The global burden of bacterial infections,exacerbated by antimicrobial resistance(AMR),necessitates innovative strategies.Bacterial protein vaccines offer promise by eliciting targeted immunity while circumventing AMR...The global burden of bacterial infections,exacerbated by antimicrobial resistance(AMR),necessitates innovative strategies.Bacterial protein vaccines offer promise by eliciting targeted immunity while circumventing AMR.However,their clinical translation is hindered by their inherently low immunogenicity,often requiring potent adjuvants and advanced delivery systems.Biomembrane nanostructures(e.g.,liposomes,exosomes,and cell membrane-derived nanostructures),characterized by superior biocompatibility,intrinsic targeting ability,and immune-modulating properties,could serve as versatile platforms that potentiate vaccine efficacy by increasing antigen stability,enabling codelivery of immunostimulants,and facilitating targeted delivery to lymphoid tissues/antigen-presenting cells.This intrinsic immunomodulation promotes robust humoral and cellular immune responses to combat bacteria.This review critically reviews(1)key biomembrane nanostructure classes for bacterial protein antigens,(2)design strategies leveraging biomembrane nanostructures to enhance humoral and cellular immune responses,(3)preclinical efficacy against diverse pathogens,and(4)translational challenges and prospects.Biomembrane nanostructure-driven approaches represent a paradigm shift in the development of next-generation bacterial protein vaccines against resistant infections.展开更多
Background The association between inflammation and major depressive disorder(MDD)remains poorly understood,given the heterogeneity of patients with MDD.Aims We investigated inflammatory markers,such as interleukin(IL...Background The association between inflammation and major depressive disorder(MDD)remains poorly understood,given the heterogeneity of patients with MDD.Aims We investigated inflammatory markers,such as interleukin(IL)-6,high-sensitivity C reactive protein(hsCRP)and tumour necrosis factor-α.(TNF-α)in melancholic,atypical and anxious depression and explored whether baseline inflammatory protein levels could indicate prognosis.Methods The sample consisted of participants(aged 18-55 years)from a previously reported multicentre randomised controlled trial with a parallel-group design registered with ClinicalTrials.gov,including melancholic(n=44),atypical(n=37)and anxious(n=44)patients with depression and healthy controls(HCs)(n=33).Subtypes of MDD were classified according to the 30-item Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology,Self-Rated Version and the.17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.Blood levels.of TNF-α,IL-6 and hsCRP were assessed using antibody array analysis.Results Patients with MDD,classified according to melancholic,atypical and anxious depression subtypes,and HCs did not differ significantly in baseline TNF-α,IL-6 and hsCRP levels after adjustment.In patients with anxious depression,hsCRP levels increased significantly if they experienced no pain(adjusted(adj.)p=0.010)or mild to moderate pain(adj.p=0.038)compared with those with severe pain.However,the patients with anxious depression and severe pain showed a lower trend in hsCRP levels than patients with atypical depression who experienced severe pain(p=0.022;adj.p=0.155).Baseline TNF-α(adj.p=0.038)and IL-6(adj.p=0.006)levels in patients in remission were significantly lower than those in patients with no remission among the participants with the atypical depression subtype at the eighth-week follow-up.Conclusions This study provides evidence of differences in inflammatory proteins in patients with varied symptoms among melancholic,atypical and anxious depression subtypes.Further studies on the immunoinflammatory mechanism underlying different subtypes of depression are expected for improved individualised therapy.展开更多
Photovoltaic (PV) modules, as essential components of solar power generation systems, significantly influence unitpower generation costs.The service life of these modules directly affects these costs. Over time, the p...Photovoltaic (PV) modules, as essential components of solar power generation systems, significantly influence unitpower generation costs.The service life of these modules directly affects these costs. Over time, the performanceof PV modules gradually declines due to internal degradation and external environmental factors.This cumulativedegradation impacts the overall reliability of photovoltaic power generation. This study addresses the complexdegradation process of PV modules by developing a two-stage Wiener process model. This approach accountsfor the distinct phases of degradation resulting from module aging and environmental influences. A powerdegradation model based on the two-stage Wiener process is constructed to describe individual differences inmodule degradation processes. To estimate the model parameters, a combination of the Expectation-Maximization(EM) algorithm and the Bayesian method is employed. Furthermore, the Schwarz Information Criterion (SIC) isutilized to identify critical change points in PV module degradation trajectories. To validate the universality andeffectiveness of the proposed method, a comparative analysis is conducted against other established life predictiontechniques for PV modules.展开更多
