离岸流是一种常见的近岸海洋动力现象,有些离岸流对滨海沙滩区域的游客安全构成重大威胁。本文基于FUNWAVE-TVD(Fully Nonlinear Boussinesq Wave Model with Total Variation Diminishing)数值模型,以三亚市皇后湾为研究区,利用精确的...离岸流是一种常见的近岸海洋动力现象,有些离岸流对滨海沙滩区域的游客安全构成重大威胁。本文基于FUNWAVE-TVD(Fully Nonlinear Boussinesq Wave Model with Total Variation Diminishing)数值模型,以三亚市皇后湾为研究区,利用精确的水深地形测量成果,结合波浪、潮汐等数据,分析了不同波高和潮位条件下离岸流的分布特征及其动力学机制。研究结果显示:研究区的离岸流是往复流和沿岸流等共同作用的结果,往复流主要发生在与入射波高方向垂直的沙滩区域,沿岸流主要发生在岬角区域,离岸流主要发生在往复流与沿岸流相交界的区域;离岸流的面积和强度与波高和潮位密切相关,随着入射波高的增加,离岸流强度和覆盖面积显著增大;通过对比高、中、低三个潮时的模拟结果,发现在低潮位时,由于水体体积减小导致能量密度增大,离岸流流速普遍高于中高潮位时。本文的定量化分析提高了对皇后湾复杂水动力过程的理解,为预测和防范离岸流提供了重要的科学依据,也为类似滨海旅游区的管理和规划提供了有价值的参考。展开更多
Endowed with opportunities from both land and ocean,coastal areas attract expanding human populations and economic activities.At the same time,they face growing societal and environmental pressures from both the above...Endowed with opportunities from both land and ocean,coastal areas attract expanding human populations and economic activities.At the same time,they face growing societal and environmental pressures from both the above river catchments and the bordering sea due to climate change,ecosystem degradation,and expansion of built-up areas.Despite the accumulation of human population,economic activities,and environmental impacts,we lack social-ecological systems analysis on water-related risks to world’s coastal human population.To address this research gap,we analyze the spatial extent of six globally important water stressors to people within the world’s coastal zone(100 km from the coastal line)and classify this zone globally into 12 groups by distance from the coastline and elevation from the mean sea level.Adopting the approaches of the UN Sendai Framework and IPCC,we produce risk maps from the stressor maps by multiplying them with population exposure and vulnerability.For most risks,geographical hotspots are the Chinese coast,Bay of Bengal,Gujarat,and the Island of Java.The analysis reveals fundamental differences between water stressors and related risks,often mixed in scholarly literature.Both manifest specific geographic patterns and latitudinal profiles.Our study highlights the importance of high-resolution spatial analysis of vulnerability,exposure,and risks posed by water related stressors in the world’s coastal zone,in a manner prompted by key policy bodies to promote policy design and shared responsibility for managing stress-prone areas.展开更多
文摘离岸流是一种常见的近岸海洋动力现象,有些离岸流对滨海沙滩区域的游客安全构成重大威胁。本文基于FUNWAVE-TVD(Fully Nonlinear Boussinesq Wave Model with Total Variation Diminishing)数值模型,以三亚市皇后湾为研究区,利用精确的水深地形测量成果,结合波浪、潮汐等数据,分析了不同波高和潮位条件下离岸流的分布特征及其动力学机制。研究结果显示:研究区的离岸流是往复流和沿岸流等共同作用的结果,往复流主要发生在与入射波高方向垂直的沙滩区域,沿岸流主要发生在岬角区域,离岸流主要发生在往复流与沿岸流相交界的区域;离岸流的面积和强度与波高和潮位密切相关,随着入射波高的增加,离岸流强度和覆盖面积显著增大;通过对比高、中、低三个潮时的模拟结果,发现在低潮位时,由于水体体积减小导致能量密度增大,离岸流流速普遍高于中高潮位时。本文的定量化分析提高了对皇后湾复杂水动力过程的理解,为预测和防范离岸流提供了重要的科学依据,也为类似滨海旅游区的管理和规划提供了有价值的参考。
基金support from the European Research Council(ERC)under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme(Grant agreement No.819202)the Research Council of Finland’s Flagship Programme and Doctoral Education Pilot under project Digital Waters(Grant No.359248)funded by the Research Council of Finland's Flagship ProgrammeStrategic Research Council(SRC)through project‘Water&Food’(Grant No.365512).
文摘Endowed with opportunities from both land and ocean,coastal areas attract expanding human populations and economic activities.At the same time,they face growing societal and environmental pressures from both the above river catchments and the bordering sea due to climate change,ecosystem degradation,and expansion of built-up areas.Despite the accumulation of human population,economic activities,and environmental impacts,we lack social-ecological systems analysis on water-related risks to world’s coastal human population.To address this research gap,we analyze the spatial extent of six globally important water stressors to people within the world’s coastal zone(100 km from the coastal line)and classify this zone globally into 12 groups by distance from the coastline and elevation from the mean sea level.Adopting the approaches of the UN Sendai Framework and IPCC,we produce risk maps from the stressor maps by multiplying them with population exposure and vulnerability.For most risks,geographical hotspots are the Chinese coast,Bay of Bengal,Gujarat,and the Island of Java.The analysis reveals fundamental differences between water stressors and related risks,often mixed in scholarly literature.Both manifest specific geographic patterns and latitudinal profiles.Our study highlights the importance of high-resolution spatial analysis of vulnerability,exposure,and risks posed by water related stressors in the world’s coastal zone,in a manner prompted by key policy bodies to promote policy design and shared responsibility for managing stress-prone areas.
