近年来暴发的番茄褐色皱果病毒(tomato brown rugose fruit virus,ToBRFV)严重危害番茄、辣椒等重要经济作物的安全生产。本研究采用特异性RT-PCR结合常规Sanger测序,测定4个ToBRFV分离物的基因组近全长序列,并进行分子特征和遗传进化分...近年来暴发的番茄褐色皱果病毒(tomato brown rugose fruit virus,ToBRFV)严重危害番茄、辣椒等重要经济作物的安全生产。本研究采用特异性RT-PCR结合常规Sanger测序,测定4个ToBRFV分离物的基因组近全长序列,并进行分子特征和遗传进化分析,ToBRFV分离物基因组近全长序列系统发育分析。结果表明,4个分离物位于2个不同的亚簇,可能出现分化的趋势;ToBRFV编码的RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶(RdRP)的通读区域及编码衣壳蛋白的基因高度保守,编码126 kDa复制酶及运动蛋白的基因存在变异较大的位点,这2个高突变区域可能是ToBRFV分化及突破寄主抗性的关键区域。展开更多
【背景】黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒(cucumber green mottle mosaic virus,CGMMV)是我国重要的检疫性植物病毒之一,主要侵染葫芦科作物,造成世界范围内葫芦科作物的严重减产。PsbQ(oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 3)蛋白是组成PSⅡ复合物(O...【背景】黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒(cucumber green mottle mosaic virus,CGMMV)是我国重要的检疫性植物病毒之一,主要侵染葫芦科作物,造成世界范围内葫芦科作物的严重减产。PsbQ(oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 3)蛋白是组成PSⅡ复合物(OEC)的相关蛋白之一,参与PSⅡ组装、稳定PSⅡ功能,并对植物应对生物和非生物胁迫反应起调控作用。前期研究显示CGMMV侵染后可以显著下调寄主叶绿体调控基因NbPsbQ1的表达。【目的】明确NbPsbQ1参与CGMMV侵染的机制,为CGMMV病害防控提供理论依据。【方法】通过构建NbPsbQ1及CGMMV CP的荧光表达载体,转化GV3101农杆菌后浸润本氏烟叶片,激光共聚焦显微镜观察其亚细胞定位;利用qRT-PCR技术分析NbPsbQ1在CGMMV侵染不同时期和CP过表达后的转录水平;利用双分子荧光互补、免疫共沉淀和酵母双杂交试验分别验证NbPsbQ1与CP在体内及体外的互作;通过TRV沉默技术分析NbPsbQ1在CGMMV侵染过程中的作用;瞬时过表达NbPsbQ1进一步验证NbPsbQ1对CGMMV蛋白水平及转录水平的影响;测定NbPsbQ1沉默以及CGMMV侵染不同时间植株的光合效率指标,从而分析NbPsbQ1以及CGMMV对植株光合作用的影响。【结果】亚细胞定位结果显示NbPsbQ1定位于叶绿体,而CP定位于细胞质和细胞核;在CGMMV侵染以及CP过表达后,与对照相比,NbPsbQ1的转录水平均明显下调;双分子荧光互补和免疫共沉淀试验结果均证明NbPsbQ1与CP在体内互作,且两者互作使NbPsbQ1的定位从叶绿体迁移至细胞质,但酵母双杂交试验证明两者在植物体外不互作;在沉默植株上接种CGMMV,4 d后观察到处理组和对照组均有部分植株系统叶开始出现斑驳、卷曲症状,而TRV:NbPsbQ1组的发病植株数量始终多于对照组;同时检测mRNA水平和蛋白水平表达结果也表明NbPsbQ1的沉默有效促进了CGMMV的积累;NbPsbQ1瞬时过表达抑制CGMMV CP积累进一步证实NbPsbQ1抑制CGMMV侵染;测定NbPsbQ1沉默植株的光合效率指标,发现与对照组相比,NbPsbQ1沉默后显著降低植株叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr),胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)明显升高,表明NbPsbQ1参与植株光合作用;同时,发现在CGMMV侵染9 d时,Gs、Tr明显下降而Ci升高。【结论】CGMMV CP与NbPsbQ1在体内互作,并改变其叶绿体定位;随着CGMMV不断侵染,光合作用系统Ⅱ相关基因NbPsbQ1表达水平下调,光合效率受到抑制,从而促进病毒后期的积累。展开更多
Disruption of host physiological processes,leading to symptom expression,is a common hallmark during plant virus infections.The concept of“symptoms as strategy”is rapidly reshaping our understanding of plant virolog...Disruption of host physiological processes,leading to symptom expression,is a common hallmark during plant virus infections.The concept of“symptoms as strategy”is rapidly reshaping our understanding of plant virology.An emerging theme is that symptom expressions—such as stunting,curling,and yellowing,which devastate yield—may themselves be evolved viral adaptation strategies rather than collateral damage.展开更多
