66-P1-0473)The University Pablo de Olavide provided a scholarship for 2 undergraduate students working on the project(codes PPI2207 and PPI2308)In the Czech Republicthe study was supported by Palacky University IGA(Grant No.IGA_FTK_2023_017)supported by the Division of Intramural Research at the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities of the National Institutes of Healthsupported by the Key Project of the National Philosophy and Social Science Foundation of China(23&ZD197)。
文摘Background:Investigators from low-,middle-,and high-income countries representing 6 continents contributed to the development of the Global Adolescent and Child Physical Activity Questionnaire(GAC-PAQ).The GAC-PAQ is designed to assess physical activity(PA)across all key domains(i.e.,school,chores,work/volunteering,transport,free time,outdoor time).It aimed to address multiple gaps in global PA surveillance(e.g.,omission of important PA domains,insufficient cultural adaptation,underrepresentation of rural areas in questionnaire validation studies).The purpose of this study was to assess the content validity of the GAC-PAQ among PA experts,8-to 17-year-olds,and one of their parents/guardians,and to discuss changes made to the questionnaire based on participants'feedback.Methods:Sixty-two experts in PA measurement and/or surveillance from 24 countries completed an online survey that included both closed-and open-ended questions about the content validity of the GAC-PAQ.The proportion of experts who agreed or strongly agreed with the items was calculated.Child-parent/guardian dyads from 15 countries(n=250;10-40 per country)participated in a structured cognitive interview to assess the clarity of the questions and response options,and they were encouraged to provide suggestions to improve clarity and facilitate completion of the questionnaire.Participating countries are:Aotearoa New Zealand,Brazil,Canada,China,Colombia,Czech Republic,India,Malawi,Mexico,Nepal,Nigeria,Spain,Sweden,Thailand,and the United Arab Emirates.Interviews were conducted in 13 different languages and structured by PA domain.Generic images were included to help participants in answering questions about PA intensity.Results:Expert agreement with the items for each domain exceeded 75%,and their qualitative feedback was used to revise the questionnaire before cognitive interviews.In general,participants found the questionnaire to be comprehensive.Adolescents(12-17 years)found it easier than children(8-11 years)to answer the questions.Several children struggled to answer questions about the duration and intensity of activities and/or concepts related to travel modes,active trips,and organized activities.Many parents/guardians were unsure about the frequency,duration,and intensity of their children's or adolescents'PA at school and/or recommended using more culturally relevant and appropriate images.Some participants misunderstood the concept of activities that“make you stronger”(intended to assess resistance activities)and/or struggled to differentiate between work,volunteering,and chores.Conclusion:Participants'feedback was used to develop a revised,simplified,and culturally adapted GAC-PAQ,which will be pilot-tested in all15 countries in an App that will include country-specific images and narration in local languages.Further research is needed to assess the reliability and validity of the revised GAC-PAQ.
基金supported by the“Regional Innovation System&Education(RISE)”through the Seoul RISE Center,funded by the Ministry of Education(MOE)and the Seoul Metropolitan Government.(2025-RISE-01-005-07).
文摘Background:Social connection is widely recognized as a protective determinant of health,yet its direct and indirect effects on mental health remain underexplored.This study examines the relationship between social connection and mental health,focusing on the mediating role of quality of life(QoL)and the moderating effect of regional differences.Methods:We analyzed data from the 2019 Korean Community Health Survey,comprising 229,099 adults.Mental health was assessed through validated measures of depressive symptoms and psychological well-being.Social connection was measured using indicators of interpersonal ties and community participation,and QoL was assessed via self-reported health-related satisfaction across major life domains.Analytical procedures included mediation modeling and subgroup analyses by region,with significance levels set at p<0.05.Results:The results indicate that social connections are significantly associated with lower stress levels and reduced depressive symptoms,with QoL playing a critical mediating role.Notably,the indirect effect of social connection on mental health via QoL is stronger in rural areas compared to urban regions,highlighting the importance of social cohesion and community support in mental well-being.Among 203,567 adults,greater social participation was associated with lower subjective stress(total effect=−0.052,p<0.001)and fewer depressive symptoms(PHQ-9 total effect=−0.308,p<0.001).QoL significantly mediated these associations,with the strongest indirect pathways observed through usual activities(19.2%for stress;27.6%for depression)and mobility(24.4%for depression).Regional analysis showed stronger mediation in rural areas(up to 26.8%for stress and 32.6%for depression)than in urban areas(8–16%and 14.9–23%).Direct effects remained significant,indicating partial mediation.These findings highlight that social participation enhances mental health directly and indirectly through QoL,particularly in rural contexts.Conclusions:Social connection contributes to better mental health both directly and indirectly through improved QoL,with stronger effects observed in rural communities.These findings highlight the importance of fostering social cohesion and enhancing life quality as strategies for improving population mental health.Policy interventions should adopt context-sensitive approaches that account for regional differences in social resources and service availability.
