Silicon-air batteries(SABs),a new type of semiconductor air battery,have a high energy density.However,some side reactions in SABs cause Si anodes to be covered by a passivation layer to prevent continuous discharge,a...Silicon-air batteries(SABs),a new type of semiconductor air battery,have a high energy density.However,some side reactions in SABs cause Si anodes to be covered by a passivation layer to prevent continuous discharge,and the anode utilization rate is low.In this work,reduced graphene oxide(RGO)fabricated via high-temperature annealing or L-ascorbic acid(L.AA)reduction was first used to obtain Si nanowires/RGO-1000(Si NWs/RGO-1000)and Si nanowires/RGO-L.AA(Si NWs/RGO-L.AA)composite anodes for SABs.It was found that RGO suppressed the passivation and self-corrosion reactions and that SABs using Si NWs/RGO-L.AA as the anode can discharge for more than 700 h,breaking the previous performance of SABs,and that the specific capacity was increased by 90.8%compared to bare Si.This work provides a new solution for the design of high specific capacity SABs with nanostructures and anode protective layers.展开更多
AAV-PHP.eB is an artificial adeno-associated virus(AAV)that crosses the blood-brain barrier and targets neurons more efficiently than other AAVs when administered systematically.While AAV-PHP.eB has been used in vario...AAV-PHP.eB is an artificial adeno-associated virus(AAV)that crosses the blood-brain barrier and targets neurons more efficiently than other AAVs when administered systematically.While AAV-PHP.eB has been used in various disease models,its cellular tropism in cerebrovascular diseases remains unclear.In the present study,we aimed to elucidate the tropism of AAV-PHP.eB for different cell types in the brain in a mouse model of ischemic stroke and evaluate its effectiveness in mediating basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)gene therapy.Mice were injected intravenously with AAV-PHP.eB either 14 days prior to(pre-stroke)or 1 day following(post-stroke)transient middle cerebral artery occlusion.Notably,we observed a shift in tropism from neurons to endothelial cells with post-stroke administration of AAV-PHP.eB-mNeonGreen(mNG).This endothelial cell tropism correlated strongly with expression of the endothelial membrane receptor lymphocyte antigen 6 family member A(Ly6A).Furthermore,AAV-PHP.eB-mediated overexpression of bFGF markedly improved neurobehavioral outcomes and promoted long-term neurogenesis and angiogenesis post-ischemic stroke.Our findings underscore the significance of considering potential tropism shifts when utilizing AAV-PHP.eB-mediated gene therapy in neurological diseases and suggest a promising new strategy for bFGF gene therapy in stroke treatment.展开更多
Macrophages in the brain barrier system include microglia in the brain parenchyma,border-associated macrophages at the brain’s borders,and recruited macrophages.They are responsible for neural development,maintenance...Macrophages in the brain barrier system include microglia in the brain parenchyma,border-associated macrophages at the brain’s borders,and recruited macrophages.They are responsible for neural development,maintenance of homeostasis,and orchestrating immune responses.With the rapid exploitation and development of new technologies,there is a deeper understanding of macrophages in the brain barrier system.Here we review the origin,development,important molecules,and functions of macrophages,mainly focusing on microglia and border-associated macrophages.We also highlight some advances in single-cell sequencing and significant cell markers.We anticipate that more advanced methods will emerge to study resident and recruited macrophages in the future,opening new horizons for neuroimmunology and related peripheral immune fields.展开更多
The accumulation of deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)oxidative damage mediated by reactive oxygen species(ROS)is closely associated with liver diseases.8-Oxoguanine(8-OxoG),a prevalent DNA oxidation product,plays a significa...The accumulation of deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)oxidative damage mediated by reactive oxygen species(ROS)is closely associated with liver diseases.8-Oxoguanine(8-OxoG),a prevalent DNA oxidation product,plays a significant role in liver disease progression.The base excision repair(BER)pathway,comprising over 30 proteins including 8-OxoG DNA glycosylase1(OGG1),MutY homolog(MUTYH),and MutT homolog protein 1(MTH1),is responsible for the clearance and mismatch repair of 8-OxoG.Abnormally high levels of 8-OxoG and dysregulated expression and function of 8-OxoG repair enzymes contribute to the onset and development of liver diseases.Consequently,targeting the 8-OxoG production and repair system with agonists or inhibitors may offer a promising approach to liver disease treatment.This review summarizes the impact of 8-OxoG accumulation and dysregulated repair enzymes on various liver diseases,including viral liver disease,alcoholic liver disease(ALD),metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),cholestatic liver disease(CLD),liver fibrosis,cirrhosis,and liver cancer.Additionally,we review natural constituents as potential therapeutic agents that regulate 8-OxoG production,repair enzymes,and repair system-related signal pathways in oxidative damage-induced liver diseases.展开更多
Silicon-air(Si-air)batteries have received significant attention owing to their high theoretical energy density and safety profile.However,the actual energy density of the Si-air battery remains significantly lower th...Silicon-air(Si-air)batteries have received significant attention owing to their high theoretical energy density and safety profile.However,the actual energy density of the Si-air battery remains significantly lower than the theoretical value,primarily due to corrosion issues and passivation.This study used various metal-organic framework(MOF)materials,such as MIL-53(Al),MIL-88(Fe),and MIL-101(Cr),to modify Si anodes.The MOFs were fabricated to have different morphologies,particle sizes,and pore sizes by altering their central metal nodes and ligands.This approach aimed to modulate the adsorption behavior of H_(2)O,SiO_(2),and OH^(−),thereby mitigating corrosion and passivation reactions.Under a constant current of 150μA,Si-air batteries with MIL-53(Al)@Si,MIL-88(Fe)@Si,and MIL-101(Cr)@Si as anodes demonstrated lifetimes of 293,412,and 336 h,respectively,surpassing the 276 h observed with pristine silicon anodes.Among these composite anodes,MIL-88(Fe)@Si displayed the best performance due to its superior hydrophobicity and optimal pore size,which enhance OH^(−)migration.This study offers a promising strategy for enhancing Si-air battery performance by developing an anodic protective layer with selective screening properties.展开更多
