Moutan Cortex terpene glycoside is derived from the dried root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.in the Paeoniaceae family,which holds significant value as a traditional Chinese medicine.This study investigated that M...Moutan Cortex terpene glycoside is derived from the dried root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.in the Paeoniaceae family,which holds significant value as a traditional Chinese medicine.This study investigated that Moutan Cortex terpene glycoside(MCTG)improved diabetic kidney disease(DKD)by targeting sirtuin 1(SIRT1)mediated autophagy pathway.Mechanistic insights were gained using DKD model rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)to delineate how MCTG operated in the treatment of DKD.Furthermore,network pharmacology was used to identify the primary metabolic pathways affected by MCTG,with key targets being confirmed through polymerase chain reaction(PCR),Western blot,Transmission electron microscope,immunofluorescence staining and monodansylcadaverine(MDC)staining.Finally,small interfering RNA transfection testified SIRT1 in advanced glycation end-products(AGEs)-induced HUVECs injury.MCTG effectively decreased blood glucose rise in DKD rats and reduced levels of cytokines and biochemical indicators.Network pharmacology revealed that metabolism was the main pathway of Moutan Cortex,and the main targets were verified by PCR and protein experiments.Based on these results,we found that Moutan Cortex could improve DKD and SIRT1 was a potential target.Furthermore,knockdown of SIRT1 attenuated AGEs-induced the expression of Beclin 1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 II/I(LC3 II/I)in HUVECs.In summary,this study demonstrated that Moutan Cortex could alleviate DKD via down-regulating SIRT1-mediated autophagy pathway.展开更多
During cancer treatment,chemotherapeutic drugs always result in severe side-effects and drug resistance.Therefore,combining cheomtherapy with other therapeutic modalities,such as photodynamic therapy(PDT)and designing...During cancer treatment,chemotherapeutic drugs always result in severe side-effects and drug resistance.Therefore,combining cheomtherapy with other therapeutic modalities,such as photodynamic therapy(PDT)and designing an activable platform is promising for precise and efficient anticancer treatment.Herein,we report a“pro-drug-photosensitizer”agent,LMB-S-CPT,bearing a disulfide bond as the glutathione(GSH)-activatable linker.LMB-S-CPT can be selectively activated by GSH to release activated drug,camptothecin(CPT),for chemotherapy and activated photosensitizer,methylene blue(MB),for PDT.LMB-S-CPT exhibits excellent tumor-activatable performance when injected into tumor-bearing mice,as well as specific cancer therapy with negligible toxic side effects.The activatable pro-drug-photosensitizer offers a new strategy for chemo-photodynamic therapy and displays precise,selective and excellent antitumor effect.展开更多
Margin rules are very important rules in futures market. This paper provides a new Value-at-Risk （VaR） approach which uses GARCH model to set margin levels. The new approach overcomes the limitation of the hypothesi...Margin rules are very important rules in futures market. This paper provides a new Value-at-Risk （VaR） approach which uses GARCH model to set margin levels. The new approach overcomes the limitation of the hypothesis of normal distribution in traditional methods and improves the estimation precision. We use the data of metal futures in China＇s Shanghai Futures Exchange （SHFE） to have an empirical study.展开更多
Egg white is a nutritious and valuable resource,rich in protein and free of fat.However,the fishy taste of raw eggs has become a limiting factor in its application.This study aims to enhance the flavor of egg white th...Egg white is a nutritious and valuable resource,rich in protein and free of fat.However,the fishy taste of raw eggs has become a limiting factor in its application.This study aims to enhance the flavor of egg white through enzymatic hydrolysis-assisted lactic acid fermentation.The investigation explored the impact of neutral protease,papain protease,and their combination on the physico-chemical characteristics and volatile flavor compounds of fermented egg white.The protein subunits,molecular weight distribution,amino acid content and volatile flavor compounds of the samples were determined by SDS-PAGE,HPLC,amino acid analyzer and GC-MS.The results showed that the range of oligopeptide fragments(1000 Da-5000 Da)produced by papain hydrolysis was wider than that of neutral protease treatment.The growth of lactic acid bacteria is more inclined to utilize oligopeptides,so the papain-containing group of lactic acid bacteria exhibits more vigorous growth and demonstrates superior characteristics,particularly in the unique flavor of yogurt.Compared with the neutral protease group,the levels of diacetyl,acetaldehyde,acetone,acid,alcohol and ketone related to the characteristic flavor of yogurt were significantly increased,and the contents of aromatic amino acids and umami amino acids were also significantly increased.These flavorful amino acids play a key role in giving these foods their pleasing taste.By employing enzymolysis-assisted fermentation technology,we can effectively mitigate the"fishy taste"of egg whites while enhancing their flavor profile and nutritional value,thereby catering to the growing consumer demand for health-conscious food choices.Moreover,this innovative approach also establishes a robust foundation for future development of egg white products with antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,or blood sugar regulatory functionalities in terms of optimizing their sensory attributes.Through these advancements,our aim is to offer consumers an array of delectable and nourishing options.展开更多