Acalypha gaumeri(Euphorbiaceae)is the only endemic species of the genus in the Yucatan Peninsula.It is dioecious and has antifungal properties against various phytopathogens.In the present study,molecular identificati...Acalypha gaumeri(Euphorbiaceae)is the only endemic species of the genus in the Yucatan Peninsula.It is dioecious and has antifungal properties against various phytopathogens.In the present study,molecular identification of A.gaumeri was performed using the rbcL region,confirming its belonging to the Acalypha genus.Its genetic diversity was evaluated using 10 SPAR markers(ISSR and DAMD)from 60 individuals collected from female and male plants of the Kiuic,Tinum and Yaxcaba ex-situ populations.The results showed a high level of genetic polymorphism(PIC=0.980)and significant differences among the populations.Ethanol and aqueous extracts from leaves,stems,and roots of both genders and three populations were evaluated against three phytopathogenic fungi.Only the ethanol extracts of the roots showed inhibitory antifungal activity,whereas Kiuic and Tinum,both male and female individuals,showed inhibitory effects at 1000μg/mL against the three pathogens.The ethanol extract of the female flowering plant of Kiuic showed activity at minimum inhibitory concentrations of 250μg/mL against Alternaria chrysanthemi CICY004 and 500μg/mL against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides CICY002 and Penicillium oxalicum ITC25.Chromatographic profile of the ethanol extracts confirmed the presence of alkaloidal components in the ex-situ cultivated plants,which were analyzed by HPLC.The results revealed that the peaks at T_(R) of 7.60,7.88,and 8.49 min were the most abundant components(9.95%-21.93%),with differences between female and male plants of the three populations.This research confirms that A.gaumeri cultivated and genetically characterized is a potential raw material to develop an eco-friendly product for the control of fungal diseases in crops.展开更多
The plant pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is the causative agent of Sclerotinia stem rot(SSR)disease in most dicotyledons.Among the various proteins involved in drug efflux or substance transport,ATP-bindin...The plant pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is the causative agent of Sclerotinia stem rot(SSR)disease in most dicotyledons.Among the various proteins involved in drug efflux or substance transport,ATP-binding cassette(ABC)transporters constitute a superfamily of membrane-bound proteins that may play a crucial role in the survival of S.sclerotiorum.However,the expression patterns and functions of ABC transporter genes in S.sclerotiorum remain largely uncharacterized.This study characterized a highly expressed S.sclerotiorum ABC transporter gene during inoculation on host