Intercalation of rare-earth(RE)into Pt offers an option to optimize the electronic structure of Pt-based catalysts by interaction effect,in which the synergistic catalytic sites are of great significance,yet the under...Intercalation of rare-earth(RE)into Pt offers an option to optimize the electronic structure of Pt-based catalysts by interaction effect,in which the synergistic catalytic sites are of great significance,yet the underpinning mechanism remains elusive.Herein,the introduction of silanol nests enables the alloy formation on the SiO_(2)surface.The amination modification is disclosed to induce the electron transfer from RE to Pt and weaken the adsorption of CO on electron-rich Pt species.In situ/operando spectroscopic analyses in conjunction with density functional theory calculations demonstrate the electronic couple of Pt atoms and adjacent Ce atoms concurrently achieves the enhancement of CO oxidation and suppression of H_(2)oxidation.Additionally,CO_(2)is readily desorbed from the Pt_(5)Ce(111)surface to enhance intrinsic activity and longevity.These findings provide an atomic-level insight into the synergistic catalytic sites on regulating the electronic state of the Pt-RE alloy catalysts toward highly selective oxidation reactions.展开更多
In recent years, circulating fluidized bed combustion fly ash （CFA） is used as a raw material for geopolymer synthesis. Hydrogen peroxide was employed as a foaming agent to prepare CFA-based foam geopolymer. The par...In recent years, circulating fluidized bed combustion fly ash （CFA） is used as a raw material for geopolymer synthesis. Hydrogen peroxide was employed as a foaming agent to prepare CFA-based foam geopolymer. The particle distribution, mineral composition, and chemical composition of CFA were examined firstly. Geopolymerization products were characterized by mechanical testing, scanning elec- tron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and X-ray fluorescence （XRF）. The CFA-based foam geopolymer was successfully fabri- cated with different contents of hydrogen peroxide and exhibited uncompleted alkali reaction and reasonable strength with relative low atomic ratios of Si/Al and Si/Na. Type-C CFA in this research could be recycled as an akernative source material for geopolymer production.展开更多
Geopolymers are three-dimensional aluminosilicates formed in a short time at low temperature by geopolymerization. In this pa-per, alkali-activated foam geopolymers were fabricated from circulating fluidized bed fly a...Geopolymers are three-dimensional aluminosilicates formed in a short time at low temperature by geopolymerization. In this pa-per, alkali-activated foam geopolymers were fabricated from circulating fluidized bed fly ash （CFA）, and the effect of SiO2/Na2O mole ratio （0.91-1.68） on their properties was studied. Geopolymerization products were characterized by mechanical testing, scanning electron mi-croscopy （SEM）, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX）, and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The results show that SiO2/Na2O mole ratio plays an important role in the mechanical and morphological characteristics of geopolymers. Foam samples prepared in 28 d with a SiO2/Na2O mole ratio of 1.42 exhibit the greatest compressive strength of 2.52 MPa. Morphological analysis reveals that these foam geo-polymers appear the relatively optimized pore structure and distribution, which are beneficial to the structure stability. Moreover, a combina-tion of the Si/Al atomic ratio ranging between 1.47 and 1.94 with the Na/Al atomic ratio of about 1 produces the samples with high strength.展开更多
In order to enhance grain sampling efficiency, in this work a truss type multi-rod grain sampling machine is designed and tested. The sampling machine primarily consists of truss support mechanism, main carriage mecha...In order to enhance grain sampling efficiency, in this work a truss type multi-rod grain sampling machine is designed and tested. The sampling machine primarily consists of truss support mechanism, main carriage mechanism, auxiliary carriage mechanism, sampling rods, and a PLC controller. The movement of the main carriage on the truss, the auxiliary carriage on the main carriage, and the vertical movement of the sampling rods on the auxiliary carriage are controlled through PLC programming. The sampling machine accurately controls the position of the sampling rods, enabling random sampling with six rods to ensure comprehensive and random sampling. Additionally, sampling experiments were conducted, and the results showed that the multi-rod grain sampling machine simultaneously samples with six rods, achieving a sampling frequency of 38 times per hour. The round trip time for the sampling rods is 33 seconds per cycle, and the sampling length direction reaches 18 m. This study provides valuable insights for the design of multi-rod grain sampling machines.展开更多
Eight summer maize varieties were evaluated in Funan County,Anhui Province,for yield and grain quality under mechanical grain harvest conditions in2019 growth season.ZY432,LY35 and JNK728 had higher grain yield potent...Eight summer maize varieties were evaluated in Funan County,Anhui Province,for yield and grain quality under mechanical grain harvest conditions in2019 growth season.ZY432,LY35 and JNK728 had higher grain yield potentials than FDC10,LX98,LD575,YD9953 and TT619.Postponed harvest from 28th Sept.to 11 thOct.was positively linked to the grain yield at roughly 1% of daily yield increase.Early harvest gave higher grain water content which was positively related to the percentage of broken grain as y=0.422 x-2.984(R^2=0.445),and to the percentage of foreign substance as y=0.248 x-3.245(R2=0.698).The relationship between grain water content and the rate of grain loss was negative as y=-0.052x+2.450(R^2=0.089).There was about 0.89% of grain water content decrease daily between harvests from 28^th Sept.to 4^th Oct.,and then was a‘slow-down’rate of dehydration.Grain weight was increasing for each variety when the harvest was postponed.JNK728 had the highest hundred-grain weight(HGW) and YD9953 had the lowest HGW.To make the mechanical grain harvest of summer maize feasible and acceptable,farmers need to pay attention to the adoption of proper varieties,following the suitable cultivation procedure and the improvement of mechanical facilities and operation.展开更多