The self-assembled nanoparticles(SAN)formed during the decoction process of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)exhibit non-uniform particle sizes and a tendency for aggregation.Our group found that the p H-driven method...The self-assembled nanoparticles(SAN)formed during the decoction process of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)exhibit non-uniform particle sizes and a tendency for aggregation.Our group found that the p H-driven method can improve the self-assembly phenomenon of Herpetospermum caudigerum Wall.,and the SAN exhibited uniform particle size and demonstrated good stability.In this paper,we analyzed the interactions between the main active compound,herpetrione(Her),and its main carrier,Herpetospermum caudigerum Wall.polysaccharide(HCWP),along with their self-assembly mechanisms under different p H values.The binding constants of Her and HCWP increase with rising p H,leading to the formation of Her-HCWP SAN with a smaller particle size,higher zeta potential,and improved thermal stability.While the contributions of hydrogen bonding and electrostatic attraction to the formation of Her-HCWP SAN increase with rising p H,the hydrophobic force consistently plays a dominant role.This study enhances our scientific understanding of the self-assembly phenomenon of TCM improved by p H driven method.展开更多
Herein,the surface of Moso bamboo was hydrophobically modified by combining O_(2)/N_(2)plasma treatments with polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)solution treatment as the hydrophobic solution.The effects of plasma treatment pr...Herein,the surface of Moso bamboo was hydrophobically modified by combining O_(2)/N_(2)plasma treatments with polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)solution treatment as the hydrophobic solution.The effects of plasma treatment process(power and time),PDMS solution concentration,and maceration time on the hydrophobic performance of bamboo specimens were studied,and the optimal treatment conditions for improving the hydrophobicity were determined.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),fourier transform infrared(FTIR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)were used to analyze the surface morphology,chemical structure,and functional groups in the specimens before and after the plasma and PDMS solution treatments under optimal conditions.Response surface analysis was also performed to determine the optimal treatment conditions.Results show that the hydrophobic performance of the Moso bamboo surface is effectively improved and the surface energy is reduced after the coordinated treatment.The optimal conditions for improving the hydrophobic performance of Moso bamboo surface are a treatment power of 800 W,treatment time of 15 s,O_(2)flow rate of 1.5 L/min,PDMS solution concentration of 5%,and maceration time of 60 min for O_(2)plasma treatment and a treatment power of 1000 W,treatment time of 15 s,N_(2)flow rate of 1.5 L/min,PDMS solution concentration of 5%,and maceration time of 60 min for N_(2)plasma treatment.After treatment,silicone oil particles and plasma etching traces are observed on the bamboo surface.Moreover,Si-O bonds in the PDMS solution are grafted to the bamboo surface via covalent bonds,thereby increasing the contact angle and decreasing the surface energy to achieve the hydrophobic effect.展开更多
BACKGROUND The progression of diabetic kidney disease(DKD)affects the patient’s kidney glomeruli and tubules,whose normal functioning is essential for maintaining normal calcium(Ca)and phosphorus(P)metabolism in the ...BACKGROUND The progression of diabetic kidney disease(DKD)affects the patient’s kidney glomeruli and tubules,whose normal functioning is essential for maintaining normal calcium(Ca)and phosphorus(P)metabolism in the body.The risk of developing osteoporosis(OP)in patients with DKD increases with the aggravation of the disease,including a higher risk of fractures,which not only affects the quality of life of patients but also increases the risk of death.AIM To analyze the risk factors for the development of OP in patients with DKD and their correlation with Ca-P metabolic indices,fibroblast growth factor 23(FGF23),and Klotho.METHODS One hundred and fifty-eight patients with DKD who were admitted into the Wuhu Second People’s Hospital from September 2019 to May 2021 were selected and divided into an OP group(n=103)and a normal bone mass group(n=55)according to their X-ray bone densitometry results.Baseline data and differences in Ca-P biochemical indices,FGF23,and Klotho were compared.The correlation of Ca-P metabolic indices with FGF23 and Klotho was discussed,and the related factors affecting OP in patients with DKD were examined by multivariate logistic regression analysis.RESULTS The OP group had a higher proportion of females,an older age,and a longer diabetes mellitus duration than the normal group(all P<0.05).Patients in the OP group exhibited significantly higher levels of intact parathyroid hormone(iPTH),blood P,Ca-P product(Ca×P),fractional excretion of phosphate(FeP),and FGF23,as well as lower estimated glomerular filtration rate,blood Ca,24-hour urinary phosphate excretion(24-hour UPE),and Klotho levels(all P<0.05).In the OP group,25-(OH)-D3,blood Ca,and 24-hour UPE were negatively correlated with FGF23 and positively correlated with Klotho.In contrast,iPTH,blood Ca,Ca×P,and FeP exhibited a positive correlation with FGF23 and an inverse association with Klotho(all P<0.05).Moreover,25-(OH)-D3,iPTH,blood Ca,FePO4,FGF23,Klotho,age,and female gender were key factors that affected the lumbar and left femoral neck bone mineral density.CONCLUSION The Ca-P metabolism metabolic indexes,FGF23,and Klotho in patients with DKD are closely related to the occurrence and development of OP.