The interplay of crystal electric field,temperature,and spin–orbit coupling can yield a Kramer ion and thus an effective S=1/2 ground state for Co^(2+)ions(3d^(7)),which is often the case for low-dimensional material...The interplay of crystal electric field,temperature,and spin–orbit coupling can yield a Kramer ion and thus an effective S=1/2 ground state for Co^(2+)ions(3d^(7)),which is often the case for low-dimensional materials.This is because a highly anisotropic structural motif can force the spins to point either“up”or“down,”thereby creating a system where spins communicate via Ising interactions.Cobalt-based quasi-1-dimensional materials have been studied in this context since the latter half of the 20th century.However,due to the development of modern characterization techniques and advances in sample preparation,the exotic physical phenomena that have generated the most interest have only emerged in the past three to four decades.This topical review mainly summarizes progress in cobalt-based quasi-1-dimensional quantum magnets and comments on a few research directions of potential future interest.展开更多
Recently,Long et al.[1]at the Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences,in collaboration with the partners,proposed the theory of oneway quantum secure direct communication(QSDC)and successfully developed a prac...Recently,Long et al.[1]at the Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences,in collaboration with the partners,proposed the theory of oneway quantum secure direct communication(QSDC)and successfully developed a practical system.This achievement set a world record for long-distance stable transmission,demonstrating a rate of 2.38 kbps at a distance of 104.8 km over 168 hours.展开更多
Fe_(3)GaTe_(2)has attracted significant interest due to its intrinsic room-temperature ferromagnetism,yet its magnetic interactions remain debated.We thoroughly investigate the magnetism of Fe_(3)GaTe_(2)using critica...Fe_(3)GaTe_(2)has attracted significant interest due to its intrinsic room-temperature ferromagnetism,yet its magnetic interactions remain debated.We thoroughly investigate the magnetism of Fe_(3)GaTe_(2)using critical analysis,nitrogen–vacancy(NV)center magnetometry,and Density Function Theory(DFT).Our critical phenomenon analysis with exponents[β=0.3706(9),=1.32(6),σ=4.7(2)]and DFT calculations reveal competition between itinerant and localized spins driven by anisotropic coupling,which can be attributed to a net charge transfer of approximately 0.22 electrons from Fe^(3+)to surrounding Ge/Te atoms.As confirmed by NV center magnetometry,the ferromagnetism in Fe_(3)GaTe_(2)remains robust even in thin-layered sheet of 16 nm(corresponding to approximately 20 layers).The out-of-plane ferromagnetism in thin Fe_(3)GaTe_(2)sheets is stabilized due to the distinct spin interaction energies between intralayers(J_(1)~66.74 meV andJ_(2)~17.33 meV)and interlayers(J_(z)~3.78 meV).In addition,the constant energy contour profiles near the Fermi surface of Fe_(3)GaTe_(2)suggest the presence of both hole and electron pockets with a distorted contour around the K/K′point,indicating hexagonal trigonal warping effects.Furthermore,the layer-resolved electronic band structure uncovers a layer–valley coupling near the Fermi surface,with bands at valleys K and K′associated with different layers.These findings pave way for advanced electronic applications operating above-room-temperature.展开更多
In materials science,data-driven methods accelerate material discovery and optimization while reducing costs and improving success rates.Symbolic regression is a key to extracting material descriptors from large datas...In materials science,data-driven methods accelerate material discovery and optimization while reducing costs and improving success rates.Symbolic regression is a key to extracting material descriptors from large datasets,in particular the Sure Independence Screening and Sparsifying Operator(SISSO)method.While SISSO needs to store the entire expression space to impose heavy memory demands,it limits the performance in complex problems.To address this issue,we propose a RF-SISSO algorithm by combining Random Forests(RF)with SISSO.In this algorithm,the Random Forests algorithm is used for prescreening,capturing non-linear relationships and improving feature selection,which may enhance the quality of the input data and boost the accuracy and efficiency on regression and classification tasks.For a testing on the SISSO’s verification problem for 299 materials,RF-SISSO demonstrates its robust performance and high accuracy.RF-SISSO can maintain the testing accuracy above 0.9 across all four training sample sizes and significantly enhancing regression efficiency,especially in training subsets with smaller sample sizes.For the training subset with 45 samples,the efficiency of RF-SISSO was 265 times higher than that of original SISSO.As collecting large datasets would be both costly and time-consuming in the practical experiments,it is thus believed that RF-SISSO may benefit scientific researches by offering a high predicting accuracy with limited data efficiently.展开更多
In conventional electrides,excess electrons are localized in crystal voids to serve as anions.Most of these electrides are metallic and the metal cations are primarily from the s-block,d-block,or rare-earth elements.H...In conventional electrides,excess electrons are localized in crystal voids to serve as anions.Most of these electrides are metallic and the metal cations are primarily from the s-block,d-block,or rare-earth elements.Here,we report a class of p-block metal-based electrides found in bilayer SnO and PbO,which are semiconducting and feature electride states in both the valence band(VB)and conduction band(CB),as referred to 2D“bipolar”electrides.These bilayers are hybrid electrides where excess electrons are localized in the interlayer region and hybridize with the orbitals of Sn atoms in the VB,exhibiting strong covalent-like interactions with neighboring metal atoms.Compared to previously studied hybrid electrides,the higher electronegativity of Sn and Pb enhances these covalent-like interactions,leading to largely enhanced semiconducting bandgap of up to 2.5 eV.Moreover,the CBM primarily arises from the overlap between metal states and interstitial charges,denoting a potential electride and forming a free-electron-like(FEL)state with small effective mass.This state offers high carrier mobilities for both electron and hole in bilayer SnO,suggesting its potential as a promising p-type semiconductor material.展开更多
