Both straw incorporation and irrigation practices affect biological nitrogen(N)fixation(BNF),but it is still unclear how straw incorporation impacts BNF under continuous(CFI)or intermittent(IFI)flooding irrigation in ...Both straw incorporation and irrigation practices affect biological nitrogen(N)fixation(BNF),but it is still unclear how straw incorporation impacts BNF under continuous(CFI)or intermittent(IFI)flooding irrigation in a rice cropping system.A15N2-labeling chamber system was placed in a rice field to evaluate BNF with straw incorporation under CFI or IFI for 90 d.The nif H(gene encoding the nitrogenase reductase subunit)DNA and c DNA in soil were amplified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction,and high-throughput sequencing was applied to the nif H gene.The total fixed N in the straw incorporation treatment was 14.3 kg ha^(-1)under CFI,being 116%higher than that under IFI(6.62 kg ha^(-1)).Straw incorporation and CFI showed significant interactive effects on the total fixed N and abundances of nif H DNA and c DNA.The increase in BNF was mainly due to the increase in the abundances of heterotrophic diazotrophs such as Desulfovibrio,Azonexus,and Azotobacter.These results indicated that straw incorporation stimulated BNF under CFI relative to IFI,which might ultimately lead to a rapid enhancement of soil fertility.展开更多
Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)imagery poses significant challenges for object detection due to extreme scale variations,high-density small targets(68%in VisDrone dataset),and complex backgrounds.While YOLO-series models...Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)imagery poses significant challenges for object detection due to extreme scale variations,high-density small targets(68%in VisDrone dataset),and complex backgrounds.While YOLO-series models achieve speed-accuracy trade-offs via fixed convolution kernels and manual feature fusion,their rigid architectures struggle with multi-scale adaptability,as exemplified by YOLOv8n’s 36.4%mAP and 13.9%small-object AP on VisDrone2019.This paper presents YOLO-LE,a lightweight framework addressing these limitations through three novel designs:(1)We introduce the C2f-Dy and LDown modules to enhance the backbone’s sensitivity to small-object features while reducing backbone parameters,thereby improving model efficiency.(2)An adaptive feature fusion module is designed to dynamically integrate multi-scale feature maps,optimizing the neck structure,reducing neck complexity,and enhancing overall model performance.(3)We replace the original loss function with a distributed focal loss and incorporate a lightweight self-attention mechanism to improve small-object recognition and bounding box regression accuracy.Experimental results demonstrate that YOLO-LE achieves 39.9%mAP@0.5 on VisDrone2019,representing a 9.6%improvement over YOLOv8n,while maintaining 8.5 GFLOPs computational efficiency.This provides an efficient solution for UAV object detection in complex scenarios.展开更多
Permanent magnet synchronous motor based electro-mechanical actuation servo drives have widespread applications in the aviation field,such as unmanned aerial vehicle electric servos,electric cabin doors,and mechanical...Permanent magnet synchronous motor based electro-mechanical actuation servo drives have widespread applications in the aviation field,such as unmanned aerial vehicle electric servos,electric cabin doors,and mechanical arms.The performance of the servo drive,which encompasses the response to the torque,efficiency,control bandwidth and the steady-state positioning accuracy,significantly influences the performance of the aviation actuation.Consequently,enhancing the control bandwidth and refining the positioning accuracy of aviation electro-mechanical actuation servo drives have emerged as a focal point of research.This paper investigates the multi-source disturbances present in aviation electro-mechanical actuation servo systems and summarizes recent research on high-performance servo control methods based on active disturbance rejection control(ADRC).We present a comprehensive overview of the research status pertaining to servo control architecture,strategies for suppressing disturbances in the current loop,and ADRC-based strategies for the position loop.We delineate the research challenges and difficulties encountered by aviation electro-mechanical actuation servo drive control technology.展开更多
Aegilops speltoides,the closest ancestor of the wheat B subgenome,has been well studied genomically.However,the epigenetic landscape of Ae.speltoides and the effects of epigenetics on its growth and development remain...Aegilops speltoides,the closest ancestor of the wheat B subgenome,has been well studied genomically.However,the epigenetic landscape of Ae.speltoides and the effects of epigenetics on its growth and development remain poorly understood.Here,we present a comprehensive multi-omics atlas of leaves and roots in Ae.speltoides,encompassing transcriptome,DNA methylation,histone modifications,and small RNA profiling.Divergent DNA methylation levels were detected between leaves and roots,and were associated with differences in accumulated 24-nt siRNAs.DNA methylation changes in promoters and gene bodies showed strong connections with altered expression between leaves and roots.Transcriptional regulatory networks(TRN)reconstructed between leaves and roots were driven by tissue-specific TF families.DNA methylation and histone modification act together as switches that shape root and leaf morphogenesis by modulating the binding of tissue-specific TFs to their target genes.The TRNs in leaves and roots reshaped during wheat polyploidization were associated with alterations in epigenetic modi-fications.Collectively,these results not only shed light on the critical contribution of epigenetic regulation in the morphogenesis of leaves and roots in Ae.speltoides but also provide new insights for future investigations into the complex interplay of genetic and epigenetic factors in the developmental biology of common wheat.展开更多
Turmeric residue（TR）, containing residual levels of curcumin, is a solid by-product waste generated after the extraction and separation of curcumin from turmeric root. A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the e...Turmeric residue（TR）, containing residual levels of curcumin, is a solid by-product waste generated after the extraction and separation of curcumin from turmeric root. A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of TR on the survival of Chinese soft-shelled turtles（SSTs）, Pelodiscus sinensis, under a high ambient temperature. A total of 320 female SSTs were assigned randomly to two diets： basal diet（the control group, n=160） and an interventional diet supplemented with 10% TR（the TR group, n=160）. Our results demonstrated that supplementation of TR increased the SST survival rate by 135.5%, and superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity of SST liver by 112.8%, and decreased the malondialdehyde（MDA） content of SST liver by 36.4%, compared to the control group. The skin of the SST fed TR showed a golden color. High-performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） analysis indicated that the concentrations of curcumin in TR and the skin of the SST fed TR were（1.69±0.30） and（0.14±0.03） μg/g, respectively. Our observation suggests that supplementation of TR increased the survival rate of SST under high ambient temperatures. We speculated that the increased survival rate and tolerance at the high ambient temperature were associated with the anti-oxidation activity of curcumin from TR. Moreover, curcumin in TR could be deposited in SST skin, which made it more favored in the market of China. Our findings provide new knowledge and evidence to effectively reuse TR as a feed additive in animal and aquatic farming.展开更多