plants,Ss BMR1.Silencing Ss BMR1 resulted in a significant reduction in hyphal growth,infection cushion development,sclerotia formation,and virulence.Moreover,host-induced gene silencing(HIGS)of Ss BMR1 significantly enhanced plant resistance.Transcriptome and metabolomics analyses suggested that Ss BMR1 is involved in antioxidant and toxin transport,thereby influencing fungal defense and cell rescue mechanisms.In comparison to the wild-type strain,Ss BMR1 gene-silenced transformants exhibited a diminished response to extracellar oxidative stress and a decreased exporting of antioxidant glutathione.Tolerance assays further demonstrated the crucial role of Ss BMR1 in conferring resistance to the plant antifungal substances,camalexin and brassinin,as well as certain fungicides.Furthermore,Ss BMR1 gene-silenced transformants showed enhanced repression on virulence when sprayed with camalexin and brassinin on the leaves.Thus,Ss BMR1 likely contributes to virulence by facilitating the export of antioxidant and providing resistance against antifungal agents.The findings of this study provide valuable insights that could contribute to the development of novel management techniques for SSR.展开更多
镰刀菌根腐病(Fusarium root rot)是由镰刀属真菌引起的危害严重的根部病害,其病原菌种类复杂且防治困难,大多发生在烟草、大豆等作物上。本研究基于文献计量学方法,以Web of Science核心合集2009-2025年的2770篇文献为样本,利用CiteSp...镰刀菌根腐病(Fusarium root rot)是由镰刀属真菌引起的危害严重的根部病害,其病原菌种类复杂且防治困难,大多发生在烟草、大豆等作物上。本研究基于文献计量学方法,以Web of Science核心合集2009-2025年的2770篇文献为样本,利用CiteSpace可视化工具解析镰刀菌根腐病研究的全球演进脉络,实现对镰刀菌根腐病研究现状、热点和趋势的分析。结果表明,2009-2024年发文量不断增长,美国占据国际合作网络枢纽地位,中国虽发文量居首,但中介中心性较低,需加强跨国协同。镰刀菌枯萎病学科涉及领域分布广泛、复杂,涉及植物科学、农学、微生物学等多个学科。近几年镰刀菌根腐病的研究热点主要集中在生物防治、病原菌鉴定、抗病育种和根系—病原菌—有益菌互作机制等方面。未来研究将更加注重微生物防控技术的优化与应用、抗病育种的深入探索、镰刀菌与作物互作机制的研究及多组学技术的整合应用。本文作者通过系统性的分析,为今后镰刀菌根腐病的研究提供理论依据。展开更多
文摘近年来暴发的番茄褐色皱果病毒(tomato brown rugose fruit virus,ToBRFV)严重危害番茄、辣椒等重要经济作物的安全生产。本研究采用特异性RT-PCR结合常规Sanger测序,测定4个ToBRFV分离物的基因组近全长序列,并进行分子特征和遗传进化分析,ToBRFV分离物基因组近全长序列系统发育分析。结果表明,4个分离物位于2个不同的亚簇,可能出现分化的趋势;ToBRFV编码的RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶(RdRP)的通读区域及编码衣壳蛋白的基因高度保守,编码126 kDa复制酶及运动蛋白的基因存在变异较大的位点,这2个高突变区域可能是ToBRFV分化及突破寄主抗性的关键区域。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272482)the Innovation Research 2035 Pilot Plan of Southwest University(SWU-XDZD22002).
文摘Disruption of host physiological processes,leading to symptom expression,is a common hallmark during plant virus infections.The concept of“symptoms as strategy”is rapidly reshaping our understanding of plant virology.An emerging theme is that symptom expressions—such as stunting,curling,and yellowing,which devastate yield—may themselves be evolved viral adaptation strategies rather than collateral damage.
基金supported by the SECIHTI project PDCPN-2015-266,México.
