摘要
随着地球资源日益枯竭,月球资源开发已成为全球科技竞争的战略焦点。为深入理解月球低重力、高真空与高温差等多物理场耦合环境下,月壤力学行为与地球岩土材料的本质区别,本文系统梳理了月壤力学特性、低重力模拟技术、模拟月壤研制及月表采矿离散元模拟等方面的主要研究进展:重点阐明了颗粒形状、极端环境、低应力条件、颗粒破碎与超高真空等因素对月壤力学行为的影响机制;综述了地面低重力模拟技术与模拟月壤的发展现状;分析了月壤颗粒形态建模与接触模型的发展趋势,同时总结了不同开采方式与月壤边坡破坏的离散元模拟研究成果。在此基础上,文章归纳了现有研究在月壤力学特性获取、多场耦合效应模拟等方面存在的不足,指出需聚焦构建“低重力–高温差–高真空”多场耦合室内试验系统等三大核心方向,以推动地球采矿方法向月面资源开采的适应性拓展。
With the increasing depletion of Earth's resources,lunar resource development has become a strategic focus of global technological competition.To deeply understand the essential differences between the mechanical behavior of lunar soil and that of Earth's rock and soil materials under the multiphysical field coupling environment of low gravity,high vacuum and high temperature difference on the Moon, this paper systematically reviews the main research progress in lunar soil mechanical properties, low-gravity simulation techniques, development of lunar soil simulants, and discrete element simulations of lunar mining. This article elaborates on the influence mechanisms of particle shape, extreme environments, low-stress conditions, particle breakage, and ultra-high vacuum on the mechanical behavior of lunar soil. It also summarizes the current state of ground-based low-gravity simulation technologies and the develop-ment of lunar soil simulants. Furthermore, it analyzes the evolving trends in particle morphology modeling and contact models, while reviewing discrete element simulation studies on different mining methods and lunar soil slope failures. Then, the article summarizes the deficiencies of existing research in the acquisition of mechanical properties of lunar soil and the simulation of multi-field coupling effects, and points out that it is necessary to focus on three core directions: constructing a multi-field coupling indoor experimental sys-tem of "low gravity-high temperature difference-high vacuum". Finally, future research directions are pro-posed to facilitate the adaptation of terrestrial mining methods to lunar resource extraction.
作者
张锦旺
高一硕
万晓航
廖伟
ZHANG Jinwang;GAO Yishuo;WAN Xiaohang;LIAO Wei(School of Energy and Mining Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083 China;Engineering Research Center of Green and Intelligent Mining for Thick Coal Seam,Ministry of Education,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083 China)
出处
《西华大学学报(自然科学版)》
2026年第1期46-58,共13页
Journal of Xihua University:Natural Science Edition
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2025JCCXNY02、2023YQTD02)。
关键词
月表采矿
模拟月壤
力学机制
离散元
月壤
lunar surface mining
simulated lunar regolith
mechanical mechanism
discrete element
lunar soil