Chronic atrophic gastritis includes two main types:autoimmune gastritis(AIG),also known as type A gastritis,and non-AIG.AIG primarily affects the fundus and body of the stomach and is characterized by atrophy of the g...Chronic atrophic gastritis includes two main types:autoimmune gastritis(AIG),also known as type A gastritis,and non-AIG.AIG primarily affects the fundus and body of the stomach and is characterized by atrophy of the gastric body mucosa[1,2].The non-AIG category includes type B gastritis,where the lesions mainly occur in the gastric antrum,as well as chronic superficial gastritis,an early stage of stomach disorders.The diagnosis of AIG versus non-AIG heavily relies on gastroscopy,a procedure known for its risks and inconvenience.Therefore,identifying biomarkers that can distinguish between AIG and non-AIG is crucial.However,there are currently no reports on small-molecule biomarkers for distinguishing between AIG and non-AIG.In this study,we investigated the serum metabolomics of AIG and non-AIG patients using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UHPLC/MS),and compared their metabolic profile differences.In total 46 differential metabolites were identified,and three of which(L-glutamic acid,anthranilate,and deoxyadenosine)were linked to the regulation of gastric biosynthetic genes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Tracheoesophageal fistula(TEF)is a life-threatening complication of advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).Cervical ESCC is rare and frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage.Managing cervical es...BACKGROUND Tracheoesophageal fistula(TEF)is a life-threatening complication of advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).Cervical ESCC is rare and frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage.Managing cervical esophageal cancer(CEC)is challenging,requiring intervention by a multidisciplinary team(MDT)and innovative surgical management.CASE SUMMARY Here,we present a 59-year-old male patient with a 5-month history of CEC and difficulty eating for over 20 days,who developed TEF secondary to recurrent ESCC after chemoradiotherapy.He underwent total pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy,left thyroidectomy,and lymphadenectomy.Gastric pull-up was performed to restore gastrointestinal continuity,and a 7 cm×5 cm supraclavicular artery island flap(SCAIF)was used to reconstruct the lower tracheal defect.Despite severe postoperative complications,he recovered by successful management by a MDT.A 7 cm×6 cm pectoralis major myocutaneous flap was successfully used to repair the necrotic gastric conduit defect.The patient recovered,regaining the ability to eat and breathe effectively.At the 27-month follow-up,he was alive without recurrence or metastasis.CONCLUSION This study highlights the efficacy of gastric pull-up and SCAIF reconstruction in managing TEF secondary to recurrent ESCC.展开更多
Neutron shielding materials face imbalanced behaviors among shielding,strength,and ductility properties.Based on the requirement of the high property shielding particles,a superior semi-coherentτ(Al4 MgGd)phase was d...Neutron shielding materials face imbalanced behaviors among shielding,strength,and ductility properties.Based on the requirement of the high property shielding particles,a superior semi-coherentτ(Al4 MgGd)phase was designed and predicted by cluster expansion(CE)method using density functional theory calculations.To realize its shielding property,the Powder Metallurgy-based routines(i.e.,powder fabrication,spark plasma sintering,and hot extrusion techniques)are used to fabricate 6TiB_(2)/Al-6Mg-5Gd(wt.%)composite with dispersed refinedτphases and homogenized TiB_(2) distribution.The atomic structure of ternary phase τ is examined by aberration-corrected high-angle annual dark-field(HAADF)scanning transmission electron microscope(STEM)and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDXS)STEM experiments,which is well complied with the calculated compound(Al_(4)MgGd).In detail,theτ(Al_(4)MgGd)phase has a semi-coherent interface both with α-Al and TiB_(2),which is consistent with the prediction of interface relationships.With the optimized interfaces,the TiB_(2) and τ phases can effectively promote recrystallization and suppress grain growth,leading to the formation of ultra-fine grain structure.Then,the composite exhibits advanced shielding properties(Macroscopic transmission cross section ~24.1/cm,higher than 30%B_(4) C/Al)and optimized synergic mechanical properties(Ultimate tensile strength ~506 MPa,elongation ~12.9%),which are far higher than available Al-based neutron shielding materials.Finally,the underlying strength-ductility mechanisms are discussed.Critically,the design and optimization of shielding particle interfaces are reliable strategies for developing novel structural-functional integrated materials.展开更多
A thoroughly mechanistic understanding of the electrochemical CO reduction reaction(eCORR)at the interface is significant for guiding the design of high-performance electrocatalysts.However,unintentionally ignored fac...A thoroughly mechanistic understanding of the electrochemical CO reduction reaction(eCORR)at the interface is significant for guiding the design of high-performance electrocatalysts.However,unintentionally ignored factors or unreasonable settings during mechanism simulations will result in false positive results between theory and experiment.Herein,we computationally identified the dynamic site preference change of CO adsorption with potentials on Cu(100),which was a previously unnoticed factor but significant to potential-dependent mechanistic studies.Combined with the different lateral interactions among adsorbates,we proposed a new C–C coupling mechanism on Cu(100),better explaining the product distribution at different potentials in experimental eCORR.At low potentials(from–0.4 to–0.6 V_(RHE)),the CO forms dominant adsorption on the bridge site,which couples with another attractively aggregated CO to form a C–C bond.At medium potentials(from–0.6 to–0.8 VRHE),the hollow-bound CO becomes dominant but tends to isolate with another adsorbate due to the repulsion,thereby blocking the coupling process.At high potentials(above–0.8 VRHE),the CHO intermediate is produced from the electroreduction of hollow-CO and favors the attraction with another bridge-CO to trigger C–C coupling,making CHO the major common intermediate for C–C bond formation and methane production.We anticipate that our computationally identified dynamic change in site preference of adsorbates with potentials will bring new opportunities for a better understanding of the potential-dependent electrochemical processes.展开更多