Graphite serves as a pivotal anode material in lithium-ion batteries.However,issues such as the co-embedding of solvent molecules during cycling and rapid capacity degradation at high rates have greatly hampered the p...Graphite serves as a pivotal anode material in lithium-ion batteries.However,issues such as the co-embedding of solvent molecules during cycling and rapid capacity degradation at high rates have greatly hampered the practical application and development of graphite materials.Herein,this study proposes a straightforward,cost-effective,and environmentally benign strategy for modifying graphite anodes,with the dual objectives of enhancing high-rate capability and prolonging cycle life.Using water as the primary solvent and polyacrylonitrile as the coating material,a highly conductive,flexible,and strongly bonded polymer cladding layer is designed by combining solid-liquid coating and low-temperature heat treatment technologies.This innovative design not only effectively prevents the co-embedding of solvent molecules and mitigates the volume change of graphite particles during extended cycling,but also successfully constructs a dense and efficient electron transport network on the graphite surface.Leveraging the stability advantages brought by the high electron cloud overlap of C=N bonds(comprisingσbonds andπbonds),the conductivity and structural stability of the material are enhanced.This ultimately results in the successful synthesis of the G@C-PAN core-shell material,which exhibits high-rate performance and exceptional long-cycling stability.The results indicate that the material retains a high specific capacity of 328.12 mAh·g^(-1) with 96.18%capacity retention after 250 cycles at 0.5C.Furthermore,it exhibits an impressive specific capacity retention of 97.20%after 500 cycles at 2C.This study presents a sustainable,economically viable,and scalable approach for commercializing high-performance graphite-based lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
Efficiently and fast seeking specific lattices with targeted phonon thermal conductivityκ_(L)plays an important role in the thermal design and thermal management of materials.How to efficiently and accurately evaluat...Efficiently and fast seeking specific lattices with targeted phonon thermal conductivityκ_(L)plays an important role in the thermal design and thermal management of materials.How to efficiently and accurately evaluate the phonon lifetime determined by anharmonicity becomes a critical bottleneck when high-throughput measuring.Here,we propose a method of fast evaluating three-phonon scattering induced lifetime based on the many-body theory of phonon gas.In the high temperature limit,the phonon scattering rate is simply determined by the product of only two anharmonic parameters:the square of Grüneisen parameter and the phase space size of three-phonon scattering,both of which can be quickly derived from the harmonic phonon properties.We demonstrate the effectiveness of the method in high-throughput evaluatingκ_(L)the in firstprinciples calculation,which exhibits a good consistence with our collected experimental data.This method shows promising application potential in exploring material screening of the targetedκ_(L),which by improving the ability of characterizing phonon anharmonicity will further enhance the performanceκ_(L)of prediction.展开更多
In undergraduate statistical mechanics,we have learned that thermalization is the process of physical bodies reaching thermal equilibrium through mutual interaction.In general,the natural tendency of a system is towar...In undergraduate statistical mechanics,we have learned that thermalization is the process of physical bodies reaching thermal equilibrium through mutual interaction.In general,the natural tendency of a system is towards a state of equipartition of energy and uniform temperature that maximizes the system’s entropy.展开更多
The interfacial tension between two cell subpopulations in direct contact represents a key physical parameter responsible for the self-organization of tissues during biological processes such as morphogenesis and the ...The interfacial tension between two cell subpopulations in direct contact represents a key physical parameter responsible for the self-organization of tissues during biological processes such as morphogenesis and the spreading of cancers.Higher interfacial tension(i)reduces the spreading of cancer-mesenchymal cells through the epithelial subpopulation,(ii)ensures efficient cell segregation in co-cultured systems,(iii)can induce extrusion of cancer-mesenchymal cells along the biointerface with the epithelial subpopulation,and(iv)results in the generation of higher mechanical stress along the biointerface.Inhomogeneous distribution of the interfacial tension leads to the Marangoni effect,which further facilitates the rearrangement of cells.The formation of mobile stiffness gradients,known as durotaxis,under in vivo conditions is directly related to an inhomogeneous distribution of the interfacial tension.As the product of homotypic and heterotypic cell-cell interactions,the interfacial tension depends on the distance between the subpopulations,which varies over time.This review(i)summarizes biological aspects related to the homotypic and heterotypic cell-cell interactions along the biointerface,together with the viscoelasticity of cell subpopulations caused by collective cell migration and by compression(de-wetting)/extension(wetting)of the subpopulations;and(ii)describes these same biological aspects from a biophysical/mathematical perspective by pointing to the role played by the interfacial tension.展开更多
We review the physics of monolayer graphene in a strong magnetic field,with emphasis on highly collective states that emerge from the weakly interacting system because of correlations(emergent states).After reviewing ...We review the physics of monolayer graphene in a strong magnetic field,with emphasis on highly collective states that emerge from the weakly interacting system because of correlations(emergent states).After reviewing the general properties of graphene and of electrons in a magnetic field,we give a brief introduction to the integer quantum Hall effect(IQHE)and the fractional quantum Hall effect(FQHE)in a 2D electron gas as foundation to show that monolayer graphene in a magnetic field exhibits both effects,but with properties modified by the influence of the graphene crystal.After giving an introduction to standard methods of dealing with emergent states for this system,we show that an SO(8)fermion dynamical symmetry governs the emergent degrees of freedom and that the algebraic and group properties of the dynamical symmetry provide a new view of strongly correlated states observed in monolayer graphene subject to a strong magnetic field.展开更多
Despite extensive research,the achievement of tunable Chern numbers in quantum anomalous Hall(QAH)systems remains a challenge in the field of condensed matter physics.Here,we theoretically proposed that Ti_(2)X_(2)(X=...Despite extensive research,the achievement of tunable Chern numbers in quantum anomalous Hall(QAH)systems remains a challenge in the field of condensed matter physics.Here,we theoretically proposed that Ti_(2)X_(2)(X=P,As,Sb,Bi)can realize tunable Chern numbers QAH effect by adjusting their magnetization orientations.In the case of Ti_(2)P_(2) and Ti_(2)As_(2),if the magnetization lies in the x-y plane,and all C_(2) symmetries are broken,a low-Chern-number phase with C=1 will manifest.Conversely,if the magnetization is aligned to the z-axis,the systems enter a high-Chern number phase with C=3.As for Ti_(2)Sb_(2) and Ti_(2)Bi_(2),by manipulating the inplane magnetization orientation,these systems can periodically enter topological phases(C=±1)over a 60°interval.Adjusting the magnetization orientation from+z to-z will result in the systems’Chern number alternating between±1.The non-trivial gap in monolayer Ti_(2)X_(2)(X=P,As,Sb,Bi)can reach values of 23.4,54.4,60.8,and 88.2 meV,respectively.All of these values are close to the room-temperature energy scale.Furthermore,our research has revealed that the application of biaxial strain can effectively modify the magnetocrystalline anisotropic energy,which is advantageous in the manipulation of magnetization orientation.This work provides a family of large-gap QAH insulators with tunable Chern numbers,demonstrating promising prospects for future electronic applications.展开更多