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82573571)the Shanghai 2025 Basic Research Plan Natural Science Foundation(25ZR1401393)the First Batch of Open Topics of the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Nautical Medicine and Translation of Drugs and Medical Devices(2025QN13)。
文摘The global burden of bacterial infections,exacerbated by antimicrobial resistance(AMR),necessitates innovative strategies.Bacterial protein vaccines offer promise by eliciting targeted immunity while circumventing AMR.However,their clinical translation is hindered by their inherently low immunogenicity,often requiring potent adjuvants and advanced delivery systems.Biomembrane nanostructures(e.g.,liposomes,exosomes,and cell membrane-derived nanostructures),characterized by superior biocompatibility,intrinsic targeting ability,and immune-modulating properties,could serve as versatile platforms that potentiate vaccine efficacy by increasing antigen stability,enabling codelivery of immunostimulants,and facilitating targeted delivery to lymphoid tissues/antigen-presenting cells.This intrinsic immunomodulation promotes robust humoral and cellular immune responses to combat bacteria.This review critically reviews(1)key biomembrane nanostructure classes for bacterial protein antigens,(2)design strategies leveraging biomembrane nanostructures to enhance humoral and cellular immune responses,(3)preclinical efficacy against diverse pathogens,and(4)translational challenges and prospects.Biomembrane nanostructure-driven approaches represent a paradigm shift in the development of next-generation bacterial protein vaccines against resistant infections.
基金Key Projects of Clinical Research Center of Shanghai Mental Health Center(grant number CRC2018ZD02)key supporting projects of Clinical Research Center of Shanghai Mental Health Center(grant number SHDC 2020CR6023)+2 种基金Research and DevelopmentProgramof China(grant number 2016YFC1307100)Shanghai Key Project of Science and Technology(grant number 2018SHZDZX05)Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 81771465,81801338 and 81930033).
文摘Background The association between inflammation and major depressive disorder(MDD)remains poorly understood,given the heterogeneity of patients with MDD.Aims We investigated inflammatory markers,such as interleukin(IL)-6,high-sensitivity C reactive protein(hsCRP)and tumour necrosis factor-α.(TNF-α)in melancholic,atypical and anxious depression and explored whether baseline inflammatory protein levels could indicate prognosis.Methods The sample consisted of participants(aged 18-55 years)from a previously reported multicentre randomised controlled trial with a parallel-group design registered with ClinicalTrials.gov,including melancholic(n=44),atypical(n=37)and anxious(n=44)patients with depression and healthy controls(HCs)(n=33).Subtypes of MDD were classified according to the 30-item Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology,Self-Rated Version and the.17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.Blood levels.of TNF-α,IL-6 and hsCRP were assessed using antibody array analysis.Results Patients with MDD,classified according to melancholic,atypical and anxious depression subtypes,and HCs did not differ significantly in baseline TNF-α,IL-6 and hsCRP levels after adjustment.In patients with anxious depression,hsCRP levels increased significantly if they experienced no pain(adjusted(adj.)p=0.010)or mild to moderate pain(adj.p=0.038)compared with those with severe pain.However,the patients with anxious depression and severe pain showed a lower trend in hsCRP levels than patients with atypical depression who experienced severe pain(p=0.022;adj.p=0.155).Baseline TNF-α(adj.p=0.038)and IL-6(adj.p=0.006)levels in patients in remission were significantly lower than those in patients with no remission among the participants with the atypical depression subtype at the eighth-week follow-up.Conclusions This study provides evidence of differences in inflammatory proteins in patients with varied symptoms among melancholic,atypical and anxious depression subtypes.Further studies on the immunoinflammatory mechanism underlying different subtypes of depression are expected for improved individualised therapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51767017)the Basic Research Innovation Group Project of Gansu Province(18JR3RA133)the Industrial Support and Guidance Project of Universities in Gansu Province(2022CYZC-22).