This work investigated the microstructure,magnetic properties,and crystallization kinetics of the as-spun and annealed alloy ribbons of(Fe_(40-x)Co_xNi_(40)Si_(6.33)B_(12.66)Cu_1)_(0.97)Nb_(0.03),where x=0,6,7,8,9,pre...This work investigated the microstructure,magnetic properties,and crystallization kinetics of the as-spun and annealed alloy ribbons of(Fe_(40-x)Co_xNi_(40)Si_(6.33)B_(12.66)Cu_1)_(0.97)Nb_(0.03),where x=0,6,7,8,9,prepared using the meltspinning method.The results show that adding a moderate amount of Co can improve the glass forming ability(GFA),the first peak crystallization temperature,and thermal stability of the as-spun alloy ribbons.With x=7,the two-stage crystallization temperature interval△Tx=90 exhibits optimal thermal stability,and the alloy annealed at 673 K for 10 minutes shows the favorable combined magnetic properties,with H_(c)=0.12 A/m,M_(s)=88.7 A·m^(2)/kg,andμ_(e)=13800.The magnetic domain results show that annealing removes numerous pinning points in the magnetic domains of the alloy ribbons,making the domain walls smoother and effectively reducing the pinning effect.展开更多
Pressure has been introduced into power systems owing to the intermittent and uncertain nature of renewable energy.As a result,energy resource aggregators are emerging in the electricity market to realize sustainable ...Pressure has been introduced into power systems owing to the intermittent and uncertain nature of renewable energy.As a result,energy resource aggregators are emerging in the electricity market to realize sustainable and economic advantages through distributed generation,energy storage,and demand response resources.However,resource aggregators face the challenge of dealing with the uncertainty of renewable energy generation and setting appropriate incentives to exploit substantial energy flexibility in the building sector.In this study,a risk-aware optimal dispatch strategy that integrates probabilistic renewable energy prediction and bi-level building flexibility engagements is proposed.A natural gradient boosting algorithm(NGBoost),which requires no prior knowledge of uncertain variables,was adopted to develop a probabilistic photovoltaic(PV)forecasting model.The lack of suitable flexibility incentives is addressed by a novel interactive flexibility engagement scheme that can take into account building users'willingness and optimize the building flexibility provision.The chance-constrained programming method was applied to manage the supply-demand balance of the resource aggregator and ensure risk-aware decision-making in power dispatch.The case study results show the strong economic and environmental performance of the proposed strategy.The proposed strategy leads to a win-win situation in which profit increases through a load reduction of 13% and a carbon emission reduction of 3% is achieved for different stakeholders,which also shows a trade-off between the economic benefits and the risk of supply shortage.展开更多
Objective:Generative artificial intelligence(AI)technology,represented by large language models(LLMs),has gradually been developed for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM);however,challenges remain in effectively enhanci...Objective:Generative artificial intelligence(AI)technology,represented by large language models(LLMs),has gradually been developed for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM);however,challenges remain in effectively enhancing AI applications for TCM.Therefore,this study is the first systematic review to analyze LLMs in TCM retrospectively,focusing on and summarizing the evidence of their performance in generative tasks.Methods:We extensively searched electronic databases for articles published until June 2024 to identify publicly available studies on LLMs in TCM.Two investigators independently selected and extracted the related information and evaluation metrics.Based on the available data,this study used descriptive analysis for a comprehensive systematic review of LLM technology related to TCM.Results:Ten studies published between 2023 and 2024 met our eligibility criteria and were included in this review,including 40%LLMs in the TCM vertical domain,40%containing TCM data,and 20%honoring the TCM contribution,with a foundational model parameter range from 1.8 to 33 billion.All included studies used manual or automatic evaluation metrics to evaluate model performance and fully discussed the challenges and contributions through an overview of LLMs in TCM.Conclusions:LLMs have achieved significant advantages in TCM applications and can effectively address intelligent TCM tasks.Further in-depth development of LLMs is needed in various vertical TCM fields,including clinical and fundamental research.Focusing on the functional segmentation development direction of generative AI technologies in TCM application scenarios to meet the practical needs-oriented demands of TCM digitalization is essential.展开更多
Gastric cancer(GC)is a highly prevalent and life-threatening malignant tumor worldwide,posing a serious threat to human health.Depression is also highly prevalent among patients with GC.A complex bidirectional relatio...Gastric cancer(GC)is a highly prevalent and life-threatening malignant tumor worldwide,posing a serious threat to human health.Depression is also highly prevalent among patients with GC.A complex bidirectional relationship exists between the two.A total of 52 articles were included in this study to synthesize the evidence on the association between depression and the risk of GC as well as the prognosis of affected patients.The findings indicated that depression can activate the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis,promote the release of catecholamine neurotransmitters,and influence the proliferation,invasion,and metastasis of GC through signaling pathways such as theβ2-adrenergic receptor.Furthermore,the severity of depression is positively correlated with indicators of GC progression.At the same time,GC can induce or aggravate depression through psychological and cognitive factors,social environment interactions,and diverse pathophysiological mechanisms,including tumor biological characteristics,treatment-related damage,and metabolic disorders.These interactions form a vicious cycle.This minireview summarizes the existing evidence and provides a theoretical basis for clinical interventions aimed at improving treatment outcomes and quality of life in patients with GC.展开更多
Elemental modulation and heat treatment optimization have emerged as pivotal strategies for enhancing the soft magnetic properties of alloys.We thoroughly examine the impact of microalloyed Co on the amorphous formati...Elemental modulation and heat treatment optimization have emerged as pivotal strategies for enhancing the soft magnetic properties of alloys.We thoroughly examine the impact of microalloyed Co on the amorphous formation ability,thermal stability,and soft magnetic properties of Fe_(80)Co_(x)Si_(7-x)B_(8)P_(4)Cu1(x=0,0.5,1,1.5,2)alloys.The influence of different annealing processes on these properties is analyzed through detailed insights into the evolution of nanocrystalline microstructure and magnetic domain behavior.Our findings indicate that Co addition facilitates the nucleation and growth of the a-Fe(Si,Co)phase while broadening the thermal processing window,thereby significantly improving the alloy’s soft magnetic properties.Notably,the alloy with x=1 undergoes a pre-annealing and reheating process to yield a finer,denser,and more uniform nanocrystalline structure(average grain size D=20.29 nm,grain density Nd=1.5×10^(23)m^(-3)).This refinement enables the formation of broad magnetic domains characterized by 180°domain walls,culminating in exceptional soft magnetic properties,including a high magnetic flux density(B_(s)=1.81 T),high effective permeability(μ_(e)=18,014),and low coercivity(H_(c)=5.57 A m^(-1)).Further,the pinning fields(Hp)for the x=1 alloy are notably low,ranging from15 to 20 A m^(-1),while the maximum effective permeability reaches 69,300.These exceptional properties are directly linked to the alloy’s minimized total free energy(E)and its highly homogeneous microstructure,which collectively suppress magnetic pinning effects.Such characteristics position the x=1 alloy as an exceptional candidate for high-sensitivity applications,particularly in sensor device systems functioning under mild magnetic fields and necessitating swift reaction.展开更多
