Following over 20 years of research,a direct measurement of the QGP temperature has been achieved at Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider(RHIC),free from the blue-shift effect and contamination from strong interactions.Thi...Following over 20 years of research,a direct measurement of the QGP temperature has been achieved at Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider(RHIC),free from the blue-shift effect and contamination from strong interactions.This viewpoint discusses a recent measurement of the QGP temperature at different stages at the Solenoidal Tracker at RHIC(STAR),which used e^(+)e^(-)pairs as penetrating probes.展开更多
The production of light(anti-)nuclei in high-energy collisions has long posed an apparent paradox:How can loosely bound systems such as the anti-deuteron with a binding energy of only 2.23 MeV be formed and survive in...The production of light(anti-)nuclei in high-energy collisions has long posed an apparent paradox:How can loosely bound systems such as the anti-deuteron with a binding energy of only 2.23 MeV be formed and survive in the extreme hot and dense hadronic environment emerging from proton–proton(pp)and heavy-ion collisions,where characteristic thermal energies exceed 100 MeV?A new femtoscopy analysis published on Nature[1]by the ALICE Collaboration at the Large Hadron Collider(LHC)delivers the clearest answer to date.展开更多
The spontaneous conversion of muonium to antimuonium is an interesting charged lepton flavor violation phenomenon that offers a sensitive probe for potential new physics and serves as a tool to constrain the parameter...The spontaneous conversion of muonium to antimuonium is an interesting charged lepton flavor violation phenomenon that offers a sensitive probe for potential new physics and serves as a tool to constrain the parameter space beyond the Standard Model.The Muonium-to-Antimuonium Conversion Experiment(MACE)was designed to utilize a high-intensity muon beam,a Michel electron magnetic spectrometer,a positron transport system,and a positron detection system to either discover or constrain this rare process with a conversion probability of O(10^(-13)).This article presents an overview of the theoretical framework and a detailed description of the experimental design for muonium-to-antimuonium conversion.展开更多
The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)proposed in China is a dual-ring collider with electron and positron beams in the energy range of 45.5–180 GeV.The main dipole in the CEPC collider is a dual-aperture dipo...The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)proposed in China is a dual-ring collider with electron and positron beams in the energy range of 45.5–180 GeV.The main dipole in the CEPC collider is a dual-aperture dipole with a shared coil between the two apertures,forming an I-shaped structure that can reduce power consumption by 50%.Because of its long length and low field strength,the development of this dual-aperture magnet faces challenges regarding its mechanical design,field measurement accuracy,and field performance.Numerical simulations were performed to better understand the Earth's field and the effect of different BH curves on field performance.The field results of the prototype are presented herein,and the field quality satisfies the requirements.The remanent field accounts for 2%of the integral field at 140 Gs,and the hysteresis effect caused an increase in field strength of approximately 0.075%after a standardization cycle of the trim coils.Research on this prototype can provide useful insights for understanding low-field dipole magnets.展开更多
Detector and event visualization are crucial components of high-energy physics(HEP)experimental software.Virtual reality(VR)technologies and multimedia development platforms,such as Unity,offer enhanced display effect...Detector and event visualization are crucial components of high-energy physics(HEP)experimental software.Virtual reality(VR)technologies and multimedia development platforms,such as Unity,offer enhanced display effects and flexible extensibility for visualization in HEP experiments.In this study,we present a VR-based method for detector and event displays in the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)experiment.This method shares the same detector geometry descriptions and event data model as those in the offline software and provides the necessary data conversion interfaces.The VR methodology facilitates an immersive exploration of the virtual environment in JUNO,enabling users to investigate the detector geometry,visualize event data,and tune the detector simulation and event reconstruction algorithms.Additionally,this approach supports applications in data monitoring,physics data analysis,and public outreach initiatives.展开更多
Leveraging high-precision lattice QCD data on the equation of state and baryon number susceptibility at a vanishing chemical potential,we constructed a Bayesian holographic QCD model and systematically analyzed the th...Leveraging high-precision lattice QCD data on the equation of state and baryon number susceptibility at a vanishing chemical potential,we constructed a Bayesian holographic QCD model and systematically analyzed the thermodynamic properties of heavy quarkonium in QCD matter under varying temperatures and chemical potentials.We computed the quark-antiquark interquark distance,potential energy,entropy,binding energy,and internal energy.We present detailed posterior distribution results of the thermodynamic quantities of heavy quarkonium,including maximum a posteriori(MAP)value estimates and 95%confidence levels(CL).Through numerical simulations and theoretical analysis,we find that an increase in the temperature and chemical potential reduces the quark distance,thereby facilitating the dissociation of heavy quarkonium and leading to a suppressed potential energy.The increase in temperature and chemical potential also raises the entropy and entropy force,further accelerating the dissociation of heavy quarkonium.The calculated results of binding energy indicate that a higher temperature and chemical potential enhance the tendency of heavy quarkonium to dissociate into free quarks.The internal energy also increases with rising temperature and chemical potential.These findings provide significant theoretical insights into the properties of strongly interacting matter under extreme conditions and lay a solid foundation for the interpretation and validation of future experimental data.Finally,we also present the results for the free energy,entropy,and internal energy of a single quark.展开更多
文摘Following over 20 years of research,a direct measurement of the QGP temperature has been achieved at Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider(RHIC),free from the blue-shift effect and contamination from strong interactions.This viewpoint discusses a recent measurement of the QGP temperature at different stages at the Solenoidal Tracker at RHIC(STAR),which used e^(+)e^(-)pairs as penetrating probes.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2024YFA1612500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12422509,12375121,12547102)。