Dihydromyricetin(DMY),a flavonoid derived from Ampelopsis grossedentata,exhibits notable antioxidant,antiinflammatory,and antidiabetic activities.But its poor solubility,instability,and low bioavailability limit its a...Dihydromyricetin(DMY),a flavonoid derived from Ampelopsis grossedentata,exhibits notable antioxidant,antiinflammatory,and antidiabetic activities.But its poor solubility,instability,and low bioavailability limit its application in functional foods.This study developed a novel egg yolk phospholipid peptide(EYPP)-DMY nanocomposite via a temperature-driven assembly to address these limitations.The nanocomposite significantly improved DMY solubility(from 0.431 to 3.01 mg/mL)and enhanced its stability under thermal and alkaline conditions.Spectroscopic analyses revealed stable non-covalent interactions between EYPP and DMY,promoting better dispersibility and amorphization.In vitro digestion demonstrated that EYPP-DMY nanocomposites improved DMY retention(71.90%)and bioaccessibility(24.97%),while enhancing antioxidant capacity and inhibitory effects onα-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase.Furthermore,in vivo pharmacokinetic studies confirmed that the optimal C5 formulation markedly increased systemic exposure,with a 2.60-fold higher Cmax and 1.88-fold higher AUC compared with free DMY.These findings demonstrate that EYPP is an effective nanocarrier for DMY,offering a promising strategy for improving flavonoid delivery in functional food and nutraceutical applications.展开更多
Glycerylphosphorylcholine(GPC)is a bioactive compound with potential health benefits,including cognitive support and cellular metabolism enhancement.In this study,GPC-enriched defatted egg yolk powder was prepared usi...Glycerylphosphorylcholine(GPC)is a bioactive compound with potential health benefits,including cognitive support and cellular metabolism enhancement.In this study,GPC-enriched defatted egg yolk powder was prepared using an innovative combination of dual-enzyme hydrolysis and supercritical CO_(2) extraction.Optimized conditions achieved a high conversion rate of phosphatidylcholine(PC)(89.9%).Key parameters included a 2:1 enzyme ratio(phospholipase A1 to lysophospholipase),161 U/mL enzyme concentration,3-h reaction time,55℃ temperature,and a 1:2 yolk-to-water ratio.Furthermore,under the same conditions,the content of GPC reached 0.374 g per 10 g of egg yolk powder.Supercritical CO_(2) extraction increased the protein content and GPC content of the egg yolk powder from 29.9%to 68.68%and 3.74%–7.75%while reducing the lipid content and cholesterol content from 50.1%to 6.75%and 4.21%–0.16%.Accelerated storage tests revealed that as the storage time increased,the changes in the particle size and secondary oxidation products of EYP161-SYE were less pronounced,which correlated with improved solubility and storage stability.These findings highlight the potential of this approach for producing high-value,stable GPC-enriched egg yolk powder for applications in food and nutraceuticals.展开更多
Helicobacter pylori is a potential pathogen capable of inducing chronic gastritis;however,the efficacy of current treatment regimens for H.pylori has been compromised due to increasing antibiotic resistance.Egg yolk i...Helicobacter pylori is a potential pathogen capable of inducing chronic gastritis;however,the efficacy of current treatment regimens for H.pylori has been compromised due to increasing antibiotic resistance.Egg yolk immunoglobulin(IgY),which presents antimicrobial properties,is under investigation for use as an adjunct to prophylactic therapies,though its delivery stability remains a challenge.In this study,a liposome-based delivery system,composed of egg yolk lecithin and cholesterol,was designed to encapsulate and deliver IgY.The inhibitory effect of PC-Chol-IgY liposomes on urease activity was confirmed in vitro.Subsequently,a mouse model was employed to investigate the impact of PC-Chol-IgY liposomes on H.pylori-induced gastric injury,inflammation,and gut microbiota composition.Compared to free IgY,PC-Chol-IgY liposomes demonstrated superior efficacy in repairing gastric tissue damage,as evidenced by normalized epithelial cell morphology and reduced lymphocytic infiltration,along with significantly reducing serum levels of inflammatory cytokines(IL-1βand IFN-γ),and alleviating oxidative stress.These beneficial effects were potentially associated with the resto-ration of gut microbiota balance.Overall,PC-Chol-IgY liposomes showed superior therapeutic efficacy over free IgY against H.pylori infection,suggesting that it is promising anti-H.pylori agent.展开更多
Glycerophosphatidylcholine(GPC)is a naturally occurring bioactive compound with demonstrated benefits for cognition and neurodegenerative disease mitigation.This study prepared two defatted GPC-enriched egg yolk deriv...Glycerophosphatidylcholine(GPC)is a naturally occurring bioactive compound with demonstrated benefits for cognition and neurodegenerative disease mitigation.This study prepared two defatted GPC-enriched egg yolk derivatives-EYP161-SYE(protein)and EYPP161-SYE(polypeptide)-using enzymatic hydrolysis combined with supercritical CO_(2)extraction,and evaluated their physicochemical properties and effects on cognitive function in young(6-week-old)and middle-aged(12-month-old)C57BL/6J mice.Physicochemical analyses revealed that EYPP161-SYE exhibited a smaller particle size than EYP161-SYE,with no significant difference in in vitro digestibility between the two.Behavioral tests(open-field,Y-maze,and Morris water maze)showed a trend toward improved cognitive performance in both age groups following intervention with EYP161-SYE or EYPP161-SYE,though this increase did not reach statistical significance(p>0.05).At the molecular level,differential regulation was observed in young versus middle-aged mice.In middle-aged mice,the intervention increased Tau protein expression and reduced phosphorylated Tau(p-Tau)levels,whereas the opposite trend was observed in young mice(p>0.05).Additionally,middle-aged mice exhibited elevated hippocampal expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)and its receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B(TrkB),while no significant changes in these proteins were seen in young mice.These findings indicate that EYP161-SYE and EYPP161-SYE modulate key molecular markers in middle-aged mice-specifically reduced abnormal Tau phosphorylation and elevated BDNF/TrkB signaling activity-changes associated with age-related cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease pathology.However,both derivatives induced increased oxidative stress and inflammatory factor levels in mice,indicating potential bidirectional effects that warrant further investi-gation into optimal dosages and mechanisms.展开更多