Metal batteries have attracted considerable attention from researchers because of their low reduction voltage and high specific capacity.However,the reduction in the capacity and lifespan of batteries caused by the de...Metal batteries have attracted considerable attention from researchers because of their low reduction voltage and high specific capacity.However,the reduction in the capacity and lifespan of batteries caused by the dendrite growth of metal anode limits the development of metal batteries.Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can be used to protect metal anodes owing to their advantages of ideal specific surface area,tunable porosity,and physiochemical stability in electrolytes.Therefore,MOFs have been extensively investigated in metal batteries.The introduction of MOFs to the metal anode interface can greatly improve the performance of batteries.In this review,the synthesis methods of typical MOFs and their derivatives,their protective mechanism on the metal anode,including Li,Na,K,Zn,and Mg,and their effects on the performance of metal batteries were elucidated.This review would help to design and apply MOFs to the anode interface in metal batteries.展开更多
Germanium(Ge)–air batteries have gained significant attention from researchers owing to their high power density and excellent safety.However,self-corrosion and surface passivation issues of Ge anode limit the develo...Germanium(Ge)–air batteries have gained significant attention from researchers owing to their high power density and excellent safety.However,self-corrosion and surface passivation issues of Ge anode limit the development of high-performance Ge–air batteries.In this study,conductive metal-organic framework(MOF)Ni_(3)(HITP)_(2) material was synthesized by the gas–liquid interface approach.The Ni_(3)(HITP)_(2) material was deposited on the surface of the Ge anode to prevent corrosion and passivation reactions inside the battery.At 16℃,the discharge time of Ge anodes protected with MOFs was extended to 59 h at 195μA cm−2,which was twice that of bare Ge anodes.The positive effect of MOFs on Ge–air batteries at high temperatures was observed for the first time.The Ge@Ni_(3)(HITP)_(2) anodes discharged over 600 h at 65.0μA cm^(−2).The experimental results confirmed that the two-dimensional conductive MOF material effectively suppressed the self-corrosion and passivation on Ge anodes.This work provides new ideas for improving the performance of batteries in extreme environments and a new strategy for anode protection in air batteries.展开更多
Chemical control of wheat Fusarium head blight(FHB) is emphasized when the genetic resistance in cultivars is insufficient in preventing the crop from disease damage or the crop is under high FHB epidemic pressure. Co...Chemical control of wheat Fusarium head blight(FHB) is emphasized when the genetic resistance in cultivars is insufficient in preventing the crop from disease damage or the crop is under high FHB epidemic pressure. Considering the accumulating resistance to carbendazim in FHB pathogens due to its repeatedly use, alternative fungicides with higher efficacy and safety need to be selected and recommended. In this study, ten fungicides were screened for their efficiencies of controlling FHB on winter wheat in Anhui Province, during 2015-2016 growing season. Fusarium infection, demonstrated both as disease incidence and severity, was positively correlated to the Fusarium-damaged kernels(FDKs) and deoxynivalenol(DON) content in the harvested grains and negatively correlated to the grain yield. Fungicides containing tebuconazole, e.g. phenamacril+tebuconazole, tebuconazole+thiram, prothioconazole+tebuconazole, and thiophanate-methyl+tebuconazole all showed control effects on FHB,especially when those fungicides were sprayed onto the spikes at early anthesis and then a second spray one week later.Phenamacril, though gave no obvious effects on decreasing FHB incidence and severity, performed equally in decreasing the FDKs and DON content to tebuconazole. Those fungicides could be recommended to control wheat FHB, and better to be used alternately in the purpose of avoiding accumulating resistance in the causal pathogens. Biocontrol agent validamycin A +Bacillus cereus endospores also achieved acceptable control efficiency, especially under situations that environmental and food-safety issues were concerned. Difenoconazole +polyoxin B and tetramycin failed to show any advantages in controlling the infection of FHB pathogens.展开更多
Dear Editor,Here,we report the risk factors for severe hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD)determined by our case-controlstudy.Our findings could help disease prevention and in-tervention initiatives.Patients with severe HFM...Dear Editor,Here,we report the risk factors for severe hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD)determined by our case-controlstudy.Our findings could help disease prevention and in-tervention initiatives.Patients with severe HFMD displayfatal clinical manifestations with sequelae,requiring≥7days of hospitalization.A tota1 of 249 severe cases treat-ed at Yuxi Children’s Hospital were included in the展开更多
Blood-brain barrier(BBB)disruption underlies the vasogenic edema and neuronal cell death induced by acute ischemic stroke.Reducing this disruption has therapeutic potential.Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation ...Blood-brain barrier(BBB)disruption underlies the vasogenic edema and neuronal cell death induced by acute ischemic stroke.Reducing this disruption has therapeutic potential.Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation has shown neuromodulatory and neuroprotective effects in various brain diseases including ischemic stroke.Ultrasound stimulation can reduce inflammation and promote angiogenesis and neural circuit remodeling.However,its effect on the BBB in the acute phase of ischemic stroke is unknown.In this study of mice subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion for 90 minutes,low-intensity low-frequency(0.5 MHz)transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation was applied 2,4,and 8 hours after occlusion.Ultrasound stimulation reduced edema volume,improved neurobehavioral outcomes,improved BBB integrity(enhanced tight junction protein ZO-1 expression and reduced IgG leakage),and reduced secretion of the inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-αand activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the ischemic brain.Our results show that low-intensity ultrasound stimulation attenuated BBB disruption and edema formation,which suggests it may have therapeutic use in ischemic brain disease as a protector of BBB integrity.展开更多
