Targeting Chang'E-8 mission'in-situ resource utilization(ISRU)for sustainable lunar habitats,laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)provides a viable pathway for in-situ additive manufacturing of lunar regolith.To eluci...Targeting Chang'E-8 mission'in-situ resource utilization(ISRU)for sustainable lunar habitats,laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)provides a viable pathway for in-situ additive manufacturing of lunar regolith.To elucidate mission relevant mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of LPBF fabricated lunar regolith simulants,mare type and highland type simulant specimens were produced.Microstructural characterization,mechanical test coupled with three-dimensional digital image correlation(3D-DIC),and an energy-dissipation framework were employed for comprehensive analysis.The pristine highland specimens achieved 5.79 MPa and a peak strain of 0.13(50 mm×50 mm×30 mm),significantly outperforming their mare counterparts.Wire-cutting to 20 mm×20 mm×20 mm lowered strength by~20%and peak strain to 0.04,indicating cutting-induced defects reduce ductility.All specimens displayed multipeaked stress–strain curves.3D-DIC revealed band-type strain localization in pristine highland samples,diffuse strain patterns in cut highland samples,and highly tortuous,network-type bands in mare samples;the anisotropy index was also quantified.Fragmented particles exhibited fractal dimensions ranging from 1.6 to 2.0(size 1.25–9 mm).Energy evolution progressed through three distinct stages:elastic energy storage,progressive energy dissipation delaying crack propagation,and final unstable collapse.An energy-based damage model was established and validated.The data and methods developed support Chang'E-8 missions'ISRU demonstrations and establish a transferable framework toward sustainable lunar habitats.展开更多
Impact craters are important for understanding the evolution of lunar geologic and surface erosion rates,among other functions.However,the morphological characteristics of these micro impact craters are not obvious an...Impact craters are important for understanding the evolution of lunar geologic and surface erosion rates,among other functions.However,the morphological characteristics of these micro impact craters are not obvious and they are numerous,resulting in low detection accuracy by deep learning models.Therefore,we proposed a new multi-scale fusion crater detection algorithm(MSF-CDA)based on the YOLO11 to improve the accuracy of lunar impact crater detection,especially for small craters with a diameter of<1 km.Using the images taken by the LROC(Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera)at the Chang’e-4(CE-4)landing area,we constructed three separate datasets for craters with diameters of 0-70 m,70-140 m,and>140 m.We then trained three submodels separately with these three datasets.Additionally,we designed a slicing-amplifying-slicing strategy to enhance the ability to extract features from small craters.To handle redundant predictions,we proposed a new Non-Maximum Suppression with Area Filtering method to fuse the results in overlapping targets within the multi-scale submodels.Finally,our new MSF-CDA method achieved high detection performance,with the Precision,Recall,and F1 score having values of 0.991,0.987,and 0.989,respectively,perfectly addressing the problems induced by the lesser features and sample imbalance of small craters.Our MSF-CDA can provide strong data support for more in-depth study of the geological evolution of the lunar surface and finer geological age estimations.This strategy can also be used to detect other small objects with lesser features and sample imbalance problems.We detected approximately 500,000 impact craters in an area of approximately 214 km2 around the CE-4 landing area.By statistically analyzing the new data,we updated the distribution function of the number and diameter of impact craters.Finally,we identified the most suitable lighting conditions for detecting impact crater targets by analyzing the effect of different lighting conditions on the detection accuracy.展开更多
Gauss radial basis functions(GRBF)are frequently employed in data fitting and machine learning.Their linear independence property can theoretically guarantee the avoidance of data redundancy.In this paper,one of the m...Gauss radial basis functions(GRBF)are frequently employed in data fitting and machine learning.Their linear independence property can theoretically guarantee the avoidance of data redundancy.In this paper,one of the main contributions is proving this property using linear algebra instead of profound knowledge.This makes it easy to read and understand this fundamental fact.The proof of linear independence of a set of Gauss functions relies on the constructing method for one-dimensional space and on the deducing method for higher dimensions.Additionally,under the condition of preserving the same moments between the original function and interpolating function,both the interpolating existence and uniqueness are proven for GRBF in one-dimensional space.The final work demonstrates the application of the GRBF method to locate lunar olivine.By combining preprocessed data using GRBF with the removing envelope curve method,a program is created to find the position of lunar olivine based on spectrum data,and the numerical experiment shows that it is an effective scheme.展开更多
