【目的】随着塑料制品带来的污染问题日益严重,人们的环保意识逐渐增强。基于中国丰富的竹资源和竹产业优势,本研究剖析“以竹代塑”发展现状,明确竹产业链中竹资源高效培育及发展的优势与面临的挑战,旨在引导科研机构与企业聚焦关键技...【目的】随着塑料制品带来的污染问题日益严重,人们的环保意识逐渐增强。基于中国丰富的竹资源和竹产业优势,本研究剖析“以竹代塑”发展现状,明确竹产业链中竹资源高效培育及发展的优势与面临的挑战,旨在引导科研机构与企业聚焦关键技术攻关,加大研发投入以促进竹培育技术创新和提高竹资源利用效率及产品质量,提升竹产业整体竞争力。【方法】检索中国知网(CNKI)和Web of Science核心集(WoS)近15年(2010—2024年)与“以竹代塑”和“竹资源”相关的研究文献,应用VOSviewer对目前研发的竹种、研究热点等进行知识图谱可视化分析,同时对全国26个重点竹产区开展问卷调查和实地调研,解析竹资源高效培育利用现状及面临的挑战。【结果】近15年来,有关“以竹代塑”和“竹资源”的研究呈蓬勃发展态势,热点聚焦竹子的生物学特性、竹材的物理化学性质以及力学性质等方面。我国发展“以竹代塑”的核心优势明显,如资源禀赋突出、产业发展迅速、经济效益明显、各级政策支持等,但竹资源高效培育面临着主要瓶颈问题,如监测粗放、种质开发不足等,为此提出种质创新、低产林改造、设施升级等发展路径。【结论】未来应重点建设竹类种质资源库,定向培育高价值“代塑”竹种;着力改造低产低效竹林,因地制宜建立高标准竹林地示范区;科学规划并完善竹林基地道路、蓄水灌溉等基础设施,创新竹林优质原料供给与先进经营管理模式,为生态文明建设、社会经济发展、乡村振兴及“双碳”目标达成提供竹业支撑。展开更多
针对SCOPE(soil canopy observation of photosynthesis and energy fluxes)模型模拟冠层净辐射(0.4~2.5μm短波净辐射+2.5~50μm长波净辐射)时假设叶片空间随机分布的问题,开发考虑叶片空间聚集的冠层净辐射模拟新模型。将SCOPE模型的...针对SCOPE(soil canopy observation of photosynthesis and energy fluxes)模型模拟冠层净辐射(0.4~2.5μm短波净辐射+2.5~50μm长波净辐射)时假设叶片空间随机分布的问题,开发考虑叶片空间聚集的冠层净辐射模拟新模型。将SCOPE模型的短波净辐射模块和长波净辐射模块分别用考虑叶片空间聚集的GOST2模型和UFR97模型替换,形成新的冠层净辐射模拟模型NRC(modeling canopy net radiation considering spatial clumping index of leaves);通过浙江省安吉县1个毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)林样地(1~4年生异龄林,4500株/hm^(2))2023年整年的观测数据验证,对比SCOPE模型和NRC模型对冠层净辐射的模拟结果。SCOPE模型和NRC模型对冠层净辐射的模拟结果都与观测值有强相关性,决定系数(R^(2))分别为0.97和0.99,均方根误差(RMSE)分别为47.24和13.31 W/m^(2)。SCOPE模型模拟得到的短波净辐射(R_(notot))存在低估(R^(2)=0.96,平均偏差MBE=-14.17 W/m^(2)),长波净辐射(R nttot)存在高估(R^(2)=0.46;MBE=50.27 W/m^(2)),而NRC模型分别成功模拟了R_(notot)(R^(2)=0.99,MBE=1.44 W/m^(2))和R nttot(R^(2)=0.71;MBE=1.34 W/m^(2))。NRC模型具备模拟叶片空间聚集条件下冠层净辐射的潜力。展开更多
【目的】探究杉木与方竹混交对人工林生态系统结构的长期调控机制。【方法】以乌蒙山区14年生杉木纯林(CK)、杉木方竹混交林(MC)和方竹纯林(FC)为研究对象,设置9块重复样地(杉木纯林、杉木-方竹混交林、方竹纯林各3块),对比分析混交对...【目的】探究杉木与方竹混交对人工林生态系统结构的长期调控机制。【方法】以乌蒙山区14年生杉木纯林(CK)、杉木方竹混交林(MC)和方竹纯林(FC)为研究对象,设置9块重复样地(杉木纯林、杉木-方竹混交林、方竹纯林各3块),对比分析混交对杉木生长、林分结构及生态效益的影响。【结果】与杉木纯林相比,杉木-方竹混交林显著促进杉木生长。混交林杉木平均树高高出纯林10.3%(12.497 m vs 11.330 m),混交林中杉木平均胸径(13.880 cm)略优于(+0.9%)杉木纯林中杉木平均胸径(13.757 cm)。混交优化了林分空间结构。杉木-方竹混交林平均角尺度(0.3624)<杉木纯林(0.4837)<方竹纯林(0.6231)。杉木纯林大小比数平均值(0.3721)<杉木-方竹混交林(0.4945)<方竹纯林(0.5214)。杉木-方竹混交林混交度平均值(0.3673)>杉木纯林(0.2836)>方竹纯林(0.1821)。混交提高了林分生态效益功能。杉木-方竹混交林物种丰富度(植物种数28.6±4.5,Shannon指数3.0±0.5)>杉木纯林(植物种数16.3±2.6,Shannon指数2.2±0.6)>方竹纯林(植物种数15.4±4.7,Shannon指数1.9±0.7)。展开更多