Stabilizing anode for oxygen evolution(OER)in chlorine-containing electrolytes is a significant challenge.Adding corrosion inhibitors in electrolytes can alleviate this problem,but the type and dosage of cor-rosion in...Stabilizing anode for oxygen evolution(OER)in chlorine-containing electrolytes is a significant challenge.Adding corrosion inhibitors in electrolytes can alleviate this problem,but the type and dosage of cor-rosion inhibitors need a lot of exploration,and side reactions may occur to reduce current efficiency.Herein,we prepared a FeCoNiMnMo High entropy alloy(HEA)electrode for OER in simulated seawa-ter without corrosion inhibitors.It exhibits great electrocatalytic activity(overpotential(η)=237 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2))and excellent stability(200 h at 100 mA cm^(-2)).Experiments and Density Functional The-ory(DFT)calculation show that the protective layer containing K_(2)MoO_(4)is the crucial factor for chlorine resistance of FeCoNiMnMo electrode.The tightly adsorbed state of Cl-and K_(2)MoO_(4)ensures that other oxides are not corroded.And the externally added K_(2)MoO_(4)cannot protect the electrode.In addition,the high-entropy effect of HEA reduces the dissolution of the alloy.This work provides an efficient way to prepare a noble-free HEA catalyst that can stabilize oxygen evolution in corrosive electrolytes.展开更多
Zn-Mn-Cu/SC（U） sorbent was hydrothermally synthesized by ultrasound-assisted high-pressure impregnation method with semi-coke（SC）as support and the mixed solution of zinc nitrate,manganese nitrate and copper nitra...Zn-Mn-Cu/SC（U） sorbent was hydrothermally synthesized by ultrasound-assisted high-pressure impregnation method with semi-coke（SC）as support and the mixed solution of zinc nitrate,manganese nitrate and copper nitrate as active component precursors.The desulfurization performances of hot coal gas on the prepared sorbent at a mid-temperature of 500°C were tested in fixed-bed reactor.Morphology and pore structure of the prepared sorbent were also characterized by TEM,N2adsorption/desorption isotherms and XRD.For comparison,the sorbent of Zn-Mn-Cu/SC prepared by conventional high-pressure impregnation was also evaluated and characterized in order to study the effects of ultrasound treatment.Zn-Mn-Cu/SC（U） sorbent prepared by high-pressure impregnation under ultrasound-assisted condition showed a better desulfurization performance than Zn-Mn-Cu/SC.It could remove H2 S from 1000×10-6m3/m3 to 0.1×10-6m3/m3 at 500°C and maintained for 12.5 h with the sulfur capacity of 7.74%,in which both the breakthrough time and sulfur capacity were about 32% and 51% higher than those of Zn-Mn-Cu/SC sorbent.The introduction of ultrasound during high-pressure impregnation process greatly improved the morphology and pore structure of the sorbent.The ultrasonic treatment made particle size of active components smaller and made them more evenly disperse on semi-coke support,which provided more opportunities to contact with H2S in coal-based gases.However,there were no any difference in compositions and existing forms of active components on the Zn-Mn-Cu/SC and Zn-Mn-Cu/SC（U） sorbents.展开更多
Residual thermal stress in the system is a serious problem that affects the application of tritium permeation barrier coatings in fusion reactors. The stress not only determines the adhesion between coating and substr...Residual thermal stress in the system is a serious problem that affects the application of tritium permeation barrier coatings in fusion reactors. The stress not only determines the adhesion between coating and substrate, but also changes the properties of the material. In this study,finite element analysis was used to investigate the relationship between the residual thermal stress and the mechanical properties of Al_2O_3 tritium penetration barrier systems. Moreover, the residual thermal stress influenced by factors such as different substrates, temperature, and substrate roughness was also analyzed. The calculation showed that the hardness and elastic modulus increased with increasing compressive stress. However, the hardness and elastic modulus decreased with increasing tensile stress. The systems composed of Al_2O_3 coatings and different substrates exhibited different trends in mechanical properties. As the temperature increased, the hardness and the elastic modulus increased in an Al_2O_3/316 L stainless steel system; the trend was opposite in an Al_2O_3/Si system.Apart from this, the roughness of the substrate surface in the system could magnify the change in hardness and elastic modulus of the coating. Results showed that all these factors led to variation in the mechanical properties of Al_2O_3 tritium permeation barrier systems. Thus, thedetailed reasons for the changes in mechanical properties of these materials need to be analyzed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61904073)Spring City Plan-Special Program for Young Talents(No.K202005007)+4 种基金Yunnan Talents Support Plan for Yong Talents(No.XDYC-QNRC-20220482)Yunnan Local Colleges Applied Basic Research Projects(No.202101BA070001-138)Scientific Research Fund of Yunnan Education Department(No.2023Y0883)Frontier Research Team of Kunming University 2023Key Laboratory of Artificial Microstructures in Yunnan Higher Education。
文摘Silicon-air batteries(SABs),a new type of semiconductor air battery,have a high energy density.However,some side reactions in SABs cause Si anodes to be covered by a passivation layer to prevent continuous discharge,and the anode utilization rate is low.In this work,reduced graphene oxide(RGO)fabricated via high-temperature annealing or L-ascorbic acid(L.AA)reduction was first used to obtain Si nanowires/RGO-1000(Si NWs/RGO-1000)and Si nanowires/RGO-L.AA(Si NWs/RGO-L.AA)composite anodes for SABs.It was found that RGO suppressed the passivation and self-corrosion reactions and that SABs using Si NWs/RGO-L.AA as the anode can discharge for more than 700 h,breaking the previous performance of SABs,and that the specific capacity was increased by 90.8%compared to bare Si.This work provides a new solution for the design of high specific capacity SABs with nanostructures and anode protective layers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81870921(to YW),81974179(to ZZ),82271320(to ZZ),82071284(to YT)National Key R&D Program of China,No.2022YFA1603600(to ZZ),2019YFA0112000(to YT)+1 种基金Scientific Research and Innovation Program of Shanghai Education Commission,No.2019-01-07-00-02-E00064(to GYY)Scientific and Technological Innovation Act Program of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission,No.20JC1411900(to GYY).