Lunar impact glasses have been identified as crucial indicators of geochemical information regarding their source regions. Impact glasses can be categorized as either local or exotic. Those preserving geochemical sign...Lunar impact glasses have been identified as crucial indicators of geochemical information regarding their source regions. Impact glasses can be categorized as either local or exotic. Those preserving geochemical signatures matching local lithologies (e.g., mare basalts or their single minerals) or regolith bulk soil compositions are classified as “local”. Otherwise, they could be defined as “exotic”. The analysis of exotic glasses provides the opportunity to explore previously unsampled lunar areas. This study focuses on the identification of exotic glasses within the Chang’e-5 (CE-5) soil sample by analyzing the trace elements of 28 impact glasses with distinct major element compositions in comparison with the CE-5 bulk soil. However, the results indicate that 18 of the analyzed glasses exhibit trace element compositions comparable to those of the local CE-5 materials. In particular, some of them could match the local single mineral component in major and trace elements, suggesting a local origin. Therefore, it is recommended that the investigation be expanded from using major elements to including nonvolatile trace elements, with a view to enhancing our understanding on the provenance of lunar impact glasses. To achieve a more accurate identification of exotic glasses within the CE-5 soil sample, a novel classification plot of Mg# versus La is proposed. The remaining 10 glasses, which exhibit diverse trace element variations, were identified as exotic. A comparative analysis of their chemical characteristics with remote sensing data indicates that they may have originated from the Aristarchus, Mairan, Sharp, or Pythagoras craters. This study elucidates the classification and possible provenance of exotic materials within the CE-5 soil sample, thereby providing constraints for the enhanced identification of local and exotic components at the CE-5 landing site.展开更多
Lunar in-situ construction using additive manufacturing(AM)technology has emerged as a critical pathway for sustainable extraterrestrial exploration.This review systematically evaluates two dominant AM paradigms for l...Lunar in-situ construction using additive manufacturing(AM)technology has emerged as a critical pathway for sustainable extraterrestrial exploration.This review systematically evaluates two dominant AM paradigms for lunar regolith processing:low-temperature deposition forming(material extrusion and binder jetting),and high-energy beam additive manufacturing(powder bed fusion and directed energy deposition).Low-temperature methods achieve moderate compressive strength with low energy consumption but face challenges such as binder dependency and vacuum instability.By contrast,high-energy beam techniques enable binder-free fabrication with better compatibility for in-situ resource utilization,though they suffer from porosity,high energy intensity,and geometric limitations.In the context of lunar in-situ resource utilization(ISRU),low-temperature methods offer near-term feasibility for small-scale infrastructure,while high-energy approaches show promise for large-scale,autonomous construction by leveraging solar energy and raw regolith.Future advancements will hinge on hybrid systems that integrate material efficiency,energy sustainability,and robotic adaptability to overcome extreme environmental challenges.This review consolidates technological progress,identifies interdisciplinary synergies,and provides strategic insights into guiding the transition from Earth-dependent prototypes to self-sufficient lunar habitats,ultimately advancing the capability of humanity for a long-term extraterrestrial presence.展开更多
基金supported by the Young Student Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.525B2139)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFB3711300 and 2021YFF0500301)the Space Application System of China Manned Space Program(No.KJZ-YYWCL404)。
文摘Targeting Chang'E-8 mission'in-situ resource utilization(ISRU)for sustainable lunar habitats,laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)provides a viable pathway for in-situ additive manufacturing of lunar regolith.To elucidate mission relevant mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of LPBF fabricated lunar regolith simulants,mare type and highland type simulant specimens were produced.Microstructural characterization,mechanical test coupled with three-dimensional digital image correlation(3D-DIC),and an energy-dissipation framework were employed for comprehensive analysis.The pristine highland specimens achieved 5.79 MPa and a peak strain of 0.13(50 mm×50 mm×30 mm),significantly outperforming their mare counterparts.Wire-cutting to 20 mm×20 mm×20 mm lowered strength by~20%and peak strain to 0.04,indicating cutting-induced defects reduce ductility.All specimens displayed multipeaked stress–strain curves.3D-DIC revealed band-type strain localization in pristine highland samples,diffuse strain patterns in cut highland samples,and highly tortuous,network-type bands in mare samples;the anisotropy index was also quantified.Fragmented particles exhibited fractal dimensions ranging from 1.6 to 2.0(size 1.25–9 mm).Energy evolution progressed through three distinct stages:elastic energy storage,progressive energy dissipation delaying crack propagation,and final unstable collapse.An energy-based damage model was established and validated.The data and methods developed support Chang'E-8 missions'ISRU demonstrations and establish a transferable framework toward sustainable lunar habitats.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2022YFF0711400)the National Space Science Data Center Youth Open Project (Grant No. NSSDC2302001)
文摘Impact craters are important for understanding the evolution of lunar geologic and surface erosion rates,among other functions.However,the morphological characteristics of these micro impact craters are not obvious and they are numerous,resulting in low detection accuracy by deep learning models.Therefore,we proposed a new multi-scale fusion crater detection algorithm(MSF-CDA)based on the YOLO11 to improve the accuracy of lunar impact crater detection,especially for small craters with a diameter of<1 km.Using the images taken by the LROC(Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera)at the Chang’e-4(CE-4)landing area,we constructed three separate datasets for craters with diameters of 0-70 m,70-140 m,and>140 m.We then trained three submodels separately with these three datasets.Additionally,we designed a slicing-amplifying-slicing strategy to enhance the ability to extract features from small craters.To handle redundant predictions,we proposed