Corn stover,an agricultural waste,was used to prepare nitrogen self-doped carbon quantum dots(CQDs)through a simple hydrothermal method with only water at near room temperature for the first time.The surface,electroch...Corn stover,an agricultural waste,was used to prepare nitrogen self-doped carbon quantum dots(CQDs)through a simple hydrothermal method with only water at near room temperature for the first time.The surface,electrochemical,and photovoltaic characteristics of CQDs doped TiO_(2)in dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs)were thoroughly and systematically examined.The average diameter of blue-fluorescence CQDs measured by a high-resolution transmission electron microscope(HR-TEM)was 4.63±0.87 nm,which consisted of polar functional groups.The highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)energy of the biomass-derived CQDs,determined by the cyclic voltammetry(CV)test,were,−5.48 eV and−3.89 eV,respectively.The negative shift of flat band potential(Vfb)in CQDs incorporated photoanode implies the fermi level shifted upward.Experimental results revealed that the improved performance of DSSCs was due to charge transport enhancement and separation,which resulted in the improved energy level configuration between TiO_(2),CQDs,and electrolytes.In this regard,the CQDs serve as a mediator that enables charge carrier transport without hindrance.In this study,CQDs added to TiO_(2)+N719,increased short circuit current density(JSC)and power conversion efficiency(PCE)value by∼26.00%(10.13 to 12.69 mA/cm^(2))and 27.20%(4.78%to 6.08%),respectively.展开更多
The effects of direct aging(DA)on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TiB_(2)/AlSi7Mg alloys fabricated via laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)were systematically investigated.DA significantly improves strength ...The effects of direct aging(DA)on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TiB_(2)/AlSi7Mg alloys fabricated via laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)were systematically investigated.DA significantly improves strength while maintaining satisfactory ductility.Optimal performance is obtained through under-aging(UA)at 150℃ for 4 h,resulting in a yield strength of 361 MPa,tensile strength of 503 MPa,and elongation of 9.1%in the horizontal direction.DA does not substantially alter the grain size or cellular structure but pro-motes the formation of nanoprecipitates within theα-Al matrix.Specifically,UA induces dot-like and needle-like Si precipitates,whereas over-aging(OA)additionally generates short rod-likeβ'-Mg_(1.8)Si phases.The strengthening mechanism is attributed to the Hall-Petch ef-fect associated with grain and cell boundaries,and the Orowan mechanism induced by nanoprecipitates.Work-hardening behavior is gov-erned by interactions between dislocations and nanoprecipitates.The OA sample exhibits rapid saturation of work hardening due to a high initial hardening rate and dynamic recovery of dislocations,resulting in limited uniform elongation.In contrast,the UA sample demon-strates a more balanced work hardening response.These findings provide theoretical and experimental validation of DA as an effective post-processing approach aimed at enhancing the performance of LPBF Al-Si-Mg alloys in engineering applications.展开更多
The integration of large-scale-distributed new energy resources has led to heightened source‒load uncertainty.As energy prosumers,microgrids urgently require enhanced real-time regulation capabilities over controllabl...The integration of large-scale-distributed new energy resources has led to heightened source‒load uncertainty.As energy prosumers,microgrids urgently require enhanced real-time regulation capabilities over controllable resources amid uncertain environments,rendering real-time and rapid decision-making a critical issue.This paper proposes a tailored twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient(TD3)reinforcement learning algorithm that explicitly accounts for source‒load uncertainty.First,following an expert experience-based methodology,Gaussian process regression was implemented using the radial basis function covariance with historical source and load data.The parameters were adaptively adjusted by maximum likelihood estimation to generate the expected curves of demand and wind‒solar power generation,along with their 95%confidence regions,which were treated as representative uncertainty scenarios.Second,the traditional scheduling model was transformed into a deep reinforcement learning(DRL)environment through a Markov process.To minimize the total operational cost of the microgrid,the tailored TD3 algorithm was applied to formulate rapid intraday scheduling decisions.Finally,simulations were conducted using real historical data from an actual region in Zhejiang province,China,to verify the efficacy of the proposed method.The results demonstrate the potential of the algorithm for achieving economic scheduling for microgrids.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42177333 and 31870500)the National Special Program for Key Basic Research of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2015FY110700)the Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund,China(No.JASTIFCX(20)2003)。
文摘Both straw incorporation and irrigation practices affect biological nitrogen(N)fixation(BNF),but it is still unclear how straw incorporation impacts BNF under continuous(CFI)or intermittent(IFI)flooding irrigation in a rice cropping system.A15N2-labeling chamber system was placed in a rice field to evaluate BNF with straw incorporation under CFI or IFI for 90 d.The nif H(gene encoding the nitrogenase reductase subunit)DNA and c DNA in soil were amplified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction,and high-throughput sequencing was applied to the nif H gene.The total fixed N in the straw incorporation treatment was 14.3 kg ha^(-1)under CFI,being 116%higher than that under IFI(6.62 kg ha^(-1)).Straw incorporation and CFI showed significant interactive effects on the total fixed N and abundances of nif H DNA and c DNA.The increase in BNF was mainly due to the increase in the abundances of heterotrophic diazotrophs such as Desulfovibrio,Azonexus,and Azotobacter.These results indicated that straw incorporation stimulated BNF under CFI relative to IFI,which might ultimately lead to a rapid enhancement of soil fertility.