文摘AAV-PHP.eB is an artificial adeno-associated virus(AAV)that crosses the blood-brain barrier and targets neurons more efficiently than other AAVs when administered systematically.While AAV-PHP.eB has been used in various disease models,its cellular tropism in cerebrovascular diseases remains unclear.In the present study,we aimed to elucidate the tropism of AAV-PHP.eB for different cell types in the brain in a mouse model of ischemic stroke and evaluate its effectiveness in mediating basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)gene therapy.Mice were injected intravenously with AAV-PHP.eB either 14 days prior to(pre-stroke)or 1 day following(post-stroke)transient middle cerebral artery occlusion.Notably,we observed a shift in tropism from neurons to endothelial cells with post-stroke administration of AAV-PHP.eB-mNeonGreen(mNG).This endothelial cell tropism correlated strongly with expression of the endothelial membrane receptor lymphocyte antigen 6 family member A(Ly6A).Furthermore,AAV-PHP.eB-mediated overexpression of bFGF markedly improved neurobehavioral outcomes and promoted long-term neurogenesis and angiogenesis post-ischemic stroke.Our findings underscore the significance of considering potential tropism shifts when utilizing AAV-PHP.eB-mediated gene therapy in neurological diseases and suggest a promising new strategy for bFGF gene therapy in stroke treatment.
基金supported by Ministry of Science and Technology China Brain Initiative Grant,No.2022ZD0204702(to ZY)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82371357(to LC)+2 种基金Foundation for Military Medicine,No.16QNP085(to ZY)Navy Medical University Basic Medical College“Yi Zhang”Basic Medical Talent Development and Support Program,Nos.JCYZRC-D-022(to TC)and JCYZRC-D-024(to HD)Science and Technology Innovation Special Fund of Shanghai Baoshan District,No.2023-E-05(to YW).
文摘Macrophages in the brain barrier system include microglia in the brain parenchyma,border-associated macrophages at the brain’s borders,and recruited macrophages.They are responsible for neural development,maintenance of homeostasis,and orchestrating immune responses.With the rapid exploitation and development of new technologies,there is a deeper understanding of macrophages in the brain barrier system.Here we review the origin,development,important molecules,and functions of macrophages,mainly focusing on microglia and border-associated macrophages.We also highlight some advances in single-cell sequencing and significant cell markers.We anticipate that more advanced methods will emerge to study resident and recruited macrophages in the future,opening new horizons for neuroimmunology and related peripheral immune fields.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFD1601400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82373912 and 82074068)+1 种基金Jiangsu Outstanding Youth Fund Project(No.BK20231535)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2632022YC04).