a new Non-Maximum Suppression with Area Filtering method to fuse the results in overlapping targets within the multi-scale submodels.Finally,our new MSF-CDA method achieved high detection performance,with the Precision,Recall,and F1 score having values of 0.991,0.987,and 0.989,respectively,perfectly addressing the problems induced by the lesser features and sample imbalance of small craters.Our MSF-CDA can provide strong data support for more in-depth study of the geological evolution of the lunar surface and finer geological age estimations.This strategy can also be used to detect other small objects with lesser features and sample imbalance problems.We detected approximately 500,000 impact craters in an area of approximately 214 km2 around the CE-4 landing area.By statistically analyzing the new data,we updated the distribution function of the number and diameter of impact craters.Finally,we identified the most suitable lighting conditions for detecting impact crater targets by analyzing the effect of different lighting conditions on the detection accuracy.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2012CB025904)Zhengzhou Shengda University of Economics,Business and Management(SD-YB2025085)。
文摘Gauss radial basis functions(GRBF)are frequently employed in data fitting and machine learning.Their linear independence property can theoretically guarantee the avoidance of data redundancy.In this paper,one of the main contributions is proving this property using linear algebra instead of profound knowledge.This makes it easy to read and understand this fundamental fact.The proof of linear independence of a set of Gauss functions relies on the constructing method for one-dimensional space and on the deducing method for higher dimensions.Additionally,under the condition of preserving the same moments between the original function and interpolating function,both the interpolating existence and uniqueness are proven for GRBF in one-dimensional space.The final work demonstrates the application of the GRBF method to locate lunar olivine.By combining preprocessed data using GRBF with the removing envelope curve method,a program is created to find the position of lunar olivine based on spectrum data,and the numerical experiment shows that it is an effective scheme.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42241103 and 62227901)the Key Research Program of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. IGGCAS-202101 and IGGCAS-202401)
文摘Lunar impact glasses have been identified as crucial indicators of geochemical information regarding their source regions. Impact glasses can be categorized as either local or exotic. Those preserving geochemical signatures matching local lithologies (e.g., mare basalts or their single minerals) or regolith bulk soil compositions are classified as “local”. Otherwise, they could be defined as “exotic”. The analysis of exotic glasses provides the opportunity to explore previously unsampled lunar areas. This study focuses on the identification of exotic glasses within the Chang’e-5 (CE-5) soil sample by analyzing the trace elements of 28 impact glasses with distinct major element compositions in comparison with the CE-5 bulk soil. However, the results indicate that 18 of the analyzed glasses exhibit trace element compositions comparable to those of the local CE-5 materials. In particular, some of them could match the local single mineral component in major and trace elements, suggesting a local origin. Therefore, it is recommended that the investigation be expanded from using major elements to including nonvolatile trace elements, with a view to enhancing our understanding on the provenance of lunar impact glasses. To achieve a more accurate identification of exotic glasses within the CE-5 soil sample, a novel classification plot of Mg# versus La is proposed. The remaining 10 glasses, which exhibit diverse trace element variations, were identified as exotic. A comparative analysis of their chemical characteristics with remote sensing data indicates that they may have originated from the Aristarchus, Mairan, Sharp, or Pythagoras craters. This study elucidates the classification and possible provenance of exotic materials within the CE-5 soil sample, thereby providing constraints for the enhanced identification of local and exotic components at the CE-5 landing site.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2023YFB3711300,2021YFF0500300)Space Application System of China Manned Space ProgramStrategic Research and Consulting Project of the Chinese Academy of Engineering(Grant No.2023-JB-09-10)。
文摘Lunar in-situ construction using additive manufacturing(AM)technology has emerged as a critical pathway for sustainable extraterrestrial exploration.This review systematically evaluates two dominant AM paradigms for lunar regolith processing:low-temperature deposition forming(material extrusion and binder jetting),and high-energy beam additive manufacturing(powder bed fusion and directed energy deposition).Low-temperature methods achieve moderate compressive strength with low energy consumption but face challenges such as binder dependency and vacuum instability.By contrast,high-energy beam techniques enable binder-free fabrication with better compatibility for in-situ resource utilization,though they suffer from porosity,high energy intensity,and geometric limitations.In the context of lunar in-situ resource utilization(ISRU),low-temperature methods offer near-term feasibility for small-scale infrastructure,while high-energy approaches show promise for large-scale,autonomous construction by leveraging solar energy and raw regolith.Future advancements will hinge on hybrid systems that integrate material efficiency,energy sustainability,and robotic adaptability to overcome extreme environmental challenges.This review consolidates technological progress,identifies interdisciplinary synergies,and provides strategic insights into guiding the transition from Earth-dependent prototypes to self-sufficient lunar habitats,ultimately advancing the capability of humanity for a long-term extraterrestrial presence.