文摘Acalypha gaumeri(Euphorbiaceae)is the only endemic species of the genus in the Yucatan Peninsula.It is dioecious and has antifungal properties against various phytopathogens.In the present study,molecular identification of A.gaumeri was performed using the rbcL region,confirming its belonging to the Acalypha genus.Its genetic diversity was evaluated using 10 SPAR markers(ISSR and DAMD)from 60 individuals collected from female and male plants of the Kiuic,Tinum and Yaxcaba ex-situ populations.The results showed a high level of genetic polymorphism(PIC=0.980)and significant differences among the populations.Ethanol and aqueous extracts from leaves,stems,and roots of both genders and three populations were evaluated against three phytopathogenic fungi.Only the ethanol extracts of the roots showed inhibitory antifungal activity,whereas Kiuic and Tinum,both male and female individuals,showed inhibitory effects at 1000μg/mL against the three pathogens.The ethanol extract of the female flowering plant of Kiuic showed activity at minimum inhibitory concentrations of 250μg/mL against Alternaria chrysanthemi CICY004 and 500μg/mL against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides CICY002 and Penicillium oxalicum ITC25.Chromatographic profile of the ethanol extracts confirmed the presence of alkaloidal components in the ex-situ cultivated plants,which were analyzed by HPLC.The results revealed that the peaks at T_(R) of 7.60,7.88,and 8.49 min were the most abundant components(9.95%-21.93%),with differences between female and male plants of the three populations.This research confirms that A.gaumeri cultivated and genetically characterized is a potential raw material to develop an eco-friendly product for the control of fungal diseases in crops.
基金received financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(CSTB2023NSCQMSX0355)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(SWU120075)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372077)。
文摘The plant pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is the causative agent of Sclerotinia stem rot(SSR)disease in most dicotyledons.Among the various proteins involved in drug efflux or substance transport,ATP-binding cassette(ABC)transporters constitute a superfamily of membrane-bound proteins that may play a crucial role in the survival of S.sclerotiorum.However,the expression patterns and functions of ABC transporter genes in S.sclerotiorum remain largely uncharacterized.This study characterized a highly expressed S.sclerotiorum ABC transporter gene during inoculation on host plants,Ss BMR1.Silencing Ss BMR1 resulted in a significant reduction in hyphal growth,infection cushion development,sclerotia formation,and virulence.Moreover,host-induced gene silencing(HIGS)of Ss BMR1 significantly enhanced plant resistance.Transcriptome and metabolomics analyses suggested that Ss BMR1 is involved in antioxidant and toxin transport,thereby influencing fungal defense and cell rescue mechanisms.In comparison to the wild-type strain,Ss BMR1 gene-silenced transformants exhibited a diminished response to extracellar oxidative stress and a decreased exporting of antioxidant glutathione.Tolerance assays further demonstrated the crucial role of Ss BMR1 in conferring resistance to the plant antifungal substances,camalexin and brassinin,as well as certain fungicides.Furthermore,Ss BMR1 gene-silenced transformants showed enhanced repression on virulence when sprayed with camalexin and brassinin on the leaves.Thus,Ss BMR1 likely contributes to virulence by facilitating the export of antioxidant and providing resistance against antifungal agents.The findings of this study provide valuable insights that could contribute to the development of novel management techniques for SSR.
文摘镰刀菌根腐病(Fusarium root rot)是由镰刀属真菌引起的危害严重的根部病害,其病原菌种类复杂且防治困难,大多发生在烟草、大豆等作物上。本研究基于文献计量学方法,以Web of Science核心合集2009-2025年的2770篇文献为样本,利用CiteSpace可视化工具解析镰刀菌根腐病研究的全球演进脉络,实现对镰刀菌根腐病研究现状、热点和趋势的分析。结果表明,2009-2024年发文量不断增长,美国占据国际合作网络枢纽地位,中国虽发文量居首,但中介中心性较低,需加强跨国协同。镰刀菌枯萎病学科涉及领域分布广泛、复杂,涉及植物科学、农学、微生物学等多个学科。近几年镰刀菌根腐病的研究热点主要集中在生物防治、病原菌鉴定、抗病育种和根系—病原菌—有益菌互作机制等方面。未来研究将更加注重微生物防控技术的优化与应用、抗病育种的深入探索、镰刀菌与作物互作机制的研究及多组学技术的整合应用。本文作者通过系统性的分析,为今后镰刀菌根腐病的研究提供理论依据。