文摘The accumulation of deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)oxidative damage mediated by reactive oxygen species(ROS)is closely associated with liver diseases.8-Oxoguanine(8-OxoG),a prevalent DNA oxidation product,plays a significant role in liver disease progression.The base excision repair(BER)pathway,comprising over 30 proteins including 8-OxoG DNA glycosylase1(OGG1),MutY homolog(MUTYH),and MutT homolog protein 1(MTH1),is responsible for the clearance and mismatch repair of 8-OxoG.Abnormally high levels of 8-OxoG and dysregulated expression and function of 8-OxoG repair enzymes contribute to the onset and development of liver diseases.Consequently,targeting the 8-OxoG production and repair system with agonists or inhibitors may offer a promising approach to liver disease treatment.This review summarizes the impact of 8-OxoG accumulation and dysregulated repair enzymes on various liver diseases,including viral liver disease,alcoholic liver disease(ALD),metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),cholestatic liver disease(CLD),liver fibrosis,cirrhosis,and liver cancer.Additionally,we review natural constituents as potential therapeutic agents that regulate 8-OxoG production,repair enzymes,and repair system-related signal pathways in oxidative damage-induced liver diseases.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62464010)Spring City Plan-Special Program for Young Talents (K202005007)+3 种基金the Yunnan Talents Support Plan for Yong Talents (XDYC-QNRC-2022-0482)Yunnan Local Colleges Applied Basic Research Projects (202101BA070001-138)Key Laboratory of Artificial Microstructures in Yunnan Higher Educationthe Frontier Research Team of Kunming University 2023
文摘Silicon-air(Si-air)batteries have received significant attention owing to their high theoretical energy density and safety profile.However,the actual energy density of the Si-air battery remains significantly lower than the theoretical value,primarily due to corrosion issues and passivation.This study used various metal-organic framework(MOF)materials,such as MIL-53(Al),MIL-88(Fe),and MIL-101(Cr),to modify Si anodes.The MOFs were fabricated to have different morphologies,particle sizes,and pore sizes by altering their central metal nodes and ligands.This approach aimed to modulate the adsorption behavior of H_(2)O,SiO_(2),and OH^(−),thereby mitigating corrosion and passivation reactions.Under a constant current of 150μA,Si-air batteries with MIL-53(Al)@Si,MIL-88(Fe)@Si,and MIL-101(Cr)@Si as anodes demonstrated lifetimes of 293,412,and 336 h,respectively,surpassing the 276 h observed with pristine silicon anodes.Among these composite anodes,MIL-88(Fe)@Si displayed the best performance due to its superior hydrophobicity and optimal pore size,which enhance OH^(−)migration.This study offers a promising strategy for enhancing Si-air battery performance by developing an anodic protective layer with selective screening properties.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22468034)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(2021MS02008 and 2022MS02011)the Key Research and Development Project of Ordos(YF20240062)。
文摘Intercalation of rare-earth(RE)into Pt offers an option to optimize the electronic structure of Pt-based catalysts by interaction effect,in which the synergistic catalytic sites are of great significance,yet the underpinning mechanism remains elusive.Herein,the introduction of silanol nests enables the alloy formation on the SiO_(2)surface.The amination modification is disclosed to induce the electron transfer from RE to Pt and weaken the adsorption of CO on electron-rich Pt species.In situ/operando spectroscopic analyses in conjunction with density functional theory calculations demonstrate the electronic couple of Pt atoms and adjacent Ce atoms concurrently achieves the enhancement of CO oxidation and suppression of H_(2)oxidation.Additionally,CO_(2)is readily desorbed from the Pt_(5)Ce(111)surface to enhance intrinsic activity and longevity.These findings provide an atomic-level insight into the synergistic catalytic sites on regulating the electronic state of the Pt-RE alloy catalysts toward highly selective oxidation reactions.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50872151)the National Key Technology Support Project(No.2009BAB48B02)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(Nos.2009KH09 and 2009QH02)the Specialized Research Fund for Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No.20120023110011)
文摘In recent years, circulating fluidized bed combustion fly ash （CFA） is used as a raw material for geopolymer synthesis. Hydrogen peroxide was employed as a foaming agent to prepare CFA-based foam geopolymer. The particle distribution, mineral composition, and chemical composition of CFA were examined firstly. Geopolymerization products were characterized by mechanical testing, scanning elec- tron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and X-ray fluorescence （XRF）. The CFA-based foam geopolymer was successfully fabri- cated with different contents of hydrogen peroxide and exhibited uncompleted alkali reaction and reasonable strength with relative low atomic ratios of Si/Al and Si/Na. Type-C CFA in this research could be recycled as an akernative source material for geopolymer production.
基金financially supported by the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No.20120023110011)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Nos.2009KH09 and 2009QH02)
文摘Geopolymers are three-dimensional aluminosilicates formed in a short time at low temperature by geopolymerization. In this pa-per, alkali-activated foam geopolymers were fabricated from circulating fluidized bed fly ash （CFA）, and the effect of SiO2/Na2O mole ratio （0.91-1.68） on their properties was studied. Geopolymerization products were characterized by mechanical testing, scanning electron mi-croscopy （SEM）, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX）, and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The results show that SiO2/Na2O mole ratio plays an important role in the mechanical and morphological characteristics of geopolymers. Foam samples prepared in 28 d with a SiO2/Na2O mole ratio of 1.42 exhibit the greatest compressive strength of 2.52 MPa. Morphological analysis reveals that these foam geo-polymers appear the relatively optimized pore structure and distribution, which are beneficial to the structure stability. Moreover, a combina-tion of the Si/Al atomic ratio ranging between 1.47 and 1.94 with the Na/Al atomic ratio of about 1 produces the samples with high strength.
文摘In order to enhance grain sampling efficiency, in this work a truss type multi-rod grain sampling machine is designed and tested. The sampling machine primarily consists of truss support mechanism, main carriage mechanism, auxiliary carriage mechanism, sampling rods, and a PLC controller. The movement of the main carriage on the truss, the auxiliary carriage on the main carriage, and the vertical movement of the sampling rods on the auxiliary carriage are controlled through PLC programming. The sampling machine accurately controls the position of the sampling rods, enabling random sampling with six rods to ensure comprehensive and random sampling. Additionally, sampling experiments were conducted, and the results showed that the multi-rod grain sampling machine simultaneously samples with six rods, achieving a sampling frequency of 38 times per hour. The round trip time for the sampling rods is 33 seconds per cycle, and the sampling length direction reaches 18 m. This study provides valuable insights for the design of multi-rod grain sampling machines.