Photonic moirélattices(PMLs),with unique twisted periodic patterns,provide a valuable platform for investigating strongly correlated materials,unconventional superconductivity,and the localization–delocalization...Photonic moirélattices(PMLs),with unique twisted periodic patterns,provide a valuable platform for investigating strongly correlated materials,unconventional superconductivity,and the localization–delocalization transition.However,PMLs created either by the misorientation between lattice layers or by twisted van der Waals materials are typically non-tunable and inherently possess immutable refractive indices.Unlike those in the moirélattices of twisted two-dimensional materials,our work reports a moirélattice formed by overlapping two identical sublattices with twisted angles in an ultracold atomic ensemble.This photoinduced moirélattice with two twisted sublattices exhibits high flexibility and rich periodicity through adjustable twisted angles.Our results indicate that both the absorption/dispersion coefficients and the transmission of the photoinduced moirélattices can be effectively tuned by photon detuning and Rabi frequency,resulting in amplitude-and phase-type moirélattices.Based on the Fraunhofer diffraction theory,we have demonstrated that the far-field diffraction efficiency can be adjusted via altering photon detuning,and the rotation angle serves as a control knob for modulating the diffracted intensity distribution,thereby optimizing the performance of the photonic lattice.It is also found that the operation domains of the moirélattices with different rotation angles remain consistent,allowing for seamless conversion between various moiréperiod structures.Furthermore,a moirélattice composed of three twisted sublattices is investigated,revealing that the diffraction energy is uniformly dispersed in a circular distribution,which provides excellent agility in the design of optical devices.Such tunable PML offer a powerful tool for studying light propagation control and the intriguing physics of twisted systems in atomic media.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)transition-metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)materials have unique band structure as well as excellent electrical and optical properties,which exhibit great advantages in optoelectronic devices.Chemical va...Two-dimensional(2D)transition-metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)materials have unique band structure as well as excellent electrical and optical properties,which exhibit great advantages in optoelectronic devices.Chemical vapor deposition(CVD),a method to realize the synthesis of large-scale 2D TMDs materials,will inevitably introduce defects in the growth process,thus decreasing the performance of 2D TMDs-based optoelectronic devices.In order to fundamentally address this issue,we proposed a method to gradually regulate the reaction concentration of precursor during growth.As a result,the suitable concentration of precursor can effectively enhance the probability of covalent binding of X-M(X:S,Se,etc.;M:Mo,W,etc.),thus suppressing the generation of vacancy defects.Furthermore,we explored sulfur vacancy(V_(S))on the performance of 2D molybdenum disulfide-based(MoS_(2)-based)self-powered devices through constructing p-type silicon/MoS_(2)(p-Si/MoS_(2))based p-n heterojunction.The photodetector composed of optimized MoS_(2) nanosheets exhibited high responsivity(330.14 A·W^(-1)),fast response speed(40μs/133μs),and excellent photovoltage stability.This method of regulating the low temperature region during CVD growth can realize the preparation of high-quality TMDs films and be applied in high-performance optoelectronic devices.展开更多
We propose a conceptual device for a multiplexed biosensor in a photonic crystal chip based on the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger mechanism.Remarkably,the proposed biosensor can identify three distinct disease markers through a...We propose a conceptual device for a multiplexed biosensor in a photonic crystal chip based on the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger mechanism.Remarkably,the proposed biosensor can identify three distinct disease markers through a single-shot photon transmission measurement,thanks to the couplings among the three Su-Schrieffer-Heeger boundary modes in the photonic crystal.Our biosensor design is more robust against defects and disorders that are inevitable in real-life device applications than previous designs.Such robustness is invaluable for achieving efficient,reliable,and integrated biosensing based on nanophotonic systems.We further demonstrate that various combinations of disease markers can be recognized via the photon transmission spectrum,thus unveiling a promising route toward high-performance,advanced biosensing for future biomedical technology.展开更多
Significant progress has been made in high-power ultrafast laser technology since the development of diode-pumped solid-state laser systems.Three main types of diode-pumped laser systems,InnoSlab,fiber,and thin disk l...Significant progress has been made in high-power ultrafast laser technology since the development of diode-pumped solid-state laser systems.Three main types of diode-pumped laser systems,InnoSlab,fiber,and thin disk lasers,offer highly efficient cooling geometries that are essential for highpower ultrafast amplifiers.These systems employ amplifier chain configurations customized to their individual geometries,scaling the low-power seed lasers to high power via multi-pass,multi-stage,and regenerative amplification techniques.The partially end-pumped InnoSlab amplifier is distinguished by its slab-shaped gain medium and a highly compact design.This design offers a large surface-to-volume ratio,moderate gain per pass,and reduced nonlinear effects,facilitating the amplification of low-power ultrafast seed laser pulses to kilowatt-level output power at high repetition rates in the multi-MHz range.This review highlights the characteristics of InnoSlab technology and its amplifier configurations,discussing recent advancements in new cavity designs aimed at enhancing gain and beam quality.Additionally,it covers the mechanisms of generating high peak power few-cycle pulses,including non-linear post-pulse compression.The review also explores the potential applications of InnoSlab systems for generating extreme ultraviolet(XUV)and terahertz(THz)frequencies.展开更多
Microwave-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(ME-LIBS)is a promising analysis technique for trace element detection with the advantage of high signal intensity.However,the shot-to-shot repeatability of the M...Microwave-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(ME-LIBS)is a promising analysis technique for trace element detection with the advantage of high signal intensity.However,the shot-to-shot repeatability of the ME-LIBS signal is relatively low,which affects the precision of the result and limits quantification performance.A cavity confinement microwave-enhanced laser-induced plasma(CC-ME-LIP)modulation method is proposed to improve the repeatability of the ME-LIBS signal.During the plasma evolution,cavity confinement provides an environment that regulates plasma around the microwave probe,controls plasma expansion,and minimizes interaction with the atmosphere.This behavior enhances the stability of the plasma morphology,leading to improved signal repeatability.In addition,confinement increases the energy transfer process within the plasma by the superimposition of two methods,resulting in a stronger signal intensity.The CC-ME-LIP modulation method is applied to the brass sample.The relative standard deviation(RSD)of the different copper and zinc lines has been reduced,along with an improvement of the intensity enhancement factor(IEF).For example,Cu 521.820 nm line RSD reduced from 29.11%(ME-LIBS)to 17.12%(CC-MELIBS)with an IEF of 1.08.The result demonstrated that the proposed approach significantly improves the repeatability of the ME-LIBS signal,thereby increasing the overall signal quality.To gain a deeper understanding,a detailed analysis of the mechanisms behind the increased signal intensity and improved repeatability was further investigated.展开更多
