Straw return is an effective way to improve crop grain yield and potassium(K)use efficiency by increasing soil K content.However,the effects of straw return on soil K supplying capacity,replacement of K fertilizer,and...Straw return is an effective way to improve crop grain yield and potassium(K)use efficiency by increasing soil K content.However,the effects of straw return on soil K supplying capacity,replacement of K fertilizer,and K-use efficiency under maize(Zea mays L.)–rice(Oryza sativa L.)cropping systems are little studied.A two-year field experiment was conducted to determine the physiological determinants of K-use efficiency under straw return with four K fertilization rates.Sr33(straw returned plus 33%of K fertilizer applied)and Sr67(straw returned plus 67%of K fertilizer applied)increased annual crop yields by 1.5%and 3.2%and increased agronomic K-use efficiency by respectively 2.9 and 1.3-fold on average in the two years,compared with the conventional practice S0K100(no straw returned plus normal amounts of K fertilizer applied).The Sr33 and Sr67 treatments resulted in significantly greater equilibrium K concentration ratios(CR0 K)and specifically exchangeable K(KX)values according to quantity/intensity(Q/I)relationship analyses,indicating improvement of the potential soil K supply capacity.However,the Sr67 better maintained the soil exchangeable K level and K balance.The results suggested that K released from maize and rice straw can replace about half of chemical K fertilizer,depending on the available K content in maize–rice cropping system production.展开更多
In November 2024,there was an unusual surge in human metapneumovirus(hMPV)infection cases in Beijing.We performed an epidemiological investigation among cases with acute respiratory tract infection(ARTI).We enrolled A...In November 2024,there was an unusual surge in human metapneumovirus(hMPV)infection cases in Beijing.We performed an epidemiological investigation among cases with acute respiratory tract infection(ARTI).We enrolled ARTI cases from 35 sentinel hospitals,collected samples and medical records,conducted comprehensive pathogen testing,sequenced target genes or whole genomes,and performed phylogenetic analysis.A total of 79,793 cases were included in this study from 2014 to 2024.The hMPV epidemic exhibited typical seasonality from December to April of the following year,with an overall positivity rate of hMPV of 1.6%.The positivity rate of hMPV was highest in the 0–4 year age group(3.4%)and remained relatively high(1.2%)among populations over 60 years of age.Genotypes A and B were cocirculated,with predominant genotypes alternating every two years.We identified two variants of A2c with 180 or 111 nucleotide duplications in the G gene since 2016,and the A2c_(111nt-dup)has been predominant(56.9%)over the parent A2c since 2018.HMPV infection experienced an unusual surge beginning in November 2024 and peaked in December(9.5%).Subgenotype B2(98.3%)returned to the predominant position instead of the A2c_(111nt-dup)and seemed to be associated with milder illness.Twenty hMPV isolates collected in 2024 were identified as known subgenotypes(A2c and B2)via whole-genome analyses.In conclusion,hMPV exhibited a typical seasonality in Beijing,with the predominant genotypes alternating every two years.Its unusual surge in November 2024 was attributed to the reoccurrence of hMPV B2 rather than a novel variant.展开更多
Dear Editor,Interleukin-25(IL-25,also called IL-17E)is an important IL-17 family member that helps initialize and regulate type 2 immunity,exerting an important influence on the pathogenesis of asthma(Corrigan et al.,...Dear Editor,Interleukin-25(IL-25,also called IL-17E)is an important IL-17 family member that helps initialize and regulate type 2 immunity,exerting an important influence on the pathogenesis of asthma(Corrigan et al.,2011;Barlow et al.,2012).Furthermore,it plays a vital role in initiating type 2 innate lymphoid cell activation and maintenance(Tong and Li,2018)and inducing Th2-type cytokine-mediated allergic airway eosinophilia(Morita et al.,2015).IL-25 expression increases in patients with asthma in different types of lung cells,including lung structural cells(such as endothelium and airway epithelium),eosinophils,T-cells,and mast cells.Following allergen exposure,cells in the bronchial submucosa increase and secrete or respond to IL-25(Corrigan et al.,2011).Plasma IL-25 levels increase in patients with asthma and correlate with lung function(Cheng et al.,2014).The association between IL-25 cells and pulmonary function indicates that IL-25 could be used to monitor asthma severity.In some mouse models,epithelial IL-25 cytokines are closely related with a range of airway inflammation modalities,including type 2 cytokine production,airway eosinophil inflammation,mucinous epithelial metaplasia,and airway hyperresponsiveness(AHR)(Suzukawa et al.,2012).展开更多
Dear Editor Coronavirus disease 19(COVID-19),caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),remains a pandemic.Cancer patients have a higher risk of poor outcomes for SARS-CoV-2 infection than t...Dear Editor Coronavirus disease 19(COVID-19),caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),remains a pandemic.Cancer patients have a higher risk of poor outcomes for SARS-CoV-2 infection than the general population[1].Vaccines were shown to effectively prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection,severe disease progression,and mortality.Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines(BBIBPCorV and CoronaVac)have been approved and widely used in China,with the former shown to be more effective than the latter[2].Hence,there is an urgent need to investigate the safety and humoral immune responses of inactivated vaccines in cancer patients.展开更多
基金supported by the Special Fund for Agroscientific Research in the Public Interest of China(201503122)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31571622)。
文摘Straw return is an effective way to improve crop grain yield and potassium(K)use efficiency by increasing soil K content.However,the effects of straw return on soil K supplying capacity,replacement of K fertilizer,and K-use efficiency under maize(Zea mays L.)–rice(Oryza sativa L.)cropping systems are little studied.A two-year field experiment was conducted to determine the physiological determinants of K-use efficiency under straw return with four K fertilization rates.Sr33(straw returned plus 33%of K fertilizer applied)and Sr67(straw returned plus 67%of K fertilizer applied)increased annual crop yields by 1.5%and 3.2%and increased agronomic K-use efficiency by respectively 2.9 and 1.3-fold on average in the two years,compared with the conventional practice S0K100(no straw returned plus normal amounts of K fertilizer applied).The Sr33 and Sr67 treatments resulted in significantly greater equilibrium K concentration ratios(CR0 K)and specifically exchangeable K(KX)values according to quantity/intensity(Q/I)relationship analyses,indicating improvement of the potential soil K supply capacity.However,the Sr67 better maintained the soil exchangeable K level and K balance.The results suggested that K released from maize and rice straw can replace about half of chemical K fertilizer,depending on the available K content in maize–rice cropping system production.
