Herein,we report the dynamic kinetic resolution asymmetric acylation ofγ-hydroxy-γ-perfluoroalkyl butenolides/phthalides catalyzed by amino acid-derived bifunctional organocatalysts,and a series of ketals were obtai...Herein,we report the dynamic kinetic resolution asymmetric acylation ofγ-hydroxy-γ-perfluoroalkyl butenolides/phthalides catalyzed by amino acid-derived bifunctional organocatalysts,and a series of ketals were obtained in high yields(up to 95%)and excellent enantioselectivities(up to 99%).In terms of synthetic utility,the reaction can be performed on a gram scale,and the product can be converted into potential biological nucleoside analog.展开更多
Aldehydes are valuable intermediates with widespread industrial applications,and their traditional synthesis relies on chemical oxidation that is often hazardous and environmentally unfriendly.Electrochemical oxidatio...Aldehydes are valuable intermediates with widespread industrial applications,and their traditional synthesis relies on chemical oxidation that is often hazardous and environmentally unfriendly.Electrochemical oxidation offers a more sustainable and milder alternative;however,it faces challenges such as aldehyde overoxidation and susceptibility to base-catalyzed Cannizzaro disproportionation.Electrochemical glycerol oxidation to glyceraldehyde is a representative example,which typically requires precious metal-based electrocatalysts but still suffers from low selectivity and activity.Here,we report a metal-free oxidation strategy mediated by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl.By systematically investigating the redox thermodynamics and kinetics of TEMPO across a broad pH range,we construct a Pourbaix diagram and elucidate the relative kinetics of each reaction step.These insights allow us to explain the anomalously high apparent Faradaic efficiency(~200%)observed under acidic conditions,and identify neutral media as the optimal environment for selective glyceraldehyde production.Under optimized conditions,our system achieves a glyceraldehyde Faradaic efficiency exceeding 93%and a partial current density of 23.3 mA cm^(-2)at 0.57 V—more than doubling the performance of the best reported precious metal-based systems.Furthermore,the versatility of this strategy extends to the selective oxidation of other primary alcohols to their corresponding aldehydes with near-unity selectivity.展开更多
以(NH_(4))_(6)Mo_(7)O_(24)·4H_(2)O、Bi(NO_(3))_(3)·5H_(2)O、Fe(NO_(3))_(3)·9H_(2)O、Co(NO_(3))_(2)·6H_(2)O和KNO_(3)为前驱体金属盐,通过共沉淀法制备了一系列MoBiFeCoK混合氧化物催化剂,考察了主金属Mo、...以(NH_(4))_(6)Mo_(7)O_(24)·4H_(2)O、Bi(NO_(3))_(3)·5H_(2)O、Fe(NO_(3))_(3)·9H_(2)O、Co(NO_(3))_(2)·6H_(2)O和KNO_(3)为前驱体金属盐,通过共沉淀法制备了一系列MoBiFeCoK混合氧化物催化剂,考察了主金属Mo、Bi,助金属Fe、Co和掺杂金属K含量对催化剂催化异丁烯气相氧化反应的影响,通过SEM、EDX、XRD、NH_(3)-TPD对掺杂K前后的催化剂进行了表征,同时对催化异丁烯气相氧化反应条件进行了优化,并测试其100 h的催化稳定性。结果表明,Bi、Fe、Co和K的含量对MoBiFeCoK混合氧化物催化剂催化异丁烯气相氧化反应的性能有显著影响,其中,Mo_(12)Bi_(1.2)Fe_(3)Co_(8)K_(0.4)表现出最优催化性能;K的掺杂降低了催化剂酸量(从Mo12Bi1.2Fe3Co8的15.27μmol/g降至Mo_(12)Bi_(1.2)Fe_(3)Co_(8)K_(0.4)的5.91μmol/g),并明显提升主产物甲基丙烯醛(MAL)的选择性;异丁烯气相氧化反应的最佳条件为:以0.66 g Mo_(12)Bi_(1.2)Fe_(3)Co_(8)K_(0.4)为催化剂,反应温度320℃,n(O_(2))∶n(异丁烯)(氧烯比)=10∶1,体积空速(GHSV)=2000h^(-1)。在该条件下,Mo_(12)Bi_(1.2)Fe_(3)Co_(8)K_(0.4)在100h的催化异丁烯气相氧化反应中表现稳定,异丁烯转化率保持在98.6%,MAL选择性保持在86.4%。展开更多
文摘采用共沉淀法以TiO_(2)为载体制备系列V/Cu催化剂,以乙醇与空气为原料,在固定床反应器上探究了影响反应的因素,结果表明:负载金属组分为V(2wt%)/Cu(0.5wt%)时催化效果最佳,且反应温度为450℃、床层空速60 h-1、氧醇比为0.41、系统压力为60 k Pa时,乙醇转化率达到83.3%,乙醛收率达到96.9%。在连续反应了360 h后,催化剂仍具有良好的活性,乙醇转化率维持在80%以上。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82130103,82151525 and 81903465)the Central Plains Scholars and Scientists Studio Fund(2018002)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(No.212300410051)the Science and Technology Major Project of Henan Province(No.221100310300)。
文摘Herein,we report the dynamic kinetic resolution asymmetric acylation ofγ-hydroxy-γ-perfluoroalkyl butenolides/phthalides catalyzed by amino acid-derived bifunctional organocatalysts,and a series of ketals were obtained in high yields(up to 95%)and excellent enantioselectivities(up to 99%).In terms of synthetic utility,the reaction can be performed on a gram scale,and the product can be converted into potential biological nucleoside analog.
