Rural domestic sewage treatment is critical for environmental protection.This study defines the spatial pattern of villages from the perspective of rural sewage treatment and develops an integrated decision-making sys...Rural domestic sewage treatment is critical for environmental protection.This study defines the spatial pattern of villages from the perspective of rural sewage treatment and develops an integrated decision-making system to propose a sewage treatment mode and scheme suitable for local conditions.By considering the village spatial layout and terrain factors,a decision tree model of residential density and terrain type was constructed with accuracies of 76.47%and 96.00%,respectively.Combined with binary classification probability unit regression,an appropriate sewage treatment mode for the village was determined with 87.00%accuracy.The Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP),combined with the Technique for Order Preference(TOPSIS)by Similarity to an Ideal Solution model,formed the basis for optimal treatment process selection under different emission standards.Verification was conducted in 542 villages across three counties of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,focusing on the standard effluent effect(0.3773),low investment cost(0.3196),and high standard effluent effect(0.5115)to determine the best treatment process for the same emission standard under different needs.The annual environmental and carbon emission benefits of sewage treatment in these villages were estimated.This model matches village density,geographic feature,and social development level,and provides scientific support and a theoretical basis for rural sewage treatment decision-making.展开更多
A novel metal/semiconductor photocatalyst,Cu nanoparticles(NPs)modified TiO2 hollow spheres(Cu/TiO2),was designed for efficient photocatalytic overall water splitting(POWS)under both ultraviolet(UV)and visible(Vis)lig...A novel metal/semiconductor photocatalyst,Cu nanoparticles(NPs)modified TiO2 hollow spheres(Cu/TiO2),was designed for efficient photocatalytic overall water splitting(POWS)under both ultraviolet(UV)and visible(Vis)light.This Cu/TiO2 photocatalyst possesses excellent POWS performance under Vis light at the highest level among the reported TiO2-based photocatalysts.Interestingly,the metal/semiconductor junction formed between Cu and TiO2 enables controlled water-oxidation product selectivity(H2O2 or O2)via different reaction pathways regulated by irradiation wavelengths.Under UV light,the electrons excited in TiO2 are captured by Cu NPs through the Cu/TiO2 Schottky interface for H2 production,with the photoholes in TiO2 producing H2O2 through a two-electron process;whilst under Vis light,Cu NPs act as plasmon to inject hot electrons to TiO2 for H2 production,while O2 is produced by hot holes on Cu NPs via a four-electron process.This rational design of function-switchable metal/semiconductor junction may be helpful to understand the mechanisms for POWS with desired gas/liquid water-oxidation products.展开更多
Beyond photothermal conversion,the surface wettability of light-absorbing materials should be also determinative to the efficiency of solar-driven interfacial steam generation(SISG).Herein,by modifying hydrophobic Cu ...Beyond photothermal conversion,the surface wettability of light-absorbing materials should be also determinative to the efficiency of solar-driven interfacial steam generation(SISG).Herein,by modifying hydrophobic Cu nanoparticles(NPs)with a hydrophilic carbon(C)shell,hydrophilic Cu@C core-shell NPs were successfully fabricated and used for constructing evaporation films for SISG.In comparison to the film constructed with Cu NPs,the evaporation films constructed with Cu@C core-shell NPs exhibit much increased SISG efficiency,reaching 94.6%as high.Except for the localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)effect of Cu NPs ensuring the excellent photothermal conversion,it is experimentally and theoretically revealed that the surface wettability switching from hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity,as induced by C coating,is beneficial to heat transfer at the solid/liquid interface and water transport at the evaporative surface,thus improving the thermal-evaporation conversion performance for efficient SISG.However,the further thickened C shells would weaken the LSPR effect and hinder the interface heat and water transfer,leading to the decreased photothermal and thermal-evaporation conversion efficiencies,and thus the lowered SISG performances.This demonstration gives an alternative and promising access to the rational design of photothermal materials featured with switchable surface wettability ensuring interface heat and water transfer enhancement for efficient SISG.展开更多
基金supported by the Central Government Guiding Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project(No.2024SZY0343)the Joint Research Program for Ecological Conservation and High Quality Development of the Yellow River Basin(No.2022-YRUC-01-050205)+2 种基金the Higher Education Scientific Research Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(No.NJZZ23078)the project of Inner Mongolia"Prairie Talents"Engineering Innovation Entrepreneurship Talent Team,the Major Projects of Erdos Science and Technology(No.2022EEDSKJZDZX015)the Innovation Team of the Inner Mongolia Academy of Science and Technology(No.CXTD2023-01-016).