文摘Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)imagery poses significant challenges for object detection due to extreme scale variations,high-density small targets(68%in VisDrone dataset),and complex backgrounds.While YOLO-series models achieve speed-accuracy trade-offs via fixed convolution kernels and manual feature fusion,their rigid architectures struggle with multi-scale adaptability,as exemplified by YOLOv8n’s 36.4%mAP and 13.9%small-object AP on VisDrone2019.This paper presents YOLO-LE,a lightweight framework addressing these limitations through three novel designs:(1)We introduce the C2f-Dy and LDown modules to enhance the backbone’s sensitivity to small-object features while reducing backbone parameters,thereby improving model efficiency.(2)An adaptive feature fusion module is designed to dynamically integrate multi-scale feature maps,optimizing the neck structure,reducing neck complexity,and enhancing overall model performance.(3)We replace the original loss function with a distributed focal loss and incorporate a lightweight self-attention mechanism to improve small-object recognition and bounding box regression accuracy.Experimental results demonstrate that YOLO-LE achieves 39.9%mAP@0.5 on VisDrone2019,representing a 9.6%improvement over YOLOv8n,while maintaining 8.5 GFLOPs computational efficiency.This provides an efficient solution for UAV object detection in complex scenarios.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52177059 and 52407064).
文摘Permanent magnet synchronous motor based electro-mechanical actuation servo drives have widespread applications in the aviation field,such as unmanned aerial vehicle electric servos,electric cabin doors,and mechanical arms.The performance of the servo drive,which encompasses the response to the torque,efficiency,control bandwidth and the steady-state positioning accuracy,significantly influences the performance of the aviation actuation.Consequently,enhancing the control bandwidth and refining the positioning accuracy of aviation electro-mechanical actuation servo drives have emerged as a focal point of research.This paper investigates the multi-source disturbances present in aviation electro-mechanical actuation servo systems and summarizes recent research on high-performance servo control methods based on active disturbance rejection control(ADRC).We present a comprehensive overview of the research status pertaining to servo control architecture,strategies for suppressing disturbances in the current loop,and ADRC-based strategies for the position loop.We delineate the research challenges and difficulties encountered by aviation electro-mechanical actuation servo drive control technology.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1200403).
文摘Aegilops speltoides,the closest ancestor of the wheat B subgenome,has been well studied genomically.However,the epigenetic landscape of Ae.speltoides and the effects of epigenetics on its growth and development remain poorly understood.Here,we present a comprehensive multi-omics atlas of leaves and roots in Ae.speltoides,encompassing transcriptome,DNA methylation,histone modifications,and small RNA profiling.Divergent DNA methylation levels were detected between leaves and roots,and were associated with differences in accumulated 24-nt siRNAs.DNA methylation changes in promoters and gene bodies showed strong connections with altered expression between leaves and roots.Transcriptional regulatory networks(TRN)reconstructed between leaves and roots were driven by tissue-specific TF families.DNA methylation and histone modification act together as switches that shape root and leaf morphogenesis by modulating the binding of tissue-specific TFs to their target genes.The TRNs in leaves and roots reshaped during wheat polyploidization were associated with alterations in epigenetic modi-fications.Collectively,these results not only shed light on the critical contribution of epigenetic regulation in the morphogenesis of leaves and roots in Ae.speltoides but also provide new insights for future investigations into the complex interplay of genetic and epigenetic factors in the developmental biology of common wheat.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31271848)the Foundation of Fuli Institute of Food Science of Zhejiang University(No.KY201404),China
文摘Turmeric residue（TR）, containing residual levels of curcumin, is a solid by-product waste generated after the extraction and separation of curcumin from turmeric root. A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of TR on the survival of Chinese soft-shelled turtles（SSTs）, Pelodiscus sinensis, under a high ambient temperature. A total of 320 female SSTs were assigned randomly to two diets： basal diet（the control group, n=160） and an interventional diet supplemented with 10% TR（the TR group, n=160）. Our results demonstrated that supplementation of TR increased the SST survival rate by 135.5%, and superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity of SST liver by 112.8%, and decreased the malondialdehyde（MDA） content of SST liver by 36.4%, compared to the control group. The skin of the SST fed TR showed a golden color. High-performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） analysis indicated that the concentrations of curcumin in TR and the skin of the SST fed TR were（1.69±0.30） and（0.14±0.03） μg/g, respectively. Our observation suggests that supplementation of TR increased the survival rate of SST under high ambient temperatures. We speculated that the increased survival rate and tolerance at the high ambient temperature were associated with the anti-oxidation activity of curcumin from TR. Moreover, curcumin in TR could be deposited in SST skin, which made it more favored in the market of China. Our findings provide new knowledge and evidence to effectively reuse TR as a feed additive in animal and aquatic farming.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:82122073 and 82173950)the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding,China(Grant Nos.:BJ-2023-101 and BJ-2023-075).