Premature ovarian failure(POF) is a refractory disease for clinical treatment with the goal of restoring fertility. In this study,umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on a collagen scaffold(collagen/UC-MSCs) can acti...Premature ovarian failure(POF) is a refractory disease for clinical treatment with the goal of restoring fertility. In this study,umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on a collagen scaffold(collagen/UC-MSCs) can activate primordial follicles in vitro via phosphorylation of FOXO3 a and FOXO1. Transplantation of collagen/UC-MSCs to the ovaries of POF patients rescued overall ovarian function, evidenced by elevated estradiol concentrations, improved follicular development, and increased number of antral follicles. Successful clinical pregnancy was achieved in women with POF after transplantation of collagen/UC-MSCs or UC-MSCs. In summary, collagen/UC-MSC transplantation may provide an effective treatment for POF.展开更多
Auxin is involved in different aspects of plant growth and development by regulating the expression of auxin-responsive family genes. As one of the three major auxin-responsive families, GH3 (Gretchen Hagen3) genes pa...Auxin is involved in different aspects of plant growth and development by regulating the expression of auxin-responsive family genes. As one of the three major auxin-responsive families, GH3 (Gretchen Hagen3) genes participate in auxin homeostasis by catalyzing auxin conjugation and bounding free indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) to amino acids. However, how GH3 genes function in responses to abiotic stresses and various hormones in maize is largely unknown. Here, the latest updated maize (Zea mays L.) reference genome sequence was used to characterize and analyze the ZmGH3 family genes from maize. The results showed that 13 ZmGH3 genes were mapped on five maize chromosomes (total 10 chromosomes). Highly diversified gene structures and tissue-specific expression patterns suggested the possibility of function diversification for these genes in response to environmental stresses and hormone stimuli. The expression patterns of ZmGH3 genes are responsive to several abiotic stresses (salt, drought and cadmium) and major stress-related hormones (abscisic acid, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid). Various environmental factors suppress auxin free IAA contents in maize roots suggesting that these abiotic stresses and hormones might alter GH3-mediated auxin levels. The respon-siveness of ZmGH3 genes to a wide range of abiotic stresses and stress-related hormones suggested that ZmGH3s are involved in maize tolerance to environmental stresses.展开更多
Self-assembled DNA nanostructures hold great promise as nanoscale templates for organizing nanoparticles(NPs)with nearatomistic resolution.However,large-scale organization of NPs with high yield is highly desirable fo...Self-assembled DNA nanostructures hold great promise as nanoscale templates for organizing nanoparticles(NPs)with nearatomistic resolution.However,large-scale organization of NPs with high yield is highly desirable for nanoelectronics and nanophotonic applications.Here,we design fve-strand DNA tiles that can readily self-assemble into well-organized micrometerscale DNA nanostructures.By organizing gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)on these self-assembled DNA nanostructures,we realize the fabrication of one-and two-dimensional Au nanostructures in single steps.We further demonstrate the one-pot synthesis of Au metamaterials for highly amplifed surface-enhanced Raman Scattering(SERS).Tis single-step and high-yield strategy thus holds great potential for fabricating plasmonic metamaterials.展开更多
In this study,egg white peptides(EWP)were prepared using preheat treatment combined with a bienzymatic hydrolysis.Results on peptide yield and molecular weight distribution showed that preheat treatment could obviousl...In this study,egg white peptides(EWP)were prepared using preheat treatment combined with a bienzymatic hydrolysis.Results on peptide yield and molecular weight distribution showed that preheat treatment could obviously promote egg white hydrolysis.The yield of EWP obtained from neutral-alkaline protease treatment was 74.62%±0.23%and 92.69%of EWP was between 200 Da and 500 Da.Supplementation with 750 mg/kg/d EWP significantly alleviated the decrease of immune organ index in immunosuppressed male BLAB/c mice caused by cyclophosphamide.The pathological changes of spleen showed that EWP could also alleviate the damage of spleen tissue.The number of white blood cells in peripheral blood and the levels of serum cytokines(IL-6,IL-2 and TNF-α)in 750 mg/kg/d EWP group were significantly higher than the model group.The immunomodulatory effects of EWP might be related to the presence of abundant branched-chain amino acids,which were important components of immunomodulatory peptides.Eight possible immunomodulatory peptides were identified from EWP by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in combination with ProteinLynx Global SERVER and mass spectral database.Therefore,EWP may have potential as a natural immunomodulator for the prevention of immune damage caused by external influences.展开更多
Mercury ion(Hg^(2+)),known as one of the highly toxic and soluble heavy metal ions,is causing serious environmental pollution and irreversible damage to the health.It is urgent to develop some rapid and ultrasensitive...Mercury ion(Hg^(2+)),known as one of the highly toxic and soluble heavy metal ions,is causing serious environmental pollution and irreversible damage to the health.It is urgent to develop some rapid and ultrasensitive methods for detecting trace mercury ions in the environment especially drink water.Surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)is considered as a novel and powerful optical analysis technique since it has the significant advantages of ultra-sensitivity and high specificity.In recent years,the SERS technique and its application in the detection of Hg^(2+)have become more prevalent and compelling.This review provides an overall survey of the development of SERS-based Hg^(2+)detections and presents a summary relating to the basic principles,detection strategies,recent advances and current challenges of SERS for Hg^(2+)detections.展开更多