Climate change disrupts the distribution of species and restructures their richness patterns.The genus of Asian bamboo,Phyllostachys,possesses significant ecological and economic values,and represents the most species...Climate change disrupts the distribution of species and restructures their richness patterns.The genus of Asian bamboo,Phyllostachys,possesses significant ecological and economic values,and represents the most speciesrich genus in the Bambusoideae subfamily.Based on the distribution data of 46 species and 20 environmental variables,we used the MaxEnt model combined with ArcGIS calculations to simulate current and future potential richness distributions under three distinct CO_(2) emission scenarios.The results showed that the MaxEnt model had a good predictive ability,with a mean area under the working characteristic curve(AUC value)of 0.91 for all species.The main environmental variables that impacted the future distribution of most Phyllostachys species were elevation,variations of seasonal precipitation,and mean diurnal range.Phyllostachys species are currently concentrated in southeastern China.Under future climate projections,18 species exhibited significant habitat contraction across three or more future climate scenarios,but suitable habitats for other species will expand.This enhancement is most pronounced under the extreme climate scenario(2090s-SSP585),primarily driven by high species gains contributing to elevated turnover values across scenarios.The center of maximum richness will progressively shift southwestward over time.Predictive modeling of Phyllostachys richness distribution dynamics under climate change enhances our understanding of its biogeography and informs strategic introduction programs to bamboo management and augments China’s carbon sequestration capacity.展开更多
文摘【目的】随着塑料制品带来的污染问题日益严重,人们的环保意识逐渐增强。基于中国丰富的竹资源和竹产业优势,本研究剖析“以竹代塑”发展现状,明确竹产业链中竹资源高效培育及发展的优势与面临的挑战,旨在引导科研机构与企业聚焦关键技术攻关,加大研发投入以促进竹培育技术创新和提高竹资源利用效率及产品质量,提升竹产业整体竞争力。【方法】检索中国知网(CNKI)和Web of Science核心集(WoS)近15年(2010—2024年)与“以竹代塑”和“竹资源”相关的研究文献,应用VOSviewer对目前研发的竹种、研究热点等进行知识图谱可视化分析,同时对全国26个重点竹产区开展问卷调查和实地调研,解析竹资源高效培育利用现状及面临的挑战。【结果】近15年来,有关“以竹代塑”和“竹资源”的研究呈蓬勃发展态势,热点聚焦竹子的生物学特性、竹材的物理化学性质以及力学性质等方面。我国发展“以竹代塑”的核心优势明显,如资源禀赋突出、产业发展迅速、经济效益明显、各级政策支持等,但竹资源高效培育面临着主要瓶颈问题,如监测粗放、种质开发不足等,为此提出种质创新、低产林改造、设施升级等发展路径。【结论】未来应重点建设竹类种质资源库,定向培育高价值“代塑”竹种;着力改造低产低效竹林,因地制宜建立高标准竹林地示范区;科学规划并完善竹林基地道路、蓄水灌溉等基础设施,创新竹林优质原料供给与先进经营管理模式,为生态文明建设、社会经济发展、乡村振兴及“双碳”目标达成提供竹业支撑。
文摘针对SCOPE(soil canopy observation of photosynthesis and energy fluxes)模型模拟冠层净辐射(0.4~2.5μm短波净辐射+2.5~50μm长波净辐射)时假设叶片空间随机分布的问题,开发考虑叶片空间聚集的冠层净辐射模拟新模型。将SCOPE模型的短波净辐射模块和长波净辐射模块分别用考虑叶片空间聚集的GOST2模型和UFR97模型替换,形成新的冠层净辐射模拟模型NRC(modeling canopy net radiation considering spatial clumping index of leaves);通过浙江省安吉县1个毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)林样地(1~4年生异龄林,4500株/hm^(2))2023年整年的观测数据验证,对比SCOPE模型和NRC模型对冠层净辐射的模拟结果。SCOPE模型和NRC模型对冠层净辐射的模拟结果都与观测值有强相关性,决定系数(R^(2))分别为0.97和0.99,均方根误差(RMSE)分别为47.24和13.31 W/m^(2)。SCOPE模型模拟得到的短波净辐射(R_(notot))存在低估(R^(2)=0.96,平均偏差MBE=-14.17 W/m^(2)),长波净辐射(R nttot)存在高估(R^(2)=0.46;MBE=50.27 W/m^(2)),而NRC模型分别成功模拟了R_(notot)(R^(2)=0.99,MBE=1.44 W/m^(2))和R nttot(R^(2)=0.71;MBE=1.34 W/m^(2))。NRC模型具备模拟叶片空间聚集条件下冠层净辐射的潜力。