文摘Chronic atrophic gastritis includes two main types:autoimmune gastritis(AIG),also known as type A gastritis,and non-AIG.AIG primarily affects the fundus and body of the stomach and is characterized by atrophy of the gastric body mucosa[1,2].The non-AIG category includes type B gastritis,where the lesions mainly occur in the gastric antrum,as well as chronic superficial gastritis,an early stage of stomach disorders.The diagnosis of AIG versus non-AIG heavily relies on gastroscopy,a procedure known for its risks and inconvenience.Therefore,identifying biomarkers that can distinguish between AIG and non-AIG is crucial.However,there are currently no reports on small-molecule biomarkers for distinguishing between AIG and non-AIG.In this study,we investigated the serum metabolomics of AIG and non-AIG patients using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UHPLC/MS),and compared their metabolic profile differences.In total 46 differential metabolites were identified,and three of which(L-glutamic acid,anthranilate,and deoxyadenosine)were linked to the regulation of gastric biosynthetic genes.
基金Supported by the Key R&D Program of Zhejiang,No.2023C03066and National natural science foundation of China,No.82471148.
文摘BACKGROUND Tracheoesophageal fistula(TEF)is a life-threatening complication of advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).Cervical ESCC is rare and frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage.Managing cervical esophageal cancer(CEC)is challenging,requiring intervention by a multidisciplinary team(MDT)and innovative surgical management.CASE SUMMARY Here,we present a 59-year-old male patient with a 5-month history of CEC and difficulty eating for over 20 days,who developed TEF secondary to recurrent ESCC after chemoradiotherapy.He underwent total pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy,left thyroidectomy,and lymphadenectomy.Gastric pull-up was performed to restore gastrointestinal continuity,and a 7 cm×5 cm supraclavicular artery island flap(SCAIF)was used to reconstruct the lower tracheal defect.Despite severe postoperative complications,he recovered by successful management by a MDT.A 7 cm×6 cm pectoralis major myocutaneous flap was successfully used to repair the necrotic gastric conduit defect.The patient recovered,regaining the ability to eat and breathe effectively.At the 27-month follow-up,he was alive without recurrence or metastasis.CONCLUSION This study highlights the efficacy of gastric pull-up and SCAIF reconstruction in managing TEF secondary to recurrent ESCC.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFA1600900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U22A20174,52071207,51971137,11875192,and U1930101)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(China,Grant No.22ZR1432800).
文摘Neutron shielding materials face imbalanced behaviors among shielding,strength,and ductility properties.Based on the requirement of the high property shielding particles,a superior semi-coherentτ(Al4 MgGd)phase was designed and predicted by cluster expansion(CE)method using density functional theory calculations.To realize its shielding property,the Powder Metallurgy-based routines(i.e.,powder fabrication,spark plasma sintering,and hot extrusion techniques)are used to fabricate 6TiB_(2)/Al-6Mg-5Gd(wt.%)composite with dispersed refinedτphases and homogenized TiB_(2) distribution.The atomic structure of ternary phase τ is examined by aberration-corrected high-angle annual dark-field(HAADF)scanning transmission electron microscope(STEM)and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDXS)STEM experiments,which is well complied with the calculated compound(Al_(4)MgGd).In detail,theτ(Al_(4)MgGd)phase has a semi-coherent interface both with α-Al and TiB_(2),which is consistent with the prediction of interface relationships.With the optimized interfaces,the TiB_(2) and τ phases can effectively promote recrystallization and suppress grain growth,leading to the formation of ultra-fine grain structure.Then,the composite exhibits advanced shielding properties(Macroscopic transmission cross section ~24.1/cm,higher than 30%B_(4) C/Al)and optimized synergic mechanical properties(Ultimate tensile strength ~506 MPa,elongation ~12.9%),which are far higher than available Al-based neutron shielding materials.Finally,the underlying strength-ductility mechanisms are discussed.Critically,the design and optimization of shielding particle interfaces are reliable strategies for developing novel structural-functional integrated materials.