The persistent flow of superfluids is essential for understanding the fundamental characteristics of superfluidity and shows promise for applications in high-precision metrology and atomtronics.We proposed a protocol ...The persistent flow of superfluids is essential for understanding the fundamental characteristics of superfluidity and shows promise for applications in high-precision metrology and atomtronics.We proposed a protocol for generating persistent flows with significant winding numbers by employing a geometric quench and leveraging two-dimensional(2D)quantum turbulence.By subjecting the trap potential to sudden geometric quenches to drive the system far from equilibrium,we can reveal intriguing nonequilibrium phenomena.Our study demonstrates that transitioning from a single ring-shaped configuration to a double concentric ring-shaped configuration through a geometric quench does not induce a persistent current in Bose-Einstein condensates(BECs).The energy transfer from small to large length scales during the 2D turbulent cascade of vortices can generate persistent flow with a small winding number in toroidal BECs.Nonetheless,the interplay of geometric quench and turbulent cascade can lead to circulation flows that exhibit high stability,uniformity,and are devoid of topological excitations.We showcase the intricate nature of turbulence in our investigation,which is influenced by factors like boundaries and spatial dimensionality.This advancement holds promise for innovative atomtronic designs and provides insights into quantum tunneling and interacting quantum systems under extreme non-equilibrium conditions.展开更多
Gravitational wave data analysis(GWDA)faces significant challenges due to high-dimensional parameter spaces and non-Gaussian,non-stationary artifacts in the interferometer background,which traditional methods have mad...Gravitational wave data analysis(GWDA)faces significant challenges due to high-dimensional parameter spaces and non-Gaussian,non-stationary artifacts in the interferometer background,which traditional methods have made significant progress in addressing but continue to face limitations.Artificial intelligence(AI),particularly deep learning(DL)algorithms,offers potential advantages,including computational efficiency,scalability,and adaptability,which may complement traditional approaches in tackling these challenges more effectively.In this review,we explore AI-driven approaches to GWDA,covering every stage of the pipeline and presenting first explorations in waveform modeling and parameter estimation.This work represents the most comprehensive review to date,integrating the latest AI advancements with practical GWDA applications.Our meta-analysis reveals insights and trends,highlighting the transformative potential of AI in revolutionizing gravitational wave research and paving the way for future discoveries.展开更多
Neutral triple gauge couplings(nTGCs)are absent in the Standard Model(SM)and at the dimension-6 level in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory(SMEFT),arising first from dimension-8 operators.As such,they provide a...Neutral triple gauge couplings(nTGCs)are absent in the Standard Model(SM)and at the dimension-6 level in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory(SMEFT),arising first from dimension-8 operators.As such,they provide a unique window for probing new physics beyond the SM.These dimension-8 operators can be mapped to nTGC form factors whose structure is consistent with the spontaneously-broken electroweak gauge symmetry of the SM.In this work,we study the probes of nTGCs in the reaction e^(+)e^(-)→Z_(γ)with Z→l^(+)l^(-)(l=e,μ)at an e^(+)e^(-)collider.We perform a detector-level simulation and analysis of this reaction at the Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)with collision energy√s=240 GeV and an integrated luminosity of 20 ab−1.We present the sensitivity limits on probing the new physics scales of dimension-8 nTGC operators via measurements of the corresponding nTGC form factors.展开更多
Pressure serves as a powerful approach to regulating the thermal conductivity of materials.By applying pressure,one can alter the lattice symmetry,atomic spacing,and phonon scattering mechanisms,thereby exerting a pro...Pressure serves as a powerful approach to regulating the thermal conductivity of materials.By applying pressure,one can alter the lattice symmetry,atomic spacing,and phonon scattering mechanisms,thereby exerting a profound influence on thermal transport properties.SnS,sharing the same crystal structure as SnSe,has often been overlooked due to its higher lattice thermal conductivity.While extensive efforts have been dedicated to enhancing the power factor of SnS through doping,its thermal transport properties remain underexplored,limiting its potential as a thermoelectric material.In this study,we investigated the impact of pressure modulation on the thermoelectric performance of SnS.Remarkably,the application of negative pressure significantly enhanced its thermal transport characteristics,leading to a reduction in the lattice thermal conductivity(κL)along the axis to 0.23 W/(m·K)at 800 K,on par with that of SnSe.Despite the negligible improvement in carrier mobility under negative pressure,the electronic transport properties were preserved within an acceptable range.Most notably,a maximum ZT value of 2.7 was achieved along the axis at 800 K,marking a substantial advancement in the thermoelectric performance of n-type SnS.展开更多
基金supported by the Start-up Research Fund of Southeast University(Grant No.RF1028624196)the Gordon and Betty Moore foundation,EPiQS initiative(Grant No.GBMF-9066)the Basic Sciences Division of the US Department of Energy(Grant No.DE-FG02-98ER45706)。
文摘The interplay of crystal electric field,temperature,and spin–orbit coupling can yield a Kramer ion and thus an effective S=1/2 ground state for Co^(2+)ions(3d^(7)),which is often the case for low-dimensional materials.This is because a highly anisotropic structural motif can force the spins to point either“up”or“down,”thereby creating a system where spins communicate via Ising interactions.Cobalt-based quasi-1-dimensional materials have been studied in this context since the latter half of the 20th century.However,due to the development of modern characterization techniques and advances in sample preparation,the exotic physical phenomena that have generated the most interest have only emerged in the past three to four decades.This topical review mainly summarizes progress in cobalt-based quasi-1-dimensional quantum magnets and comments on a few research directions of potential future interest.