文摘Rural domestic sewage treatment is critical for environmental protection.This study defines the spatial pattern of villages from the perspective of rural sewage treatment and develops an integrated decision-making system to propose a sewage treatment mode and scheme suitable for local conditions.By considering the village spatial layout and terrain factors,a decision tree model of residential density and terrain type was constructed with accuracies of 76.47%and 96.00%,respectively.Combined with binary classification probability unit regression,an appropriate sewage treatment mode for the village was determined with 87.00%accuracy.The Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP),combined with the Technique for Order Preference(TOPSIS)by Similarity to an Ideal Solution model,formed the basis for optimal treatment process selection under different emission standards.Verification was conducted in 542 villages across three counties of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,focusing on the standard effluent effect(0.3773),low investment cost(0.3196),and high standard effluent effect(0.5115)to determine the best treatment process for the same emission standard under different needs.The annual environmental and carbon emission benefits of sewage treatment in these villages were estimated.This model matches village density,geographic feature,and social development level,and provides scientific support and a theoretical basis for rural sewage treatment decision-making.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51672210 and 21875183)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFE0193900)+2 种基金National Program for Support of Top-notch Young ProfessionalsFundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(2018JQ2028)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M640981)。
文摘A novel metal/semiconductor photocatalyst,Cu nanoparticles(NPs)modified TiO2 hollow spheres(Cu/TiO2),was designed for efficient photocatalytic overall water splitting(POWS)under both ultraviolet(UV)and visible(Vis)light.This Cu/TiO2 photocatalyst possesses excellent POWS performance under Vis light at the highest level among the reported TiO2-based photocatalysts.Interestingly,the metal/semiconductor junction formed between Cu and TiO2 enables controlled water-oxidation product selectivity(H2O2 or O2)via different reaction pathways regulated by irradiation wavelengths.Under UV light,the electrons excited in TiO2 are captured by Cu NPs through the Cu/TiO2 Schottky interface for H2 production,with the photoholes in TiO2 producing H2O2 through a two-electron process;whilst under Vis light,Cu NPs act as plasmon to inject hot electrons to TiO2 for H2 production,while O2 is produced by hot holes on Cu NPs via a four-electron process.This rational design of function-switchable metal/semiconductor junction may be helpful to understand the mechanisms for POWS with desired gas/liquid water-oxidation products.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52225606,51888103)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province(2019JCW-10)the“Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities”,and“The Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities”.
文摘Beyond photothermal conversion,the surface wettability of light-absorbing materials should be also determinative to the efficiency of solar-driven interfacial steam generation(SISG).Herein,by modifying hydrophobic Cu nanoparticles(NPs)with a hydrophilic carbon(C)shell,hydrophilic Cu@C core-shell NPs were successfully fabricated and used for constructing evaporation films for SISG.In comparison to the film constructed with Cu NPs,the evaporation films constructed with Cu@C core-shell NPs exhibit much increased SISG efficiency,reaching 94.6%as high.Except for the localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)effect of Cu NPs ensuring the excellent photothermal conversion,it is experimentally and theoretically revealed that the surface wettability switching from hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity,as induced by C coating,is beneficial to heat transfer at the solid/liquid interface and water transport at the evaporative surface,thus improving the thermal-evaporation conversion performance for efficient SISG.However,the further thickened C shells would weaken the LSPR effect and hinder the interface heat and water transfer,leading to the decreased photothermal and thermal-evaporation conversion efficiencies,and thus the lowered SISG performances.This demonstration gives an alternative and promising access to the rational design of photothermal materials featured with switchable surface wettability ensuring interface heat and water transfer enhancement for efficient SISG.