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research of the Public Interest(201503112-12)。
文摘Eight summer maize varieties were evaluated in Funan County,Anhui Province,for yield and grain quality under mechanical grain harvest conditions in2019 growth season.ZY432,LY35 and JNK728 had higher grain yield potentials than FDC10,LX98,LD575,YD9953 and TT619.Postponed harvest from 28th Sept.to 11 thOct.was positively linked to the grain yield at roughly 1% of daily yield increase.Early harvest gave higher grain water content which was positively related to the percentage of broken grain as y=0.422 x-2.984(R^2=0.445),and to the percentage of foreign substance as y=0.248 x-3.245(R2=0.698).The relationship between grain water content and the rate of grain loss was negative as y=-0.052x+2.450(R^2=0.089).There was about 0.89% of grain water content decrease daily between harvests from 28^th Sept.to 4^th Oct.,and then was a‘slow-down’rate of dehydration.Grain weight was increasing for each variety when the harvest was postponed.JNK728 had the highest hundred-grain weight(HGW) and YD9953 had the lowest HGW.To make the mechanical grain harvest of summer maize feasible and acceptable,farmers need to pay attention to the adoption of proper varieties,following the suitable cultivation procedure and the improvement of mechanical facilities and operation.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61904073)Spring City Plan-Special Program for Young Talents (No.K202005007)+2 种基金Yunnan Local Colleges Applied Basic Research Projects (Nos.202101BA070001-138,2018FH001-016)Yunnan Talents Support Plan for Yong Talents (No.XDYC-QNRC-2022-0482)Frontier Research Team of Kunming University 2023,and Yunnan Provincial Education Department (Nos.2022Y732,2022Y739)。
文摘Metal batteries have attracted considerable attention from researchers because of their low reduction voltage and high specific capacity.However,the reduction in the capacity and lifespan of batteries caused by the dendrite growth of metal anode limits the development of metal batteries.Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can be used to protect metal anodes owing to their advantages of ideal specific surface area,tunable porosity,and physiochemical stability in electrolytes.Therefore,MOFs have been extensively investigated in metal batteries.The introduction of MOFs to the metal anode interface can greatly improve the performance of batteries.In this review,the synthesis methods of typical MOFs and their derivatives,their protective mechanism on the metal anode,including Li,Na,K,Zn,and Mg,and their effects on the performance of metal batteries were elucidated.This review would help to design and apply MOFs to the anode interface in metal batteries.
基金National Natural Science Foundation ofChina,Grant/ Award Number: 61904073Spring City Plan-Special Program forYoung Talents,Grant/A ward Number:K202005007+2 种基金Yunnan Talents SupportPlan for Yong Talents,Grant/Award Number: XDYC-QNRC-2022-0482Yunnan Local CollegesApplied Basic Research Projects,Grant/A ward Numbers:202101BA070001-138,2018FH001-016Frontier Research Team of KunmingUniversity 2023。
文摘Germanium(Ge)–air batteries have gained significant attention from researchers owing to their high power density and excellent safety.However,self-corrosion and surface passivation issues of Ge anode limit the development of high-performance Ge–air batteries.In this study,conductive metal-organic framework(MOF)Ni_(3)(HITP)_(2) material was synthesized by the gas–liquid interface approach.The Ni_(3)(HITP)_(2) material was deposited on the surface of the Ge anode to prevent corrosion and passivation reactions inside the battery.At 16℃,the discharge time of Ge anodes protected with MOFs was extended to 59 h at 195μA cm−2,which was twice that of bare Ge anodes.The positive effect of MOFs on Ge–air batteries at high temperatures was observed for the first time.The Ge@Ni_(3)(HITP)_(2) anodes discharged over 600 h at 65.0μA cm^(−2).The experimental results confirmed that the two-dimensional conductive MOF material effectively suppressed the self-corrosion and passivation on Ge anodes.This work provides new ideas for improving the performance of batteries in extreme environments and a new strategy for anode protection in air batteries.
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research of the Public Interest(201503112-12)
文摘Chemical control of wheat Fusarium head blight(FHB) is emphasized when the genetic resistance in cultivars is insufficient in preventing the crop from disease damage or the crop is under high FHB epidemic pressure. Considering the accumulating resistance to carbendazim in FHB pathogens due to its repeatedly use, alternative fungicides with higher efficacy and safety need to be selected and recommended. In this study, ten fungicides were screened for their efficiencies of controlling FHB on winter wheat in Anhui Province, during 2015-2016 growing season. Fusarium infection, demonstrated both as disease incidence and severity, was positively correlated to the Fusarium-damaged kernels(FDKs) and deoxynivalenol(DON) content in the harvested grains and negatively correlated to the grain yield. Fungicides containing tebuconazole, e.g. phenamacril+tebuconazole, tebuconazole+thiram, prothioconazole+tebuconazole, and thiophanate-methyl+tebuconazole all showed control effects on FHB,especially when those fungicides were sprayed onto the spikes at early anthesis and then a second spray one week later.Phenamacril, though gave no obvious effects on decreasing FHB incidence and severity, performed equally in decreasing the FDKs and DON content to tebuconazole. Those fungicides could be recommended to control wheat FHB, and better to be used alternately in the purpose of avoiding accumulating resistance in the causal pathogens. Biocontrol agent validamycin A +Bacillus cereus endospores also achieved acceptable control efficiency, especially under situations that environmental and food-safety issues were concerned. Difenoconazole +polyoxin B and tetramycin failed to show any advantages in controlling the infection of FHB pathogens.