文摘Recently,Long et al.[1]at the Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences,in collaboration with the partners,proposed the theory of oneway quantum secure direct communication(QSDC)and successfully developed a practical system.This achievement set a world record for long-distance stable transmission,demonstrating a rate of 2.38 kbps at a distance of 104.8 km over 168 hours.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2024YFA1611103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12350410367,12074360,12374128,12074386,12250410238,and 62150410438)+3 种基金the Alliance of International Science Organizations(Grant Nos.ANSO-VF-2022-03 and ANSO-VF-2024-03)Anhui Provincial Major S&T Project(Grant No.s202305a12020005)A portion of this work was supported by the Basic Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Based on Major Scientific Infrastructures(Grant No.JZHKYPT-2021-08)the High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province under Contract No.AHHM-FX-2020-02.
文摘Fe_(3)GaTe_(2)has attracted significant interest due to its intrinsic room-temperature ferromagnetism,yet its magnetic interactions remain debated.We thoroughly investigate the magnetism of Fe_(3)GaTe_(2)using critical analysis,nitrogen–vacancy(NV)center magnetometry,and Density Function Theory(DFT).Our critical phenomenon analysis with exponents[β=0.3706(9),=1.32(6),σ=4.7(2)]and DFT calculations reveal competition between itinerant and localized spins driven by anisotropic coupling,which can be attributed to a net charge transfer of approximately 0.22 electrons from Fe^(3+)to surrounding Ge/Te atoms.As confirmed by NV center magnetometry,the ferromagnetism in Fe_(3)GaTe_(2)remains robust even in thin-layered sheet of 16 nm(corresponding to approximately 20 layers).The out-of-plane ferromagnetism in thin Fe_(3)GaTe_(2)sheets is stabilized due to the distinct spin interaction energies between intralayers(J_(1)~66.74 meV andJ_(2)~17.33 meV)and interlayers(J_(z)~3.78 meV).In addition,the constant energy contour profiles near the Fermi surface of Fe_(3)GaTe_(2)suggest the presence of both hole and electron pockets with a distorted contour around the K/K′point,indicating hexagonal trigonal warping effects.Furthermore,the layer-resolved electronic band structure uncovers a layer–valley coupling near the Fermi surface,with bands at valleys K and K′associated with different layers.These findings pave way for advanced electronic applications operating above-room-temperature.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21933006 and 21773124)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Nankai University(Nos.63243091 and 63233001)the Supercomputing Center of Nankai University(NKSC).
文摘In materials science,data-driven methods accelerate material discovery and optimization while reducing costs and improving success rates.Symbolic regression is a key to extracting material descriptors from large datasets,in particular the Sure Independence Screening and Sparsifying Operator(SISSO)method.While SISSO needs to store the entire expression space to impose heavy memory demands,it limits the performance in complex problems.To address this issue,we propose a RF-SISSO algorithm by combining Random Forests(RF)with SISSO.In this algorithm,the Random Forests algorithm is used for prescreening,capturing non-linear relationships and improving feature selection,which may enhance the quality of the input data and boost the accuracy and efficiency on regression and classification tasks.For a testing on the SISSO’s verification problem for 299 materials,RF-SISSO demonstrates its robust performance and high accuracy.RF-SISSO can maintain the testing accuracy above 0.9 across all four training sample sizes and significantly enhancing regression efficiency,especially in training subsets with smaller sample sizes.For the training subset with 45 samples,the efficiency of RF-SISSO was 265 times higher than that of original SISSO.As collecting large datasets would be both costly and time-consuming in the practical experiments,it is thus believed that RF-SISSO may benefit scientific researches by offering a high predicting accuracy with limited data efficiently.
基金the financial support from the Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST)of China(Grant No.2023YFA1406500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11974422 and 12104504)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,and the Research Funds of Renmin University of China(Grant No.22XNKJ30)(W.J.)supported by the Outstanding Innovative Talents Cultivation Funded Programs 2023 of Renmin University of China.
文摘In conventional electrides,excess electrons are localized in crystal voids to serve as anions.Most of these electrides are metallic and the metal cations are primarily from the s-block,d-block,or rare-earth elements.Here,we report a class of p-block metal-based electrides found in bilayer SnO and PbO,which are semiconducting and feature electride states in both the valence band(VB)and conduction band(CB),as referred to 2D“bipolar”electrides.These bilayers are hybrid electrides where excess electrons are localized in the interlayer region and hybridize with the orbitals of Sn atoms in the VB,exhibiting strong covalent-like interactions with neighboring metal atoms.Compared to previously studied hybrid electrides,the higher electronegativity of Sn and Pb enhances these covalent-like interactions,leading to largely enhanced semiconducting bandgap of up to 2.5 eV.Moreover,the CBM primarily arises from the overlap between metal states and interstitial charges,denoting a potential electride and forming a free-electron-like(FEL)state with small effective mass.This state offers high carrier mobilities for both electron and hole in bilayer SnO,suggesting its potential as a promising p-type semiconductor material.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Projects of the State Grid Corporation of China(No.5500-202323102A-1-1-ZN)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2023JJ10005)+1 种基金the Key Project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education(Grant No.23A0057)Youth Support Project of Hunan Normal University(Grant No.240649).