基金the Beijing Municipal Health Commission’s Funds for the High-qualified Public Health Professionals Development Project(Leading Professionals-01-10)Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research(2024-1G-3015)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L242051).
文摘In November 2024,there was an unusual surge in human metapneumovirus(hMPV)infection cases in Beijing.We performed an epidemiological investigation among cases with acute respiratory tract infection(ARTI).We enrolled ARTI cases from 35 sentinel hospitals,collected samples and medical records,conducted comprehensive pathogen testing,sequenced target genes or whole genomes,and performed phylogenetic analysis.A total of 79,793 cases were included in this study from 2014 to 2024.The hMPV epidemic exhibited typical seasonality from December to April of the following year,with an overall positivity rate of hMPV of 1.6%.The positivity rate of hMPV was highest in the 0–4 year age group(3.4%)and remained relatively high(1.2%)among populations over 60 years of age.Genotypes A and B were cocirculated,with predominant genotypes alternating every two years.We identified two variants of A2c with 180 or 111 nucleotide duplications in the G gene since 2016,and the A2c_(111nt-dup)has been predominant(56.9%)over the parent A2c since 2018.HMPV infection experienced an unusual surge beginning in November 2024 and peaked in December(9.5%).Subgenotype B2(98.3%)returned to the predominant position instead of the A2c_(111nt-dup)and seemed to be associated with milder illness.Twenty hMPV isolates collected in 2024 were identified as known subgenotypes(A2c and B2)via whole-genome analyses.In conclusion,hMPV exhibited a typical seasonality in Beijing,with the predominant genotypes alternating every two years.Its unusual surge in November 2024 was attributed to the reoccurrence of hMPV B2 rather than a novel variant.
基金supported by the Health and Family Planning Commission of Jinan Municipality (2018-1-32)Shandong Health and Family Planning Commission (2018WS489, 2018WS490)Jinan Science Technology Bureau (20180519)
文摘Dear Editor,Interleukin-25(IL-25,also called IL-17E)is an important IL-17 family member that helps initialize and regulate type 2 immunity,exerting an important influence on the pathogenesis of asthma(Corrigan et al.,2011;Barlow et al.,2012).Furthermore,it plays a vital role in initiating type 2 innate lymphoid cell activation and maintenance(Tong and Li,2018)and inducing Th2-type cytokine-mediated allergic airway eosinophilia(Morita et al.,2015).IL-25 expression increases in patients with asthma in different types of lung cells,including lung structural cells(such as endothelium and airway epithelium),eosinophils,T-cells,and mast cells.Following allergen exposure,cells in the bronchial submucosa increase and secrete or respond to IL-25(Corrigan et al.,2011).Plasma IL-25 levels increase in patients with asthma and correlate with lung function(Cheng et al.,2014).The association between IL-25 cells and pulmonary function indicates that IL-25 could be used to monitor asthma severity.In some mouse models,epithelial IL-25 cytokines are closely related with a range of airway inflammation modalities,including type 2 cytokine production,airway eosinophil inflammation,mucinous epithelial metaplasia,and airway hyperresponsiveness(AHR)(Suzukawa et al.,2012).
基金the Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and conformed with the ethical guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki(Ratification No.133/2022)Written informed consentwas obtained fromall the participants.This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov(NCT05043246).
文摘Dear Editor Coronavirus disease 19(COVID-19),caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),remains a pandemic.Cancer patients have a higher risk of poor outcomes for SARS-CoV-2 infection than the general population[1].Vaccines were shown to effectively prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection,severe disease progression,and mortality.Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines(BBIBPCorV and CoronaVac)have been approved and widely used in China,with the former shown to be more effective than the latter[2].Hence,there is an urgent need to investigate the safety and humoral immune responses of inactivated vaccines in cancer patients.