文摘Dear Editor,Here,we report the risk factors for severe hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD)determined by our case-controlstudy.Our findings could help disease prevention and in-tervention initiatives.Patients with severe HFMD displayfatal clinical manifestations with sequelae,requiring≥7days of hospitalization.A tota1 of 249 severe cases treat-ed at Yuxi Children’s Hospital were included in the
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81802232(to JXW),81801170(to YHT),82071284(to YHT),2019YFA0112000(to YHT)the Scientific Research and Innovation Program of Shanghai Education Commission,No.2019-01-07-00-02-E00064(to GYY)+1 种基金Scientific and Technological Innovation Act Program of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission,No.20JC1411900(to GYY)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai,No.19441907900(to JFS).
文摘Blood-brain barrier(BBB)disruption underlies the vasogenic edema and neuronal cell death induced by acute ischemic stroke.Reducing this disruption has therapeutic potential.Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation has shown neuromodulatory and neuroprotective effects in various brain diseases including ischemic stroke.Ultrasound stimulation can reduce inflammation and promote angiogenesis and neural circuit remodeling.However,its effect on the BBB in the acute phase of ischemic stroke is unknown.In this study of mice subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion for 90 minutes,low-intensity low-frequency(0.5 MHz)transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation was applied 2,4,and 8 hours after occlusion.Ultrasound stimulation reduced edema volume,improved neurobehavioral outcomes,improved BBB integrity(enhanced tight junction protein ZO-1 expression and reduced IgG leakage),and reduced secretion of the inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-αand activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the ischemic brain.Our results show that low-intensity ultrasound stimulation attenuated BBB disruption and edema formation,which suggests it may have therapeutic use in ischemic brain disease as a protector of BBB integrity.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52031008,12102307,and 11872284).
文摘Stabilizing anode for oxygen evolution(OER)in chlorine-containing electrolytes is a significant challenge.Adding corrosion inhibitors in electrolytes can alleviate this problem,but the type and dosage of cor-rosion inhibitors need a lot of exploration,and side reactions may occur to reduce current efficiency.Herein,we prepared a FeCoNiMnMo High entropy alloy(HEA)electrode for OER in simulated seawa-ter without corrosion inhibitors.It exhibits great electrocatalytic activity(overpotential(η)=237 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2))and excellent stability(200 h at 100 mA cm^(-2)).Experiments and Density Functional The-ory(DFT)calculation show that the protective layer containing K_(2)MoO_(4)is the crucial factor for chlorine resistance of FeCoNiMnMo electrode.The tightly adsorbed state of Cl-and K_(2)MoO_(4)ensures that other oxides are not corroded.And the externally added K_(2)MoO_(4)cannot protect the electrode.In addition,the high-entropy effect of HEA reduces the dissolution of the alloy.This work provides an efficient way to prepare a noble-free HEA catalyst that can stabilize oxygen evolution in corrosive electrolytes.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2012CB723105)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(20976117)the Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi(2013JYT113)
文摘Zn-Mn-Cu/SC（U） sorbent was hydrothermally synthesized by ultrasound-assisted high-pressure impregnation method with semi-coke（SC）as support and the mixed solution of zinc nitrate,manganese nitrate and copper nitrate as active component precursors.The desulfurization performances of hot coal gas on the prepared sorbent at a mid-temperature of 500°C were tested in fixed-bed reactor.Morphology and pore structure of the prepared sorbent were also characterized by TEM,N2adsorption/desorption isotherms and XRD.For comparison,the sorbent of Zn-Mn-Cu/SC prepared by conventional high-pressure impregnation was also evaluated and characterized in order to study the effects of ultrasound treatment.Zn-Mn-Cu/SC（U） sorbent prepared by high-pressure impregnation under ultrasound-assisted condition showed a better desulfurization performance than Zn-Mn-Cu/SC.It could remove H2 S from 1000×10-6m3/m3 to 0.1×10-6m3/m3 at 500°C and maintained for 12.5 h with the sulfur capacity of 7.74%,in which both the breakthrough time and sulfur capacity were about 32% and 51% higher than those of Zn-Mn-Cu/SC sorbent.The introduction of ultrasound during high-pressure impregnation process greatly improved the morphology and pore structure of the sorbent.The ultrasonic treatment made particle size of active components smaller and made them more evenly disperse on semi-coke support,which provided more opportunities to contact with H2S in coal-based gases.However,there were no any difference in compositions and existing forms of active components on the Zn-Mn-Cu/SC and Zn-Mn-Cu/SC（U） sorbents.
文摘Residual thermal stress in the system is a serious problem that affects the application of tritium permeation barrier coatings in fusion reactors. The stress not only determines the adhesion between coating and substrate, but also changes the properties of the material. In this study,finite element analysis was used to investigate the relationship between the residual thermal stress and the mechanical properties of Al_2O_3 tritium penetration barrier systems. Moreover, the residual thermal stress influenced by factors such as different substrates, temperature, and substrate roughness was also analyzed. The calculation showed that the hardness and elastic modulus increased with increasing compressive stress. However, the hardness and elastic modulus decreased with increasing tensile stress. The systems composed of Al_2O_3 coatings and different substrates exhibited different trends in mechanical properties. As the temperature increased, the hardness and the elastic modulus increased in an Al_2O_3/316 L stainless steel system; the trend was opposite in an Al_2O_3/Si system.Apart from this, the roughness of the substrate surface in the system could magnify the change in hardness and elastic modulus of the coating. Results showed that all these factors led to variation in the mechanical properties of Al_2O_3 tritium permeation barrier systems. Thus, thedetailed reasons for the changes in mechanical properties of these materials need to be analyzed.