文摘Graphite serves as a pivotal anode material in lithium-ion batteries.However,issues such as the co-embedding of solvent molecules during cycling and rapid capacity degradation at high rates have greatly hampered the practical application and development of graphite materials.Herein,this study proposes a straightforward,cost-effective,and environmentally benign strategy for modifying graphite anodes,with the dual objectives of enhancing high-rate capability and prolonging cycle life.Using water as the primary solvent and polyacrylonitrile as the coating material,a highly conductive,flexible,and strongly bonded polymer cladding layer is designed by combining solid-liquid coating and low-temperature heat treatment technologies.This innovative design not only effectively prevents the co-embedding of solvent molecules and mitigates the volume change of graphite particles during extended cycling,but also successfully constructs a dense and efficient electron transport network on the graphite surface.Leveraging the stability advantages brought by the high electron cloud overlap of C=N bonds(comprisingσbonds andπbonds),the conductivity and structural stability of the material are enhanced.This ultimately results in the successful synthesis of the G@C-PAN core-shell material,which exhibits high-rate performance and exceptional long-cycling stability.The results indicate that the material retains a high specific capacity of 328.12 mAh·g^(-1) with 96.18%capacity retention after 250 cycles at 0.5C.Furthermore,it exhibits an impressive specific capacity retention of 97.20%after 500 cycles at 2C.This study presents a sustainable,economically viable,and scalable approach for commercializing high-performance graphite-based lithium-ion batteries.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11935010)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.23ZR1481200)+2 种基金the Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(No.23XD1423800)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1404400)the Opening Project of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology.
文摘Efficiently and fast seeking specific lattices with targeted phonon thermal conductivityκ_(L)plays an important role in the thermal design and thermal management of materials.How to efficiently and accurately evaluate the phonon lifetime determined by anharmonicity becomes a critical bottleneck when high-throughput measuring.Here,we propose a method of fast evaluating three-phonon scattering induced lifetime based on the many-body theory of phonon gas.In the high temperature limit,the phonon scattering rate is simply determined by the product of only two anharmonic parameters:the square of Grüneisen parameter and the phase space size of three-phonon scattering,both of which can be quickly derived from the harmonic phonon properties.We demonstrate the effectiveness of the method in high-throughput evaluatingκ_(L)the in firstprinciples calculation,which exhibits a good consistence with our collected experimental data.This method shows promising application potential in exploring material screening of the targetedκ_(L),which by improving the ability of characterizing phonon anharmonicity will further enhance the performanceκ_(L)of prediction.
基金supported by the US NSF under Grant No.PHY-2207283 and the Welch Foundation with Grant No.C-1669.
文摘In undergraduate statistical mechanics,we have learned that thermalization is the process of physical bodies reaching thermal equilibrium through mutual interaction.In general,the natural tendency of a system is towards a state of equipartition of energy and uniform temperature that maximizes the system’s entropy.
基金supported in part by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council,United Kingdom(Grant No.EP/X004597/1)by the Ministry of Science,Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia(Contract No.451-03-65/2024-03/200135).
文摘The interfacial tension between two cell subpopulations in direct contact represents a key physical parameter responsible for the self-organization of tissues during biological processes such as morphogenesis and the spreading of cancers.Higher interfacial tension(i)reduces the spreading of cancer-mesenchymal cells through the epithelial subpopulation,(ii)ensures efficient cell segregation in co-cultured systems,(iii)can induce extrusion of cancer-mesenchymal cells along the biointerface with the epithelial subpopulation,and(iv)results in the generation of higher mechanical stress along the biointerface.Inhomogeneous distribution of the interfacial tension leads to the Marangoni effect,which further facilitates the rearrangement of cells.The formation of mobile stiffness gradients,known as durotaxis,under in vivo conditions is directly related to an inhomogeneous distribution of the interfacial tension.As the product of homotypic and heterotypic cell-cell interactions,the interfacial tension depends on the distance between the subpopulations,which varies over time.This review(i)summarizes biological aspects related to the homotypic and heterotypic cell-cell interactions along the biointerface,together with the viscoelasticity of cell subpopulations caused by collective cell migration and by compression(de-wetting)/extension(wetting)of the subpopulations;and(ii)describes these same biological aspects from a biophysical/mathematical perspective by pointing to the role played by the interfacial tension.
文摘We review the physics of monolayer graphene in a strong magnetic field,with emphasis on highly collective states that emerge from the weakly interacting system because of correlations(emergent states).After reviewing the general properties of graphene and of electrons in a magnetic field,we give a brief introduction to the integer quantum Hall effect(IQHE)and the fractional quantum Hall effect(FQHE)in a 2D electron gas as foundation to show that monolayer graphene in a magnetic field exhibits both effects,but with properties modified by the influence of the graphene crystal.After giving an introduction to standard methods of dealing with emergent states for this system,we show that an SO(8)fermion dynamical symmetry governs the emergent degrees of freedom and that the algebraic and group properties of the dynamical symmetry provide a new view of strongly correlated states observed in monolayer graphene subject to a strong magnetic field.
基金the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.30930852,62371397,and 62374134)the start-up funds from Northwestern Polytechnical University.
