In an era dominated by visual information,the display interface serves as a critical gateway between the human and digital worlds.The relentless pursuit of visual immersion has driven display technology from cinema sc...In an era dominated by visual information,the display interface serves as a critical gateway between the human and digital worlds.The relentless pursuit of visual immersion has driven display technology from cinema screens to smart-phones and now to virtual and augmented reality(VR/AR)headsets,progressively moving closer to the human eye.This evolution places unprecedented demands on pixel density,power efficiency,and form factor,pushing up against funda-mental physical and physiological limits.展开更多
Head-up displays(HUDs)are emerging as key components of intelligent vehicles,requiring wide-depth,large-area,and high-efficiency dynamic imaging,which remains difficult to realize with traditional refractive optics.Co...Head-up displays(HUDs)are emerging as key components of intelligent vehicles,requiring wide-depth,large-area,and high-efficiency dynamic imaging,which remains difficult to realize with traditional refractive optics.Computer-generated holography(CGH)with diffraction optics offers a promising solution to these technical demands.However,CGH optimization based on the fast Fourier transform(FFT)faces limitations such as zero-padding redundancy,coupled sampling intervals,and incompatible near-and farfield propagation models.Here,we report a holography-based multiplane HUD using a matrix multiplication(MM)-assisted diffraction algorithm that restructures the Fresnel integral into two sequential matrix operations,thus eliminating zero-padding and enabling fully decoupled sampling between object and image planes.Compared with FFT-based angular spectrum methods,the MM approach significantly improves computational speed and memory efficiency for hologram design,which is validated by demonstrating dual-plane holography with a size ratio exceeding 100:1 and unified reconstruction across Fresnel and Fraunhofer regimes within a single computation.A prototype HUD system is demonstrated successfully to exhibit multiple-plane holographic virtual images that can be mixed with real-world objects at three independent planes.The technique might be one of the potential candidates for next-generation intelligent vehicle displays.展开更多
The advent of artificial intelligence(AI)has propelled augmented reality(AR)display technology to a pivotal juncture,positioning it as a contender for the next generation of mobile intelligent terminals.However,the pu...The advent of artificial intelligence(AI)has propelled augmented reality(AR)display technology to a pivotal juncture,positioning it as a contender for the next generation of mobile intelligent terminals.However,the pursuit of advanced AR displays,particularly those capable of delivering immersive 3D experiences,is significantly hindered by the performance limitations of current hardware and the complexity of system integration.In this study,we present an innovative multi-focal plane AR display system that integrates a non-orthogonal polarization-multiplexing metasurface,freeform optical elements,and an OLED display screen.All optical elements are integrated into a single solid-state architecture,based on a joint optimization design approach of ray tracing and diffraction theory.The multi-focal plane AR visual effect is realized by the compact and multiplexing metasurface,which performs distinct phase functions across diverse polarization channels.Meanwhile,freeform surfaces offer ample design flexibility for the collaborative optimization of multi-focal plane imaging and the see-through systems.Followed by a mechanical design and prototype assembly,we demonstrate the system's capabilities in real-time and multi-focal plane display.The digital images at all virtual image distances seamlessly integrate with the real environment,fully exhibiting the system's high parallelism and real-time interactivity.With the innovative design concept and joint design method,we believe that our work will spur more innovative and compact intelligent solutions for AR displays and inject new vitality into hybrid optical systems.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22105106)the Jiangsu Youth Science and Technology Talent Support Program(Grant No.JSTJ-2025-063)+1 种基金Nanjing Science and Technology Innovation Project for Overseas Students(Grant No.NJKCZYZZ2022-05)Start-up Funding from NUPTSF(Grant No.NY221003).
文摘In an era dominated by visual information,the display interface serves as a critical gateway between the human and digital worlds.The relentless pursuit of visual immersion has driven display technology from cinema screens to smart-phones and now to virtual and augmented reality(VR/AR)headsets,progressively moving closer to the human eye.This evolution places unprecedented demands on pixel density,power efficiency,and form factor,pushing up against funda-mental physical and physiological limits.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB3607300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62322512,62225506,and 12134013)+7 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.WK2030000108 and WK2030000090)the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant No.YSBR-049)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12174260 and 12574326)the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(Grant No.21QA1406400)the Shanghai Science and Technology Development Fund(Grant Nos.21ZR1443500 and 21ZR1443600)the support from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M743364)support from the Center for Micro and Nanoscale Research and Fabrication,University of Science and Technology of Chinasupported by the UPOLabs,which provided the experimental and technical support。
文摘Head-up displays(HUDs)are emerging as key components of intelligent vehicles,requiring wide-depth,large-area,and high-efficiency dynamic imaging,which remains difficult to realize with traditional refractive optics.Computer-generated holography(CGH)with diffraction optics offers a promising solution to these technical demands.However,CGH optimization based on the fast Fourier transform(FFT)faces limitations such as zero-padding redundancy,coupled sampling intervals,and incompatible near-and farfield propagation models.Here,we report a holography-based multiplane HUD using a matrix multiplication(MM)-assisted diffraction algorithm that restructures the Fresnel integral into two sequential matrix operations,thus eliminating zero-padding and enabling fully decoupled sampling between object and image planes.Compared with FFT-based angular spectrum methods,the MM approach significantly improves computational speed and memory efficiency for hologram design,which is validated by demonstrating dual-plane holography with a size ratio exceeding 100:1 and unified reconstruction across Fresnel and Fraunhofer regimes within a single computation.A prototype HUD system is demonstrated successfully to exhibit multiple-plane holographic virtual images that can be mixed with real-world objects at three independent planes.The technique might be one of the potential candidates for next-generation intelligent vehicle displays.
基金funding provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20140)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1401200)+2 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation(JQ24028)Beijing Nova Program(20240484557)Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility(SECUF).
文摘The advent of artificial intelligence(AI)has propelled augmented reality(AR)display technology to a pivotal juncture,positioning it as a contender for the next generation of mobile intelligent terminals.However,the pursuit of advanced AR displays,particularly those capable of delivering immersive 3D experiences,is significantly hindered by the performance limitations of current hardware and the complexity of system integration.In this study,we present an innovative multi-focal plane AR display system that integrates a non-orthogonal polarization-multiplexing metasurface,freeform optical elements,and an OLED display screen.All optical elements are integrated into a single solid-state architecture,based on a joint optimization design approach of ray tracing and diffraction theory.The multi-focal plane AR visual effect is realized by the compact and multiplexing metasurface,which performs distinct phase functions across diverse polarization channels.Meanwhile,freeform surfaces offer ample design flexibility for the collaborative optimization of multi-focal plane imaging and the see-through systems.Followed by a mechanical design and prototype assembly,we demonstrate the system's capabilities in real-time and multi-focal plane display.The digital images at all virtual image distances seamlessly integrate with the real environment,fully exhibiting the system's high parallelism and real-time interactivity.With the innovative design concept and joint design method,we believe that our work will spur more innovative and compact intelligent solutions for AR displays and inject new vitality into hybrid optical systems.