Dear Editor,Chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure significantly diminishes ovarian blood flow,ovarian size,and follicular development.Angiogenesis plays a vital role in repairing ovarian damage.1 Perivascular stem cell...Dear Editor,Chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure significantly diminishes ovarian blood flow,ovarian size,and follicular development.Angiogenesis plays a vital role in repairing ovarian damage.1 Perivascular stem cells(PSCs),known as mural cells covering the vasculature,are essential for blood vessel formation and postulated as progenitors of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs).2,3 We previously established umbilical cord artery-derived PSCs(UCA-PSCs)and Wharton’s jelly-derived MSCs(WJ-MSCs)and UCAPSCs display optimal angiogenic capacity in vitro.4 Therefore,we explored the angiogenesis and pro-angiogenesis mechanisms of UCA-PSCs and provided them as an efficient treatment strategy for ovarian failure.展开更多
Spray dried egg yolk powder(EYP)is a kind of food ingredient with high nutritional value.However,its low solubility and insufficient emulsifying properties restrict its applications in the food industry.In this study,...Spray dried egg yolk powder(EYP)is a kind of food ingredient with high nutritional value.However,its low solubility and insufficient emulsifying properties restrict its applications in the food industry.In this study,a new method of dual enzymatic hydrolysis(phospholipase and protease)was proposed to improve the functional properties of EYP including emulsifying properties,solubility,rehydration time and so on.The optimal conditions were determined to be 50 U/g(phospholipase A1(PLA1))and 250 U/g(neutral protease).Under these optimal conditions,the solubility of HYP(hydrolyzed EYP)treated by dual enzyme(61.30%)was significantly higher than that of unhydrolyzed EYP(16.49%)or HYP treated by single PLA1(23.97%).Meanwhile,the emulsifying stability index(ESI)of HYP(hydrolyzed EYP)treated by dual enzymes was about 16/1.4 times larger than unmodified EYP/single PLA1 modified HYP.The increasing electronegativity and decreasing surface hydrophobicity/surface tension of HYP could be responsible for the above results.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)revealed that dual-enzyme hydrolysis could promote the formation of fine HYP with pore structure,enabling it to rehydrate more effectively.In addition,the usage of protease could improve the radical scavenging activity of dual enzyme modified HYP by releasing antioxidant peptides.This study could provide new insights to promote the techno-functionality of EYP,thus optimizing its utilization as a high-performance emulsifier in the food industry.展开更多
In this study,the differences in the gelation,digestibility and release of antioxidant peptides of egg white (EW)/yolk (EY) in boiled eggs prepared by different boiling times were investigated.The hardness,gumminess a...In this study,the differences in the gelation,digestibility and release of antioxidant peptides of egg white (EW)/yolk (EY) in boiled eggs prepared by different boiling times were investigated.The hardness,gumminess and chewiness of boiled EW/EY both showed an increase trend with the duration of boiling time.Prolonging the boiling time increased the proportion of immobilized water in boiled EW,but reduced the retention ability of boiled EY for water or lipid.Increasing boiling time increased the content of β-sheet of boiled EW/EY at the expense of α-helix with varying degrees,accompanying with the increase of the disulfide bond and the formation of dense gel network structure.The results of in-vitro simulated digestion showed that boiled EW,especially prepared by boiling for a longer time,had a lower protein digestibility and less release of antioxidant peptides than that of boiled EY due to its compact gel network and large broken particles after digestion.This work demonstrated that prolonged boiling time will improve the gel strength of boiled EW and boiled EY,but is not conducive to their digestion and the release of antioxidant peptides.展开更多
Given the relatively stronger association between egg consumption and cardiovascular diseases risk based on Western diets,this study utilized C57BL/6J mice fed with different egg-containing diets to compare difference...Given the relatively stronger association between egg consumption and cardiovascular diseases risk based on Western diets,this study utilized C57BL/6J mice fed with different egg-containing diets to compare differences in lipid metabolism.Results showed that egg consumption had no significant impact on plasma total cholesterol under chow diet but significantly increased liver cholesterol levels.The levels of blood lipid biomarkers of egg-containing chow diet groups were overall lower than those of high-fat groups.Conversely,egg consumption resulted in a significant increase in plasma total cholesterol and accelerated weight gain and fat accumulation under high-fat diet.Western Blot and RT-qPCR results suggested that the excretion of bile acids increased in mice after egg consumption.The upregulation of cholesterol synthesis under egg-containing high-fat diets might be responsible for the disrupted cholesterol homeostasis,representing a crucial distinction between the two egg-containing diets.Lipidomics results revealed the changes in abundance of bile acids,phytosterols,Vitamin D3 and phospholipids,and other fecal metabolites following egg consumption.Possible reasons for these changes included alterations in nutrients intake,bioaccessibility and endogenous metabolism.This study emphasized the importance of considering dietary patterns when assessing the effects of egg consumption on cardiovascular diseases risk.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82474093,81973536)Jiangsu Province“Blue and Green Project”(184080H10240)+2 种基金Graduate Research Innovation Program of Jiangsu(KYCX23_0871)the National Natural Science Foundation of the Youth Science Fund Project(81703775)Health Research Program of Wuxi Municipal Health Commission(Q202107).