文摘A thoroughly mechanistic understanding of the electrochemical CO reduction reaction(eCORR)at the interface is significant for guiding the design of high-performance electrocatalysts.However,unintentionally ignored factors or unreasonable settings during mechanism simulations will result in false positive results between theory and experiment.Herein,we computationally identified the dynamic site preference change of CO adsorption with potentials on Cu(100),which was a previously unnoticed factor but significant to potential-dependent mechanistic studies.Combined with the different lateral interactions among adsorbates,we proposed a new C–C coupling mechanism on Cu(100),better explaining the product distribution at different potentials in experimental eCORR.At low potentials(from–0.4 to–0.6 V_(RHE)),the CO forms dominant adsorption on the bridge site,which couples with another attractively aggregated CO to form a C–C bond.At medium potentials(from–0.6 to–0.8 VRHE),the hollow-bound CO becomes dominant but tends to isolate with another adsorbate due to the repulsion,thereby blocking the coupling process.At high potentials(above–0.8 VRHE),the CHO intermediate is produced from the electroreduction of hollow-CO and favors the attraction with another bridge-CO to trigger C–C coupling,making CHO the major common intermediate for C–C bond formation and methane production.We anticipate that our computationally identified dynamic change in site preference of adsorbates with potentials will bring new opportunities for a better understanding of the potential-dependent electrochemical processes.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52275567)the Key Research and Development Program of Shanxi Province,China(Grant No.202202050201020)+3 种基金the Doctoral Starting-up Foundation of Taiyuan University of Science and Technology(Grant No.20192016)the Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council(Grant No.2017-085)the Graduate Education and Teaching Reform Project of Shanxi Province,China(Grant No.2023JG136)the Special Fund for Science and Technology Innovation Teams of Shanxi Province,China(Grant No.202304051001036)。
文摘This work investigated the microstructure,magnetic properties,and crystallization kinetics of the as-spun and annealed alloy ribbons of(Fe_(40-x)Co_xNi_(40)Si_(6.33)B_(12.66)Cu_1)_(0.97)Nb_(0.03),where x=0,6,7,8,9,prepared using the meltspinning method.The results show that adding a moderate amount of Co can improve the glass forming ability(GFA),the first peak crystallization temperature,and thermal stability of the as-spun alloy ribbons.With x=7,the two-stage crystallization temperature interval△Tx=90 exhibits optimal thermal stability,and the alloy annealed at 673 K for 10 minutes shows the favorable combined magnetic properties,with H_(c)=0.12 A/m,M_(s)=88.7 A·m^(2)/kg,andμ_(e)=13800.The magnetic domain results show that annealing removes numerous pinning points in the magnetic domains of the alloy ribbons,making the domain walls smoother and effectively reducing the pinning effect.
基金financially supported by the Collaborative Research Fund(C5018-20GF)of the Research Grant Council(RGC)of Hong Kong Special Administrative Regionthe Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission Grant(KCXST20221021111203007)。
文摘Pressure has been introduced into power systems owing to the intermittent and uncertain nature of renewable energy.As a result,energy resource aggregators are emerging in the electricity market to realize sustainable and economic advantages through distributed generation,energy storage,and demand response resources.However,resource aggregators face the challenge of dealing with the uncertainty of renewable energy generation and setting appropriate incentives to exploit substantial energy flexibility in the building sector.In this study,a risk-aware optimal dispatch strategy that integrates probabilistic renewable energy prediction and bi-level building flexibility engagements is proposed.A natural gradient boosting algorithm(NGBoost),which requires no prior knowledge of uncertain variables,was adopted to develop a probabilistic photovoltaic(PV)forecasting model.The lack of suitable flexibility incentives is addressed by a novel interactive flexibility engagement scheme that can take into account building users'willingness and optimize the building flexibility provision.The chance-constrained programming method was applied to manage the supply-demand balance of the resource aggregator and ensure risk-aware decision-making in power dispatch.The case study results show the strong economic and environmental performance of the proposed strategy.The proposed strategy leads to a win-win situation in which profit increases through a load reduction of 13% and a carbon emission reduction of 3% is achieved for different stakeholders,which also shows a trade-off between the economic benefits and the risk of supply shortage.
基金supported by the National Multidisciplinary Innovation Team of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZYYCXTD-D-202204)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M742627)+1 种基金Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20231928)Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine(CBCM2023201).
文摘Objective:Generative artificial intelligence(AI)technology,represented by large language models(LLMs),has gradually been developed for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM);however,challenges remain in effectively enhancing AI applications for TCM.Therefore,this study is the first systematic review to analyze LLMs in TCM retrospectively,focusing on and summarizing the evidence of their performance in generative tasks.Methods:We extensively searched electronic databases for articles published until June 2024 to identify publicly available studies on LLMs in TCM.Two investigators independently selected and extracted the related information and evaluation metrics.Based on the available data,this study used descriptive analysis for a comprehensive systematic review of LLM technology related to TCM.Results:Ten studies published between 2023 and 2024 met our eligibility criteria and were included in this review,including 40%LLMs in the TCM vertical domain,40%containing TCM data,and 20%honoring the TCM contribution,with a foundational model parameter range from 1.8 to 33 billion.All included studies used manual or automatic evaluation metrics to evaluate model performance and fully discussed the challenges and contributions through an overview of LLMs in TCM.Conclusions:LLMs have achieved significant advantages in TCM applications and can effectively address intelligent TCM tasks.Further in-depth development of LLMs is needed in various vertical TCM fields,including clinical and fundamental research.Focusing on the functional segmentation development direction of generative AI technologies in TCM application scenarios to meet the practical needs-oriented demands of TCM digitalization is essential.