文摘Despite extensive research,the achievement of tunable Chern numbers in quantum anomalous Hall(QAH)systems remains a challenge in the field of condensed matter physics.Here,we theoretically proposed that Ti_(2)X_(2)(X=P,As,Sb,Bi)can realize tunable Chern numbers QAH effect by adjusting their magnetization orientations.In the case of Ti_(2)P_(2) and Ti_(2)As_(2),if the magnetization lies in the x-y plane,and all C_(2) symmetries are broken,a low-Chern-number phase with C=1 will manifest.Conversely,if the magnetization is aligned to the z-axis,the systems enter a high-Chern number phase with C=3.As for Ti_(2)Sb_(2) and Ti_(2)Bi_(2),by manipulating the inplane magnetization orientation,these systems can periodically enter topological phases(C=±1)over a 60°interval.Adjusting the magnetization orientation from+z to-z will result in the systems’Chern number alternating between±1.The non-trivial gap in monolayer Ti_(2)X_(2)(X=P,As,Sb,Bi)can reach values of 23.4,54.4,60.8,and 88.2 meV,respectively.All of these values are close to the room-temperature energy scale.Furthermore,our research has revealed that the application of biaxial strain can effectively modify the magnetocrystalline anisotropic energy,which is advantageous in the manipulation of magnetization orientation.This work provides a family of large-gap QAH insulators with tunable Chern numbers,demonstrating promising prospects for future electronic applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant Nos.62074127,U21A2073,62304173,62304175,62404177,61804122,11874142,61627812,61705176,11874102,11474048,and 61805068)the Natural Science Fund of Shaanxi Province(Grant Nos.2018JQ6002,2021JQ062,2021JQ056,and 2021GY223)+4 种基金the Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant Nos.2019M653637,2019M660256,and 2017M620300)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFE0125900)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(FRFCU)(Grant No.ZYGX2019J102)the National Key R&D Program of China(NK R&D PC)(Grant Nos.2021YFB3602100,2017YFB0402800,and 2017YFB0402802)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2024JC-YBMS-505).
文摘Photonic moirélattices(PMLs),with unique twisted periodic patterns,provide a valuable platform for investigating strongly correlated materials,unconventional superconductivity,and the localization–delocalization transition.However,PMLs created either by the misorientation between lattice layers or by twisted van der Waals materials are typically non-tunable and inherently possess immutable refractive indices.Unlike those in the moirélattices of twisted two-dimensional materials,our work reports a moirélattice formed by overlapping two identical sublattices with twisted angles in an ultracold atomic ensemble.This photoinduced moirélattice with two twisted sublattices exhibits high flexibility and rich periodicity through adjustable twisted angles.Our results indicate that both the absorption/dispersion coefficients and the transmission of the photoinduced moirélattices can be effectively tuned by photon detuning and Rabi frequency,resulting in amplitude-and phase-type moirélattices.Based on the Fraunhofer diffraction theory,we have demonstrated that the far-field diffraction efficiency can be adjusted via altering photon detuning,and the rotation angle serves as a control knob for modulating the diffracted intensity distribution,thereby optimizing the performance of the photonic lattice.It is also found that the operation domains of the moirélattices with different rotation angles remain consistent,allowing for seamless conversion between various moiréperiod structures.Furthermore,a moirélattice composed of three twisted sublattices is investigated,revealing that the diffraction energy is uniformly dispersed in a circular distribution,which provides excellent agility in the design of optical devices.Such tunable PML offer a powerful tool for studying light propagation control and the intriguing physics of twisted systems in atomic media.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62174015)Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province(No.YDZJ202402081CXJD).
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)transition-metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)materials have unique band structure as well as excellent electrical and optical properties,which exhibit great advantages in optoelectronic devices.Chemical vapor deposition(CVD),a method to realize the synthesis of large-scale 2D TMDs materials,will inevitably introduce defects in the growth process,thus decreasing the performance of 2D TMDs-based optoelectronic devices.In order to fundamentally address this issue,we proposed a method to gradually regulate the reaction concentration of precursor during growth.As a result,the suitable concentration of precursor can effectively enhance the probability of covalent binding of X-M(X:S,Se,etc.;M:Mo,W,etc.),thus suppressing the generation of vacancy defects.Furthermore,we explored sulfur vacancy(V_(S))on the performance of 2D molybdenum disulfide-based(MoS_(2)-based)self-powered devices through constructing p-type silicon/MoS_(2)(p-Si/MoS_(2))based p-n heterojunction.The photodetector composed of optimized MoS_(2) nanosheets exhibited high responsivity(330.14 A·W^(-1)),fast response speed(40μs/133μs),and excellent photovoltage stability.This method of regulating the low temperature region during CVD growth can realize the preparation of high-quality TMDs films and be applied in high-performance optoelectronic devices.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFA1404400)support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12125504 and12074281)the Priority Academic Program Development(PAPD)of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘We propose a conceptual device for a multiplexed biosensor in a photonic crystal chip based on the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger mechanism.Remarkably,the proposed biosensor can identify three distinct disease markers through a single-shot photon transmission measurement,thanks to the couplings among the three Su-Schrieffer-Heeger boundary modes in the photonic crystal.Our biosensor design is more robust against defects and disorders that are inevitable in real-life device applications than previous designs.Such robustness is invaluable for achieving efficient,reliable,and integrated biosensing based on nanophotonic systems.We further demonstrate that various combinations of disease markers can be recognized via the photon transmission spectrum,thus unveiling a promising route toward high-performance,advanced biosensing for future biomedical technology.
基金the National Key Research and Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62105225,62275174,61975136,and 61935014)the Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3605800)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Top Talent of Shenzhen Technology University(No.GDRC202106)Shenzhen University Stability Support Project(Nos.20220719104008001 and 20220718173849001)Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Materials for Advanced MEMS Sensor Chip(No.2022GCZX005).
文摘Significant progress has been made in high-power ultrafast laser technology since the development of diode-pumped solid-state laser systems.Three main types of diode-pumped laser systems,InnoSlab,fiber,and thin disk lasers,offer highly efficient cooling geometries that are essential for highpower ultrafast amplifiers.These systems employ amplifier chain configurations customized to their individual geometries,scaling the low-power seed lasers to high power via multi-pass,multi-stage,and regenerative amplification techniques.The partially end-pumped InnoSlab amplifier is distinguished by its slab-shaped gain medium and a highly compact design.This design offers a large surface-to-volume ratio,moderate gain per pass,and reduced nonlinear effects,facilitating the amplification of low-power ultrafast seed laser pulses to kilowatt-level output power at high repetition rates in the multi-MHz range.This review highlights the characteristics of InnoSlab technology and its amplifier configurations,discussing recent advancements in new cavity designs aimed at enhancing gain and beam quality.Additionally,it covers the mechanisms of generating high peak power few-cycle pulses,including non-linear post-pulse compression.The review also explores the potential applications of InnoSlab systems for generating extreme ultraviolet(XUV)and terahertz(THz)frequencies.