文摘Moutan Cortex terpene glycoside is derived from the dried root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.in the Paeoniaceae family,which holds significant value as a traditional Chinese medicine.This study investigated that Moutan Cortex terpene glycoside(MCTG)improved diabetic kidney disease(DKD)by targeting sirtuin 1(SIRT1)mediated autophagy pathway.Mechanistic insights were gained using DKD model rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)to delineate how MCTG operated in the treatment of DKD.Furthermore,network pharmacology was used to identify the primary metabolic pathways affected by MCTG,with key targets being confirmed through polymerase chain reaction(PCR),Western blot,Transmission electron microscope,immunofluorescence staining and monodansylcadaverine(MDC)staining.Finally,small interfering RNA transfection testified SIRT1 in advanced glycation end-products(AGEs)-induced HUVECs injury.MCTG effectively decreased blood glucose rise in DKD rats and reduced levels of cytokines and biochemical indicators.Network pharmacology revealed that metabolism was the main pathway of Moutan Cortex,and the main targets were verified by PCR and protein experiments.Based on these results,we found that Moutan Cortex could improve DKD and SIRT1 was a potential target.Furthermore,knockdown of SIRT1 attenuated AGEs-induced the expression of Beclin 1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 II/I(LC3 II/I)in HUVECs.In summary,this study demonstrated that Moutan Cortex could alleviate DKD via down-regulating SIRT1-mediated autophagy pathway.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22090011,22078046,21808028)NSFC Liaoning United Fund(No.U1908202)。
文摘During cancer treatment,chemotherapeutic drugs always result in severe side-effects and drug resistance.Therefore,combining cheomtherapy with other therapeutic modalities,such as photodynamic therapy(PDT)and designing an activable platform is promising for precise and efficient anticancer treatment.Herein,we report a“pro-drug-photosensitizer”agent,LMB-S-CPT,bearing a disulfide bond as the glutathione(GSH)-activatable linker.LMB-S-CPT can be selectively activated by GSH to release activated drug,camptothecin(CPT),for chemotherapy and activated photosensitizer,methylene blue(MB),for PDT.LMB-S-CPT exhibits excellent tumor-activatable performance when injected into tumor-bearing mice,as well as specific cancer therapy with negligible toxic side effects.The activatable pro-drug-photosensitizer offers a new strategy for chemo-photodynamic therapy and displays precise,selective and excellent antitumor effect.
文摘Margin rules are very important rules in futures market. This paper provides a new Value-at-Risk （VaR） approach which uses GARCH model to set margin levels. The new approach overcomes the limitation of the hypothesis of normal distribution in traditional methods and improves the estimation precision. We use the data of metal futures in China＇s Shanghai Futures Exchange （SHFE） to have an empirical study.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2101004)The authors would thank the grants from the“Collaborative innovation center of food safety and quality control in Jiangsu Province”industry development program and appreciate the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province for support(No.BK20221071)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M751154)support of Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(2024ZB741).
文摘Egg white is a nutritious and valuable resource,rich in protein and free of fat.However,the fishy taste of raw eggs has become a limiting factor in its application.This study aims to enhance the flavor of egg white through enzymatic hydrolysis-assisted lactic acid fermentation.The investigation explored the impact of neutral protease,papain protease,and their combination on the physico-chemical characteristics and volatile flavor compounds of fermented egg white.The protein subunits,molecular weight distribution,amino acid content and volatile flavor compounds of the samples were determined by SDS-PAGE,HPLC,amino acid analyzer and GC-MS.The results showed that the range of oligopeptide fragments(1000 Da-5000 Da)produced by papain hydrolysis was wider than that of neutral protease treatment.The growth of lactic acid bacteria is more inclined to utilize oligopeptides,so the papain-containing group of lactic acid bacteria exhibits more vigorous growth and demonstrates superior characteristics,particularly in the unique flavor of yogurt.Compared with the neutral protease group,the levels of diacetyl,acetaldehyde,acetone,acid,alcohol and ketone related to the characteristic flavor of yogurt were significantly increased,and the contents of aromatic amino acids and umami amino acids were also significantly increased.These flavorful amino acids play a key role in giving these foods their pleasing taste.By employing enzymolysis-assisted fermentation technology,we can effectively mitigate the"fishy taste"of egg whites while enhancing their flavor profile and nutritional value,thereby catering to the growing consumer demand for health-conscious food choices.Moreover,this innovative approach also establishes a robust foundation for future development of egg white products with antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,or blood sugar regulatory functionalities in terms of optimizing their sensory attributes.Through these advancements,our aim is to offer consumers an array of delectable and nourishing options.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32272313).