文摘Objectives:In recent years,mental health has emerged as a pressing public health concern in China,driven by mounting societal pressures and fast-paced urban lifestyles.Physical activity,a well-established means of enhancing psychological well-being,has received growing scholarly and policy attention.This study uses panel data from the 2020 and 2022 waves of the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)to examine the impact of exercise frequency on mental health(with indicators such as CESD-8 depression scores)among college students and young employees,thereby providing empirical support for targeted mental health interventions.Methods:This study examines the relationship between individual exercise frequency and mental health among college students and young employees,using panel data from the 2020 and 2022 waves of the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),with the Chinese version of the 8-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CESD-8)depression scores,self-rated health,and life satisfaction as outcome variables.Specifically,this study tests three hypotheses:(H1)increased exercise frequency significantly reduces depression symptoms and enhances well-being;(H2)the effects of exercise vary by social roles,with stronger mental health benefits among employed individuals and those with lower education;and(H3)lifestyle factors such as smoking amount,sleep duration,and Body Mass Index(BMI)partially mediate the relationship between exercise and mental health.Employing a two-way fixed effects model,baseline results indicate that a one-unit increase in exercise frequency significantly reduces the CESD-8 score by 0.183 points.To address potential endogeneity and spurious regression concerns,an instrumental variable(IV)approach is further applied.The heterogeneity analysis differentiates between students and employed individuals.Results:Among students,the effects of exercise on mental health are not statistically significant,regardless of education level.In contrast,for the employed,exercise demonstrates a significant positive impact on mental health,with particularly pronounced effects among those with lower educational attainment.These findings underscore the importance of promoting exercise as part of comprehensive mental health strategies.Mediation analysis indicates that the beneficial effect of exercise on mental health is partially transmitted through reductions in adverse health behaviors,especially smoking.Conclusions:Policymakers should integrate physical activity promotion into health interventions,prioritizing vulnerable groups to enhance psychological resilience and foster inclusive,health-oriented development.
基金supported by NIH awards R01 DK101043 to LJG and P30 DK036836 to Joslin Diabetes Centersupported by American Diabetes Association Grant No.1-17-PMF-009+1 种基金supported by American Diabetes Association(Grant No.1-25-PDF-67)supported by fellowships from Sunstar Foundation,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS),Kanae Foundation,and Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare.
文摘Background Maternal obesity during pregnancy can lead to increased risk for metabolic disease in offspring during adulthood,helping fuel the worldwide increase in obesity.Fortunately,studies in rodent models have established that female dams(F0)that perform voluntary wheel running exercise during pregnancy have first-generation(F1)offspring with improved glucose tolerance,suggesting a potential means to reduce the burden of generational metabolic disease transmission.We have shown that maternal exercise also affects F1 male offspring as sires,as their progeny(F2)have similarly improved metabolic health.Whether maternal exercise can affect F1 females in a manner that improves F2 offspring metabolism is not known.Here,we determined whether voluntary exercise by F0 grandmothers,via their F1 female progeny,produced F2 male and female offspring with an improved metabolic phenotype.Methods Six-week-old C57BL/6 N female mice(F0)were fed a chow diet and either kept sedentary or exercise trained by voluntary wheel running for 2 weeks preconception and during pregnancy.Chow-fed sedentary F1 female offspring at 8 weeks of age were bred with age-matched untreated virgin males to generate F2 offspring.F2 were kept sedentary and chow fed and studied up to 52 weeks of age.Metabolic parameters were assessed,including food intake,body weight,body composition,glucose tolerance,systemic glucose and insulin levels,and liver metabolism.Results Grandmaternal exercise did not significantly alter male and female F2 offspring body weights measured throughout the first year of life,nor was there an effect of grandmaternal exercise on F2 offspring fat mass or lean mass.Remarkably,despite the lack of effect on body weight parameters,grandmaternal exercise resulted in improved glucose tolerance and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)in F2 offspring at 52 weeks of age,effects that were more pronounced in male F2 offspring.Conclusion Voluntary wheel running exercise in female mice during pregnancy leads to metabolic improvements in her grand offspring,despite no direct intervention of the intermediate maternal generation.Maternal physical activity during pregnancy may reduce metabolic diseases in later generations.
文摘Background:Maternal mental health literacy is a cognitive resource that may support preschoolers’emotional development,yet its influence on emotional regulation and the related mechanisms remains unclear.This study examined whether maternal depressive mood and democratic parenting form a chain pathway linking maternal mental health literacy to preschoolers’emotional regulation ability.Methods:Mothers of 544 preschoolers in China’s Mainland completed an online questionnaire that assessed maternal mental health literacy,depressive mood,democratic parenting,and child emotional regulation.Structural path analysis was conducted with child age and gender controlled.Indirect effects were tested using 5000 bootstrap samples.Results:Maternal mental health literacy did not directly predict preschoolers’emotional regulation.Three indirect effects were significant.The pathway through depressive mood had an effect of 0.005,the pathway through democratic parenting had an effect of 0.004,and the chain pathway through depressive mood and democratic parenting had an effect of 0.002.All confidence intervals excluded 0.Conclusion:Maternal mental health literacy influences preschoolers’emotional regulation only through maternal depressive mood and democratic parenting,indicating that cognitive resources affect child emotional outcomes through emotional and behavioral processes rather than a direct pathway.