文摘Aldehydes are valuable intermediates with widespread industrial applications,and their traditional synthesis relies on chemical oxidation that is often hazardous and environmentally unfriendly.Electrochemical oxidation offers a more sustainable and milder alternative;however,it faces challenges such as aldehyde overoxidation and susceptibility to base-catalyzed Cannizzaro disproportionation.Electrochemical glycerol oxidation to glyceraldehyde is a representative example,which typically requires precious metal-based electrocatalysts but still suffers from low selectivity and activity.Here,we report a metal-free oxidation strategy mediated by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl.By systematically investigating the redox thermodynamics and kinetics of TEMPO across a broad pH range,we construct a Pourbaix diagram and elucidate the relative kinetics of each reaction step.These insights allow us to explain the anomalously high apparent Faradaic efficiency(~200%)observed under acidic conditions,and identify neutral media as the optimal environment for selective glyceraldehyde production.Under optimized conditions,our system achieves a glyceraldehyde Faradaic efficiency exceeding 93%and a partial current density of 23.3 mA cm^(-2)at 0.57 V—more than doubling the performance of the best reported precious metal-based systems.Furthermore,the versatility of this strategy extends to the selective oxidation of other primary alcohols to their corresponding aldehydes with near-unity selectivity.
文摘以(NH_(4))_(6)Mo_(7)O_(24)·4H_(2)O、Bi(NO_(3))_(3)·5H_(2)O、Fe(NO_(3))_(3)·9H_(2)O、Co(NO_(3))_(2)·6H_(2)O和KNO_(3)为前驱体金属盐,通过共沉淀法制备了一系列MoBiFeCoK混合氧化物催化剂,考察了主金属Mo、Bi,助金属Fe、Co和掺杂金属K含量对催化剂催化异丁烯气相氧化反应的影响,通过SEM、EDX、XRD、NH_(3)-TPD对掺杂K前后的催化剂进行了表征,同时对催化异丁烯气相氧化反应条件进行了优化,并测试其100 h的催化稳定性。结果表明,Bi、Fe、Co和K的含量对MoBiFeCoK混合氧化物催化剂催化异丁烯气相氧化反应的性能有显著影响,其中,Mo_(12)Bi_(1.2)Fe_(3)Co_(8)K_(0.4)表现出最优催化性能;K的掺杂降低了催化剂酸量(从Mo12Bi1.2Fe3Co8的15.27μmol/g降至Mo_(12)Bi_(1.2)Fe_(3)Co_(8)K_(0.4)的5.91μmol/g),并明显提升主产物甲基丙烯醛(MAL)的选择性;异丁烯气相氧化反应的最佳条件为:以0.66 g Mo_(12)Bi_(1.2)Fe_(3)Co_(8)K_(0.4)为催化剂,反应温度320℃,n(O_(2))∶n(异丁烯)(氧烯比)=10∶1,体积空速(GHSV)=2000h^(-1)。在该条件下,Mo_(12)Bi_(1.2)Fe_(3)Co_(8)K_(0.4)在100h的催化异丁烯气相氧化反应中表现稳定,异丁烯转化率保持在98.6%,MAL选择性保持在86.4%。