文摘Dihydromyricetin(DMY),a flavonoid derived from Ampelopsis grossedentata,exhibits notable antioxidant,antiinflammatory,and antidiabetic activities.But its poor solubility,instability,and low bioavailability limit its application in functional foods.This study developed a novel egg yolk phospholipid peptide(EYPP)-DMY nanocomposite via a temperature-driven assembly to address these limitations.The nanocomposite significantly improved DMY solubility(from 0.431 to 3.01 mg/mL)and enhanced its stability under thermal and alkaline conditions.Spectroscopic analyses revealed stable non-covalent interactions between EYPP and DMY,promoting better dispersibility and amorphization.In vitro digestion demonstrated that EYPP-DMY nanocomposites improved DMY retention(71.90%)and bioaccessibility(24.97%),while enhancing antioxidant capacity and inhibitory effects onα-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase.Furthermore,in vivo pharmacokinetic studies confirmed that the optimal C5 formulation markedly increased systemic exposure,with a 2.60-fold higher Cmax and 1.88-fold higher AUC compared with free DMY.These findings demonstrate that EYPP is an effective nanocarrier for DMY,offering a promising strategy for improving flavonoid delivery in functional food and nutraceutical applications.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2101004)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32272313).
文摘Glycerylphosphorylcholine(GPC)is a bioactive compound with potential health benefits,including cognitive support and cellular metabolism enhancement.In this study,GPC-enriched defatted egg yolk powder was prepared using an innovative combination of dual-enzyme hydrolysis and supercritical CO_(2) extraction.Optimized conditions achieved a high conversion rate of phosphatidylcholine(PC)(89.9%).Key parameters included a 2:1 enzyme ratio(phospholipase A1 to lysophospholipase),161 U/mL enzyme concentration,3-h reaction time,55℃ temperature,and a 1:2 yolk-to-water ratio.Furthermore,under the same conditions,the content of GPC reached 0.374 g per 10 g of egg yolk powder.Supercritical CO_(2) extraction increased the protein content and GPC content of the egg yolk powder from 29.9%to 68.68%and 3.74%–7.75%while reducing the lipid content and cholesterol content from 50.1%to 6.75%and 4.21%–0.16%.Accelerated storage tests revealed that as the storage time increased,the changes in the particle size and secondary oxidation products of EYP161-SYE were less pronounced,which correlated with improved solubility and storage stability.These findings highlight the potential of this approach for producing high-value,stable GPC-enriched egg yolk powder for applications in food and nutraceuticals.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1103401),and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M751154)support of Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Post-doctoral Talent(2024ZB741)the grants from the“Collaborative innovation center of food safety and quality control in Jiangsu Province”industry development program.
文摘Helicobacter pylori is a potential pathogen capable of inducing chronic gastritis;however,the efficacy of current treatment regimens for H.pylori has been compromised due to increasing antibiotic resistance.Egg yolk immunoglobulin(IgY),which presents antimicrobial properties,is under investigation for use as an adjunct to prophylactic therapies,though its delivery stability remains a challenge.In this study,a liposome-based delivery system,composed of egg yolk lecithin and cholesterol,was designed to encapsulate and deliver IgY.The inhibitory effect of PC-Chol-IgY liposomes on urease activity was confirmed in vitro.Subsequently,a mouse model was employed to investigate the impact of PC-Chol-IgY liposomes on H.pylori-induced gastric injury,inflammation,and gut microbiota composition.Compared to free IgY,PC-Chol-IgY liposomes demonstrated superior efficacy in repairing gastric tissue damage,as evidenced by normalized epithelial cell morphology and reduced lymphocytic infiltration,along with significantly reducing serum levels of inflammatory cytokines(IL-1βand IFN-γ),and alleviating oxidative stress.These beneficial effects were potentially associated with the resto-ration of gut microbiota balance.Overall,PC-Chol-IgY liposomes showed superior therapeutic efficacy over free IgY against H.pylori infection,suggesting that it is promising anti-H.pylori agent.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2101004)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32272313).
文摘Glycerophosphatidylcholine(GPC)is a naturally occurring bioactive compound with demonstrated benefits for cognition and neurodegenerative disease mitigation.This study prepared two defatted GPC-enriched egg yolk derivatives-EYP161-SYE(protein)and EYPP161-SYE(polypeptide)-using enzymatic hydrolysis combined with supercritical CO_(2)extraction,and evaluated their physicochemical properties and effects on cognitive function in young(6-week-old)and middle-aged(12-month-old)C57BL/6J mice.Physicochemical analyses revealed that EYPP161-SYE exhibited a smaller particle size than EYP161-SYE,with no significant difference in in vitro digestibility between the two.Behavioral tests(open-field,Y-maze,and Morris water maze)showed a trend toward improved cognitive performance in both age groups following intervention with EYP161-SYE or EYPP161-SYE,though this increase did not reach statistical significance(p>0.05).At the molecular level,differential regulation was observed in young versus middle-aged mice.In middle-aged mice,the intervention increased Tau protein expression and reduced phosphorylated Tau(p-Tau)levels,whereas the opposite trend was observed in young mice(p>0.05).Additionally,middle-aged mice exhibited elevated hippocampal expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)and its receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B(TrkB),while no significant changes in these proteins were seen in young mice.These findings indicate that EYP161-SYE and EYPP161-SYE modulate key molecular markers in middle-aged mice-specifically reduced abnormal Tau phosphorylation and elevated BDNF/TrkB signaling activity-changes associated with age-related cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease pathology.However,both derivatives induced increased oxidative stress and inflammatory factor levels in mice,indicating potential bidirectional effects that warrant further investi-gation into optimal dosages and mechanisms.