文摘Gastric cancer(GC)is a highly prevalent and life-threatening malignant tumor worldwide,posing a serious threat to human health.Depression is also highly prevalent among patients with GC.A complex bidirectional relationship exists between the two.A total of 52 articles were included in this study to synthesize the evidence on the association between depression and the risk of GC as well as the prognosis of affected patients.The findings indicated that depression can activate the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis,promote the release of catecholamine neurotransmitters,and influence the proliferation,invasion,and metastasis of GC through signaling pathways such as theβ2-adrenergic receptor.Furthermore,the severity of depression is positively correlated with indicators of GC progression.At the same time,GC can induce or aggravate depression through psychological and cognitive factors,social environment interactions,and diverse pathophysiological mechanisms,including tumor biological characteristics,treatment-related damage,and metabolic disorders.These interactions form a vicious cycle.This minireview summarizes the existing evidence and provides a theoretical basis for clinical interventions aimed at improving treatment outcomes and quality of life in patients with GC.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52275567 and 52401242)Shanxi province key research and development program(No.202102050201006)+3 种基金the Funds for Local Scientific and Technological Development guided by the Central Government(No.YDZJSX2022A054)the Special Fund for Science and Technology Innovation Teams of Shanxi Province(No.202304051001036)Shanxi Province Basic Research Project(No.202403021221147)the Graduate Education Innovation Program Project of Taiyuan University of Science and Technology(No.BY2023001)
文摘Elemental modulation and heat treatment optimization have emerged as pivotal strategies for enhancing the soft magnetic properties of alloys.We thoroughly examine the impact of microalloyed Co on the amorphous formation ability,thermal stability,and soft magnetic properties of Fe_(80)Co_(x)Si_(7-x)B_(8)P_(4)Cu1(x=0,0.5,1,1.5,2)alloys.The influence of different annealing processes on these properties is analyzed through detailed insights into the evolution of nanocrystalline microstructure and magnetic domain behavior.Our findings indicate that Co addition facilitates the nucleation and growth of the a-Fe(Si,Co)phase while broadening the thermal processing window,thereby significantly improving the alloy’s soft magnetic properties.Notably,the alloy with x=1 undergoes a pre-annealing and reheating process to yield a finer,denser,and more uniform nanocrystalline structure(average grain size D=20.29 nm,grain density Nd=1.5×10^(23)m^(-3)).This refinement enables the formation of broad magnetic domains characterized by 180°domain walls,culminating in exceptional soft magnetic properties,including a high magnetic flux density(B_(s)=1.81 T),high effective permeability(μ_(e)=18,014),and low coercivity(H_(c)=5.57 A m^(-1)).Further,the pinning fields(Hp)for the x=1 alloy are notably low,ranging from15 to 20 A m^(-1),while the maximum effective permeability reaches 69,300.These exceptional properties are directly linked to the alloy’s minimized total free energy(E)and its highly homogeneous microstructure,which collectively suppress magnetic pinning effects.Such characteristics position the x=1 alloy as an exceptional candidate for high-sensitivity applications,particularly in sensor device systems functioning under mild magnetic fields and necessitating swift reaction.
基金the Department of Energy(DOE,Award Number:DE-FE0031997)for providing funds to support our research.
文摘Corn stover,an agricultural waste,was used to prepare nitrogen self-doped carbon quantum dots(CQDs)through a simple hydrothermal method with only water at near room temperature for the first time.The surface,electrochemical,and photovoltaic characteristics of CQDs doped TiO_(2)in dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs)were thoroughly and systematically examined.The average diameter of blue-fluorescence CQDs measured by a high-resolution transmission electron microscope(HR-TEM)was 4.63±0.87 nm,which consisted of polar functional groups.The highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)energy of the biomass-derived CQDs,determined by the cyclic voltammetry(CV)test,were,−5.48 eV and−3.89 eV,respectively.The negative shift of flat band potential(Vfb)in CQDs incorporated photoanode implies the fermi level shifted upward.Experimental results revealed that the improved performance of DSSCs was due to charge transport enhancement and separation,which resulted in the improved energy level configuration between TiO_(2),CQDs,and electrolytes.In this regard,the CQDs serve as a mediator that enables charge carrier transport without hindrance.In this study,CQDs added to TiO_(2)+N719,increased short circuit current density(JSC)and power conversion efficiency(PCE)value by∼26.00%(10.13 to 12.69 mA/cm^(2))and 27.20%(4.78%to 6.08%),respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52204393)the Ningbo International Science and Technology Cooperation Program,China(No.2023H004).
文摘The effects of direct aging(DA)on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TiB_(2)/AlSi7Mg alloys fabricated via laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)were systematically investigated.DA significantly improves strength while maintaining satisfactory ductility.Optimal performance is obtained through under-aging(UA)at 150℃ for 4 h,resulting in a yield strength of 361 MPa,tensile strength of 503 MPa,and elongation of 9.1%in the horizontal direction.DA does not substantially alter the grain size or cellular structure but pro-motes the formation of nanoprecipitates within theα-Al matrix.Specifically,UA induces dot-like and needle-like Si precipitates,whereas over-aging(OA)additionally generates short rod-likeβ'-Mg_(1.8)Si phases.The strengthening mechanism is attributed to the Hall-Petch ef-fect associated with grain and cell boundaries,and the Orowan mechanism induced by nanoprecipitates.Work-hardening behavior is gov-erned by interactions between dislocations and nanoprecipitates.The OA sample exhibits rapid saturation of work hardening due to a high initial hardening rate and dynamic recovery of dislocations,resulting in limited uniform elongation.In contrast,the UA sample demon-strates a more balanced work hardening response.These findings provide theoretical and experimental validation of DA as an effective post-processing approach aimed at enhancing the performance of LPBF Al-Si-Mg alloys in engineering applications.
基金supported in part by Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(No.5400-202319829A-4-1-KJ).
文摘The integration of large-scale-distributed new energy resources has led to heightened source‒load uncertainty.As energy prosumers,microgrids urgently require enhanced real-time regulation capabilities over controllable resources amid uncertain environments,rendering real-time and rapid decision-making a critical issue.This paper proposes a tailored twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient(TD3)reinforcement learning algorithm that explicitly accounts for source‒load uncertainty.First,following an expert experience-based methodology,Gaussian process regression was implemented using the radial basis function covariance with historical source and load data.The parameters were adaptively adjusted by maximum likelihood estimation to generate the expected curves of demand and wind‒solar power generation,along with their 95%confidence regions,which were treated as representative uncertainty scenarios.Second,the traditional scheduling model was transformed into a deep reinforcement learning(DRL)environment through a Markov process.To minimize the total operational cost of the microgrid,the tailored TD3 algorithm was applied to formulate rapid intraday scheduling decisions.Finally,simulations were conducted using real historical data from an actual region in Zhejiang province,China,to verify the efficacy of the proposed method.The results demonstrate the potential of the algorithm for achieving economic scheduling for microgrids.