文摘The production of light(anti-)nuclei in high-energy collisions has long posed an apparent paradox:How can loosely bound systems such as the anti-deuteron with a binding energy of only 2.23 MeV be formed and survive in the extreme hot and dense hadronic environment emerging from proton–proton(pp)and heavy-ion collisions,where characteristic thermal energies exceed 100 MeV?A new femtoscopy analysis published on Nature[1]by the ALICE Collaboration at the Large Hadron Collider(LHC)delivers the clearest answer to date.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12075326,11535014,11975017,12475191,11905092,12105132 and 12175039)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2025A1515010669)+7 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangzhou(No.2024A04J6243)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(23xkjc017)in Sun Yat-sen UniversityBasic Research Conditions and Major Scientific Instrument and Equipment Research and Development Projects of the Ministry of Science and Technology(No.2022YFF0705602)the State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics(SKLPDE-ZZ-202412)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.2023HWYQ-010)the“Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities”at Southeast Universitythe National Development and Reform Commission of China(Large Research Infrastructures of 12th Five-Year Plan:China initiative Accelerator Driven System)(No.2017-000052-75-01-000590)Innovation Training Program for bachelor students in Sun Yat-sen University。
文摘The spontaneous conversion of muonium to antimuonium is an interesting charged lepton flavor violation phenomenon that offers a sensitive probe for potential new physics and serves as a tool to constrain the parameter space beyond the Standard Model.The Muonium-to-Antimuonium Conversion Experiment(MACE)was designed to utilize a high-intensity muon beam,a Michel electron magnetic spectrometer,a positron transport system,and a positron detection system to either discover or constrain this rare process with a conversion probability of O(10^(-13)).This article presents an overview of the theoretical framework and a detailed description of the experimental design for muonium-to-antimuonium conversion.
文摘The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)proposed in China is a dual-ring collider with electron and positron beams in the energy range of 45.5–180 GeV.The main dipole in the CEPC collider is a dual-aperture dipole with a shared coil between the two apertures,forming an I-shaped structure that can reduce power consumption by 50%.Because of its long length and low field strength,the development of this dual-aperture magnet faces challenges regarding its mechanical design,field measurement accuracy,and field performance.Numerical simulations were performed to better understand the Earth's field and the effect of different BH curves on field performance.The field results of the prototype are presented herein,and the field quality satisfies the requirements.The remanent field accounts for 2%of the integral field at 140 Gs,and the hysteresis effect caused an increase in field strength of approximately 0.075%after a standardization cycle of the trim coils.Research on this prototype can provide useful insights for understanding low-field dipole magnets.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12175321,W2443004,11975021,11675275,U1932101)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA10010900)+2 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFA1606000 and 2020YFA0406400)National College Students Science and Technology Innovation ProjectUndergraduate Base Scientific Research Project of Sun Yat-sen University。
文摘Detector and event visualization are crucial components of high-energy physics(HEP)experimental software.Virtual reality(VR)technologies and multimedia development platforms,such as Unity,offer enhanced display effects and flexible extensibility for visualization in HEP experiments.In this study,we present a VR-based method for detector and event displays in the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)experiment.This method shares the same detector geometry descriptions and event data model as those in the offline software and provides the necessary data conversion interfaces.The VR methodology facilitates an immersive exploration of the virtual environment in JUNO,enabling users to investigate the detector geometry,visualize event data,and tune the detector simulation and event reconstruction algorithms.Additionally,this approach supports applications in data monitoring,physics data analysis,and public outreach initiatives.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFA1604900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.12405154,12235016,12221005,12435009,12275104,92570117)+7 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB34030000)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesOpen fund for Key Laboratories of the Ministry of Education(No.QLPL2024P01)CUHK-Shenzhen University Development Fund(Nos.UDF01003041 and UDF03003041)Shenzhen Peacock Fund(No.2023TC0007)Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2024YFA1611004)the European Union–Next Generation EU through the research(No.P2022Z4P4B)“SOPHYA-Sustainable Optimized PHYsics Algorithms:fundamental physics to build an advanced society”under the program PRIN 2022 PNRR of the Italian Ministero dell’Universitàe Ricerca(MUR)。
文摘Leveraging high-precision lattice QCD data on the equation of state and baryon number susceptibility at a vanishing chemical potential,we constructed a Bayesian holographic QCD model and systematically analyzed the thermodynamic properties of heavy quarkonium in QCD matter under varying temperatures and chemical potentials.We computed the quark-antiquark interquark distance,potential energy,entropy,binding energy,and internal energy.We present detailed posterior distribution results of the thermodynamic quantities of heavy quarkonium,including maximum a posteriori(MAP)value estimates and 95%confidence levels(CL).Through numerical simulations and theoretical analysis,we find that an increase in the temperature and chemical potential reduces the quark distance,thereby facilitating the dissociation of heavy quarkonium and leading to a suppressed potential energy.The increase in temperature and chemical potential also raises the entropy and entropy force,further accelerating the dissociation of heavy quarkonium.The calculated results of binding energy indicate that a higher temperature and chemical potential enhance the tendency of heavy quarkonium to dissociate into free quarks.The internal energy also increases with rising temperature and chemical potential.These findings provide significant theoretical insights into the properties of strongly interacting matter under extreme conditions and lay a solid foundation for the interpretation and validation of future experimental data.Finally,we also present the results for the free energy,entropy,and internal energy of a single quark.
