黄瓜是我国主要的设施果菜之一,而水分和肥料供应是影响果实品质的两大主要因素。为探讨适宜黄瓜种植的水钾耦合模式,及水钾耦合条件下黄瓜风味物质的变化规律,测定水钾耦合对不同器官中钾元素的分布比例,并采用气相色谱-离子迁移谱技术...黄瓜是我国主要的设施果菜之一,而水分和肥料供应是影响果实品质的两大主要因素。为探讨适宜黄瓜种植的水钾耦合模式,及水钾耦合条件下黄瓜风味物质的变化规律,测定水钾耦合对不同器官中钾元素的分布比例,并采用气相色谱-离子迁移谱技术(Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry,GC-IMS)定性、定量分析黄瓜中的挥发性有机物。低钾条件下,中高水处理显著提高钾元素在果实中的分配比例。并且果实中共鉴定出34种挥发性有机物,其中定性31种,包含醇类9种、酯类7种、醛类4种、酮类4种、吡嗪类3种、烯烃类3种、醚类1种,其他类有机物3种,其中醇类和酯类是最丰富的挥发性成分。未检测到黄瓜的核心香味物质(E,Z)-2,6-壬二烯醛,说明水钾耦合模式需要进一步优化。进一步对样品中关键挥发性成分进行主成分及偏最小二乘法判别分析,筛选出15种变量重要投影值(variable important for the projection,VIP)大于1的差异标志物,其中异戊醛和反式-3-己烯醇含量的增加,可能是黄瓜风味增加的主要原因。本研究可为优化水钾耦合模式、评价并改善黄瓜风味品质提供理论依据。展开更多
Substrate and nutrient supply are essential for vegetable cultivation in greenhouse.The strategies for plant nutrient supply vary depending on the cultivation methods or substrate dosages employed.With the development...Substrate and nutrient supply are essential for vegetable cultivation in greenhouse.The strategies for plant nutrient supply vary depending on the cultivation methods or substrate dosages employed.With the development of mechanization,wide-row spacing substrate cultivation became an optimize mode of the greenhouse cucumber cultivation,aligning with the trend of intelligent agriculture.To determine the optimal nutrient solution supply amount(NS)and supply frequency(SF)for promoting the integrated growth of cucumber under wide-row spacing substrate cultivation,we explored the effects of substrate supply amount(SS),NS,and SF on cucumber yield,quality,and element utilization efficiency.A five-level quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design with three experimental factors(NS,SF,and SS)was implemented for 23 coupling treatments over three growing seasons,including spring(2022S and 2023S)and autumn(2022A).The technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)combining weights based on game theory was applied to construct cucumber comprehensive growth evaluation model.Single and two experimental factors analyses revealed significant effects of single factors and the coupling of NS-SS,NS-SF and SS-SF on the integrated growth of cucumber for all three growing seasons.For the NS-SF-SS combination,the optimal parameters for comprehensive cucumber growth were determined as follows:levels of^(-1).68 for NS,-0.7 for SF,and^(-1).682 for SS in 2022A;-0.43 for NS,-0.06 for SF,and 0.34 for SS in 2022S;0.3 for NS,-0.02 for SF,and 0.04 for SS in 2023S.Furthermore,for SS ranges of 2.00-3.01,3.01-4.50,4.50-5.99,5.99-7.00(L·plant^(-1)),the corresponding NS and SF intervals maximizing cucumber integrated growth in spring were:0.28-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.26-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.25-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.23-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),respectively.With the same SS,the corresponding NS and SF intervals that maximized cucumber integrated growth in autumn were:0.10(L·plant^(-1))and 8(times·d^(-1)),0.18(L·plant^(-1))and 7(times·d^(-1)),0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.49(L·plant^(-1))and 5(times·d^(-1)),respectively.The results provide a theoretical basis for solution management,and further in-depth research on cucumber cultivation.展开更多
文摘黄瓜是我国主要的设施果菜之一,而水分和肥料供应是影响果实品质的两大主要因素。为探讨适宜黄瓜种植的水钾耦合模式,及水钾耦合条件下黄瓜风味物质的变化规律,测定水钾耦合对不同器官中钾元素的分布比例,并采用气相色谱-离子迁移谱技术(Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry,GC-IMS)定性、定量分析黄瓜中的挥发性有机物。低钾条件下,中高水处理显著提高钾元素在果实中的分配比例。并且果实中共鉴定出34种挥发性有机物,其中定性31种,包含醇类9种、酯类7种、醛类4种、酮类4种、吡嗪类3种、烯烃类3种、醚类1种,其他类有机物3种,其中醇类和酯类是最丰富的挥发性成分。未检测到黄瓜的核心香味物质(E,Z)-2,6-壬二烯醛,说明水钾耦合模式需要进一步优化。进一步对样品中关键挥发性成分进行主成分及偏最小二乘法判别分析,筛选出15种变量重要投影值(variable important for the projection,VIP)大于1的差异标志物,其中异戊醛和反式-3-己烯醇含量的增加,可能是黄瓜风味增加的主要原因。本研究可为优化水钾耦合模式、评价并改善黄瓜风味品质提供理论依据。
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-23-D06)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(Grant Nos.2024NC2-GJHX-29 and 2024NC-ZDCYL-05-08)Shaanxi Agricultural Collaborative Innovation and Extension Alliance Project(Grant No.LMZD202202).
文摘Substrate and nutrient supply are essential for vegetable cultivation in greenhouse.The strategies for plant nutrient supply vary depending on the cultivation methods or substrate dosages employed.With the development of mechanization,wide-row spacing substrate cultivation became an optimize mode of the greenhouse cucumber cultivation,aligning with the trend of intelligent agriculture.To determine the optimal nutrient solution supply amount(NS)and supply frequency(SF)for promoting the integrated growth of cucumber under wide-row spacing substrate cultivation,we explored the effects of substrate supply amount(SS),NS,and SF on cucumber yield,quality,and element utilization efficiency.A five-level quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design with three experimental factors(NS,SF,and SS)was implemented for 23 coupling treatments over three growing seasons,including spring(2022S and 2023S)and autumn(2022A).The technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)combining weights based on game theory was applied to construct cucumber comprehensive growth evaluation model.Single and two experimental factors analyses revealed significant effects of single factors and the coupling of NS-SS,NS-SF and SS-SF on the integrated growth of cucumber for all three growing seasons.For the NS-SF-SS combination,the optimal parameters for comprehensive cucumber growth were determined as follows:levels of^(-1).68 for NS,-0.7 for SF,and^(-1).682 for SS in 2022A;-0.43 for NS,-0.06 for SF,and 0.34 for SS in 2022S;0.3 for NS,-0.02 for SF,and 0.04 for SS in 2023S.Furthermore,for SS ranges of 2.00-3.01,3.01-4.50,4.50-5.99,5.99-7.00(L·plant^(-1)),the corresponding NS and SF intervals maximizing cucumber integrated growth in spring were:0.28-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.26-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.25-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.23-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),respectively.With the same SS,the corresponding NS and SF intervals that maximized cucumber integrated growth in autumn were:0.10(L·plant^(-1))and 8(times·d^(-1)),0.18(L·plant^(-1))and 7(times·d^(-1)),0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.49(L·plant^(-1))and 5(times·d^(-1)),respectively.The results provide a theoretical basis for solution management,and further in-depth research on cucumber cultivation.