基金supported by Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA01030501 to Haixiang Sun)National Natural Science Foundation of China (31571189, 81571391, 30900847 to Lijun Ding)+1 种基金Jiangsu Provincial Medical Youth Talent (QNRC2016006)Nanjing Medical Science Development Project (JQX14004, ZKX16042)
文摘Premature ovarian failure(POF) is a refractory disease for clinical treatment with the goal of restoring fertility. In this study,umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on a collagen scaffold(collagen/UC-MSCs) can activate primordial follicles in vitro via phosphorylation of FOXO3 a and FOXO1. Transplantation of collagen/UC-MSCs to the ovaries of POF patients rescued overall ovarian function, evidenced by elevated estradiol concentrations, improved follicular development, and increased number of antral follicles. Successful clinical pregnancy was achieved in women with POF after transplantation of collagen/UC-MSCs or UC-MSCs. In summary, collagen/UC-MSC transplantation may provide an effective treatment for POF.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31401935)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LQ14C060001 and LQ13C020004)
文摘Auxin is involved in different aspects of plant growth and development by regulating the expression of auxin-responsive family genes. As one of the three major auxin-responsive families, GH3 (Gretchen Hagen3) genes participate in auxin homeostasis by catalyzing auxin conjugation and bounding free indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) to amino acids. However, how GH3 genes function in responses to abiotic stresses and various hormones in maize is largely unknown. Here, the latest updated maize (Zea mays L.) reference genome sequence was used to characterize and analyze the ZmGH3 family genes from maize. The results showed that 13 ZmGH3 genes were mapped on five maize chromosomes (total 10 chromosomes). Highly diversified gene structures and tissue-specific expression patterns suggested the possibility of function diversification for these genes in response to environmental stresses and hormone stimuli. The expression patterns of ZmGH3 genes are responsive to several abiotic stresses (salt, drought and cadmium) and major stress-related hormones (abscisic acid, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid). Various environmental factors suppress auxin free IAA contents in maize roots suggesting that these abiotic stresses and hormones might alter GH3-mediated auxin levels. The respon-siveness of ZmGH3 genes to a wide range of abiotic stresses and stress-related hormones suggested that ZmGH3s are involved in maize tolerance to environmental stresses.
基金This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2017YFA0205302)the NSFC(61771253,61671250,and 61871236)+1 种基金the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT 15R37)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD,YX03001).
文摘Self-assembled DNA nanostructures hold great promise as nanoscale templates for organizing nanoparticles(NPs)with nearatomistic resolution.However,large-scale organization of NPs with high yield is highly desirable for nanoelectronics and nanophotonic applications.Here,we design fve-strand DNA tiles that can readily self-assemble into well-organized micrometerscale DNA nanostructures.By organizing gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)on these self-assembled DNA nanostructures,we realize the fabrication of one-and two-dimensional Au nanostructures in single steps.We further demonstrate the one-pot synthesis of Au metamaterials for highly amplifed surface-enhanced Raman Scattering(SERS).Tis single-step and high-yield strategy thus holds great potential for fabricating plasmonic metamaterials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for the Youth of China(No.31901642).
文摘In this study,egg white peptides(EWP)were prepared using preheat treatment combined with a bienzymatic hydrolysis.Results on peptide yield and molecular weight distribution showed that preheat treatment could obviously promote egg white hydrolysis.The yield of EWP obtained from neutral-alkaline protease treatment was 74.62%±0.23%and 92.69%of EWP was between 200 Da and 500 Da.Supplementation with 750 mg/kg/d EWP significantly alleviated the decrease of immune organ index in immunosuppressed male BLAB/c mice caused by cyclophosphamide.The pathological changes of spleen showed that EWP could also alleviate the damage of spleen tissue.The number of white blood cells in peripheral blood and the levels of serum cytokines(IL-6,IL-2 and TNF-α)in 750 mg/kg/d EWP group were significantly higher than the model group.The immunomodulatory effects of EWP might be related to the presence of abundant branched-chain amino acids,which were important components of immunomodulatory peptides.Eight possible immunomodulatory peptides were identified from EWP by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in combination with ProteinLynx Global SERVER and mass spectral database.Therefore,EWP may have potential as a natural immunomodulator for the prevention of immune damage caused by external influences.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China(2012CB933301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21475064)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(BM2012010)the Natural Science Fund for Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province(13KJB140009)the Sci-tech Support Plan of Jiangsu Province(BE2014719)the Research Innovation Program for College Graduates of Jiangsu Province(SJZZ15_0107)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(YX03001)
文摘Mercury ion(Hg^(2+)),known as one of the highly toxic and soluble heavy metal ions,is causing serious environmental pollution and irreversible damage to the health.It is urgent to develop some rapid and ultrasensitive methods for detecting trace mercury ions in the environment especially drink water.Surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)is considered as a novel and powerful optical analysis technique since it has the significant advantages of ultra-sensitivity and high specificity.In recent years,the SERS technique and its application in the detection of Hg^(2+)have become more prevalent and compelling.This review provides an overall survey of the development of SERS-based Hg^(2+)detections and presents a summary relating to the basic principles,detection strategies,recent advances and current challenges of SERS for Hg^(2+)detections.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1004701)Nature Science Foundation of China(81871128 and 81571391)+4 种基金Nanjing Medical Science Development Project(ZKX16042)L.D.grants from Nature Science Foundation of China(82030040)Jiangsu Province Social Development Project(BE2018602)H.S.For this work,Bruno Péault has been supported by grants from the British Heart Foundation and BIRAX Regenerative Medicine Initiative.