文摘【目的】探究杉木与方竹混交对人工林生态系统结构的长期调控机制。【方法】以乌蒙山区14年生杉木纯林(CK)、杉木方竹混交林(MC)和方竹纯林(FC)为研究对象,设置9块重复样地(杉木纯林、杉木-方竹混交林、方竹纯林各3块),对比分析混交对杉木生长、林分结构及生态效益的影响。【结果】与杉木纯林相比,杉木-方竹混交林显著促进杉木生长。混交林杉木平均树高高出纯林10.3%(12.497 m vs 11.330 m),混交林中杉木平均胸径(13.880 cm)略优于(+0.9%)杉木纯林中杉木平均胸径(13.757 cm)。混交优化了林分空间结构。杉木-方竹混交林平均角尺度(0.3624)<杉木纯林(0.4837)<方竹纯林(0.6231)。杉木纯林大小比数平均值(0.3721)<杉木-方竹混交林(0.4945)<方竹纯林(0.5214)。杉木-方竹混交林混交度平均值(0.3673)>杉木纯林(0.2836)>方竹纯林(0.1821)。混交提高了林分生态效益功能。杉木-方竹混交林物种丰富度(植物种数28.6±4.5,Shannon指数3.0±0.5)>杉木纯林(植物种数16.3±2.6,Shannon指数2.2±0.6)>方竹纯林(植物种数15.4±4.7,Shannon指数1.9±0.7)。
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(32201643)the Key Research Projects of Yibin,research and integrated demonstration and key technologies for smart bamboo industry(YBZD2024-1).
文摘Climate change disrupts the distribution of species and restructures their richness patterns.The genus of Asian bamboo,Phyllostachys,possesses significant ecological and economic values,and represents the most speciesrich genus in the Bambusoideae subfamily.Based on the distribution data of 46 species and 20 environmental variables,we used the MaxEnt model combined with ArcGIS calculations to simulate current and future potential richness distributions under three distinct CO_(2) emission scenarios.The results showed that the MaxEnt model had a good predictive ability,with a mean area under the working characteristic curve(AUC value)of 0.91 for all species.The main environmental variables that impacted the future distribution of most Phyllostachys species were elevation,variations of seasonal precipitation,and mean diurnal range.Phyllostachys species are currently concentrated in southeastern China.Under future climate projections,18 species exhibited significant habitat contraction across three or more future climate scenarios,but suitable habitats for other species will expand.This enhancement is most pronounced under the extreme climate scenario(2090s-SSP585),primarily driven by high species gains contributing to elevated turnover values across scenarios.The center of maximum richness will progressively shift southwestward over time.Predictive modeling of Phyllostachys richness distribution dynamics under climate change enhances our understanding of its biogeography and informs strategic introduction programs to bamboo management and augments China’s carbon sequestration capacity.