基金the financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFB4102900)the Carbon Neutrality and Energy System Transformation(CNEST)Program led by Tsinghua UniversityHuaneng Group Science and Technology Research Project(No.HNKJ22-H105).
文摘Microwave-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(ME-LIBS)is a promising analysis technique for trace element detection with the advantage of high signal intensity.However,the shot-to-shot repeatability of the ME-LIBS signal is relatively low,which affects the precision of the result and limits quantification performance.A cavity confinement microwave-enhanced laser-induced plasma(CC-ME-LIP)modulation method is proposed to improve the repeatability of the ME-LIBS signal.During the plasma evolution,cavity confinement provides an environment that regulates plasma around the microwave probe,controls plasma expansion,and minimizes interaction with the atmosphere.This behavior enhances the stability of the plasma morphology,leading to improved signal repeatability.In addition,confinement increases the energy transfer process within the plasma by the superimposition of two methods,resulting in a stronger signal intensity.The CC-ME-LIP modulation method is applied to the brass sample.The relative standard deviation(RSD)of the different copper and zinc lines has been reduced,along with an improvement of the intensity enhancement factor(IEF).For example,Cu 521.820 nm line RSD reduced from 29.11%(ME-LIBS)to 17.12%(CC-MELIBS)with an IEF of 1.08.The result demonstrated that the proposed approach significantly improves the repeatability of the ME-LIBS signal,thereby increasing the overall signal quality.To gain a deeper understanding,a detailed analysis of the mechanisms behind the increased signal intensity and improved repeatability was further investigated.
基金s supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12175180,11934015,12247103,12174461,12234012,12334012,and 52327808)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFA1400900,2021YFA0718300,and 2024YFF0726700)+1 种基金the Space Application System of China Manned Space Program,the Major Basic Research Program of Natural Science of Shaanxi Province(Grant Nos.2017KCT-12 and 2017ZDJC-32)the Shaanxi Fundamental Science Research Project for Mathematics and Physics(Grant No.22JSZ005)。
文摘The persistent flow of superfluids is essential for understanding the fundamental characteristics of superfluidity and shows promise for applications in high-precision metrology and atomtronics.We proposed a protocol for generating persistent flows with significant winding numbers by employing a geometric quench and leveraging two-dimensional(2D)quantum turbulence.By subjecting the trap potential to sudden geometric quenches to drive the system far from equilibrium,we can reveal intriguing nonequilibrium phenomena.Our study demonstrates that transitioning from a single ring-shaped configuration to a double concentric ring-shaped configuration through a geometric quench does not induce a persistent current in Bose-Einstein condensates(BECs).The energy transfer from small to large length scales during the 2D turbulent cascade of vortices can generate persistent flow with a small winding number in toroidal BECs.Nonetheless,the interplay of geometric quench and turbulent cascade can lead to circulation flows that exhibit high stability,uniformity,and are devoid of topological excitations.We showcase the intricate nature of turbulence in our investigation,which is influenced by factors like boundaries and spatial dimensionality.This advancement holds promise for innovative atomtronic designs and provides insights into quantum tunneling and interacting quantum systems under extreme non-equilibrium conditions.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFC2203001)in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.11920101003 and 12021003)。
文摘Gravitational wave data analysis(GWDA)faces significant challenges due to high-dimensional parameter spaces and non-Gaussian,non-stationary artifacts in the interferometer background,which traditional methods have made significant progress in addressing but continue to face limitations.Artificial intelligence(AI),particularly deep learning(DL)algorithms,offers potential advantages,including computational efficiency,scalability,and adaptability,which may complement traditional approaches in tackling these challenges more effectively.In this review,we explore AI-driven approaches to GWDA,covering every stage of the pipeline and presenting first explorations in waveform modeling and parameter estimation.This work represents the most comprehensive review to date,integrating the latest AI advancements with practical GWDA applications.Our meta-analysis reveals insights and trends,highlighting the transformative potential of AI in revolutionizing gravitational wave research and paving the way for future discoveries.
文摘Neutral triple gauge couplings(nTGCs)are absent in the Standard Model(SM)and at the dimension-6 level in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory(SMEFT),arising first from dimension-8 operators.As such,they provide a unique window for probing new physics beyond the SM.These dimension-8 operators can be mapped to nTGC form factors whose structure is consistent with the spontaneously-broken electroweak gauge symmetry of the SM.In this work,we study the probes of nTGCs in the reaction e^(+)e^(-)→Z_(γ)with Z→l^(+)l^(-)(l=e,μ)at an e^(+)e^(-)collider.We perform a detector-level simulation and analysis of this reaction at the Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)with collision energy√s=240 GeV and an integrated luminosity of 20 ab−1.We present the sensitivity limits on probing the new physics scales of dimension-8 nTGC operators via measurements of the corresponding nTGC form factors.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52072188)the Program for Science and Technology Innovation Team in Zhejiang(No.2021R01004)acknowledge the Institute of High Pressure Physics of Ningbo University for its computational resources。
文摘Pressure serves as a powerful approach to regulating the thermal conductivity of materials.By applying pressure,one can alter the lattice symmetry,atomic spacing,and phonon scattering mechanisms,thereby exerting a profound influence on thermal transport properties.SnS,sharing the same crystal structure as SnSe,has often been overlooked due to its higher lattice thermal conductivity.While extensive efforts have been dedicated to enhancing the power factor of SnS through doping,its thermal transport properties remain underexplored,limiting its potential as a thermoelectric material.In this study,we investigated the impact of pressure modulation on the thermoelectric performance of SnS.Remarkably,the application of negative pressure significantly enhanced its thermal transport characteristics,leading to a reduction in the lattice thermal conductivity(κL)along the axis to 0.23 W/(m·K)at 800 K,on par with that of SnSe.Despite the negligible improvement in carrier mobility under negative pressure,the electronic transport properties were preserved within an acceptable range.Most notably,a maximum ZT value of 2.7 was achieved along the axis at 800 K,marking a substantial advancement in the thermoelectric performance of n-type SnS.