文摘Dear Editor,Chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure significantly diminishes ovarian blood flow,ovarian size,and follicular development.Angiogenesis plays a vital role in repairing ovarian damage.1 Perivascular stem cells(PSCs),known as mural cells covering the vasculature,are essential for blood vessel formation and postulated as progenitors of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs).2,3 We previously established umbilical cord artery-derived PSCs(UCA-PSCs)and Wharton’s jelly-derived MSCs(WJ-MSCs)and UCAPSCs display optimal angiogenic capacity in vitro.4 Therefore,we explored the angiogenesis and pro-angiogenesis mechanisms of UCA-PSCs and provided them as an efficient treatment strategy for ovarian failure.
基金fund support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2101004)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32272313).
文摘Spray dried egg yolk powder(EYP)is a kind of food ingredient with high nutritional value.However,its low solubility and insufficient emulsifying properties restrict its applications in the food industry.In this study,a new method of dual enzymatic hydrolysis(phospholipase and protease)was proposed to improve the functional properties of EYP including emulsifying properties,solubility,rehydration time and so on.The optimal conditions were determined to be 50 U/g(phospholipase A1(PLA1))and 250 U/g(neutral protease).Under these optimal conditions,the solubility of HYP(hydrolyzed EYP)treated by dual enzyme(61.30%)was significantly higher than that of unhydrolyzed EYP(16.49%)or HYP treated by single PLA1(23.97%).Meanwhile,the emulsifying stability index(ESI)of HYP(hydrolyzed EYP)treated by dual enzymes was about 16/1.4 times larger than unmodified EYP/single PLA1 modified HYP.The increasing electronegativity and decreasing surface hydrophobicity/surface tension of HYP could be responsible for the above results.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)revealed that dual-enzyme hydrolysis could promote the formation of fine HYP with pore structure,enabling it to rehydrate more effectively.In addition,the usage of protease could improve the radical scavenging activity of dual enzyme modified HYP by releasing antioxidant peptides.This study could provide new insights to promote the techno-functionality of EYP,thus optimizing its utilization as a high-performance emulsifier in the food industry.
基金supported financially by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD2101004).
文摘In this study,the differences in the gelation,digestibility and release of antioxidant peptides of egg white (EW)/yolk (EY) in boiled eggs prepared by different boiling times were investigated.The hardness,gumminess and chewiness of boiled EW/EY both showed an increase trend with the duration of boiling time.Prolonging the boiling time increased the proportion of immobilized water in boiled EW,but reduced the retention ability of boiled EY for water or lipid.Increasing boiling time increased the content of β-sheet of boiled EW/EY at the expense of α-helix with varying degrees,accompanying with the increase of the disulfide bond and the formation of dense gel network structure.The results of in-vitro simulated digestion showed that boiled EW,especially prepared by boiling for a longer time,had a lower protein digestibility and less release of antioxidant peptides than that of boiled EY due to its compact gel network and large broken particles after digestion.This work demonstrated that prolonged boiling time will improve the gel strength of boiled EW and boiled EY,but is not conducive to their digestion and the release of antioxidant peptides.
基金supported by the grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2101004)the Collaborative innovation center of food safety and quality control in Jiangsu Province,China.
文摘Given the relatively stronger association between egg consumption and cardiovascular diseases risk based on Western diets,this study utilized C57BL/6J mice fed with different egg-containing diets to compare differences in lipid metabolism.Results showed that egg consumption had no significant impact on plasma total cholesterol under chow diet but significantly increased liver cholesterol levels.The levels of blood lipid biomarkers of egg-containing chow diet groups were overall lower than those of high-fat groups.Conversely,egg consumption resulted in a significant increase in plasma total cholesterol and accelerated weight gain and fat accumulation under high-fat diet.Western Blot and RT-qPCR results suggested that the excretion of bile acids increased in mice after egg consumption.The upregulation of cholesterol synthesis under egg-containing high-fat diets might be responsible for the disrupted cholesterol homeostasis,representing a crucial distinction between the two egg-containing diets.Lipidomics results revealed the changes in abundance of bile acids,phytosterols,Vitamin D3 and phospholipids,and other fecal metabolites following egg consumption.Possible reasons for these changes included alterations in nutrients intake,bioaccessibility and endogenous metabolism.This study emphasized the importance of considering dietary patterns when assessing the effects of egg consumption on cardiovascular diseases risk.