文摘Photovoltaic (PV) modules, as essential components of solar power generation systems, significantly influence unitpower generation costs.The service life of these modules directly affects these costs. Over time, the performanceof PV modules gradually declines due to internal degradation and external environmental factors.This cumulativedegradation impacts the overall reliability of photovoltaic power generation. This study addresses the complexdegradation process of PV modules by developing a two-stage Wiener process model. This approach accountsfor the distinct phases of degradation resulting from module aging and environmental influences. A powerdegradation model based on the two-stage Wiener process is constructed to describe individual differences inmodule degradation processes. To estimate the model parameters, a combination of the Expectation-Maximization(EM) algorithm and the Bayesian method is employed. Furthermore, the Schwarz Information Criterion (SIC) isutilized to identify critical change points in PV module degradation trajectories. To validate the universality andeffectiveness of the proposed method, a comparative analysis is conducted against other established life predictiontechniques for PV modules.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81873092,82174074)。
文摘The self-assembled nanoparticles(SAN)formed during the decoction process of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)exhibit non-uniform particle sizes and a tendency for aggregation.Our group found that the p H-driven method can improve the self-assembly phenomenon of Herpetospermum caudigerum Wall.,and the SAN exhibited uniform particle size and demonstrated good stability.In this paper,we analyzed the interactions between the main active compound,herpetrione(Her),and its main carrier,Herpetospermum caudigerum Wall.polysaccharide(HCWP),along with their self-assembly mechanisms under different p H values.The binding constants of Her and HCWP increase with rising p H,leading to the formation of Her-HCWP SAN with a smaller particle size,higher zeta potential,and improved thermal stability.While the contributions of hydrogen bonding and electrostatic attraction to the formation of Her-HCWP SAN increase with rising p H,the hydrophobic force consistently plays a dominant role.This study enhances our scientific understanding of the self-assembly phenomenon of TCM improved by p H driven method.
基金Zhejiang Provincial Cooperative Forestry Science and Technology Project(No.2023SY05)Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Project(No.2024F1065-2).
文摘Herein,the surface of Moso bamboo was hydrophobically modified by combining O_(2)/N_(2)plasma treatments with polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)solution treatment as the hydrophobic solution.The effects of plasma treatment process(power and time),PDMS solution concentration,and maceration time on the hydrophobic performance of bamboo specimens were studied,and the optimal treatment conditions for improving the hydrophobicity were determined.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),fourier transform infrared(FTIR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)were used to analyze the surface morphology,chemical structure,and functional groups in the specimens before and after the plasma and PDMS solution treatments under optimal conditions.Response surface analysis was also performed to determine the optimal treatment conditions.Results show that the hydrophobic performance of the Moso bamboo surface is effectively improved and the surface energy is reduced after the coordinated treatment.The optimal conditions for improving the hydrophobic performance of Moso bamboo surface are a treatment power of 800 W,treatment time of 15 s,O_(2)flow rate of 1.5 L/min,PDMS solution concentration of 5%,and maceration time of 60 min for O_(2)plasma treatment and a treatment power of 1000 W,treatment time of 15 s,N_(2)flow rate of 1.5 L/min,PDMS solution concentration of 5%,and maceration time of 60 min for N_(2)plasma treatment.After treatment,silicone oil particles and plasma etching traces are observed on the bamboo surface.Moreover,Si-O bonds in the PDMS solution are grafted to the bamboo surface via covalent bonds,thereby increasing the contact angle and decreasing the surface energy to achieve the hydrophobic effect.
文摘BACKGROUND The progression of diabetic kidney disease(DKD)affects the patient’s kidney glomeruli and tubules,whose normal functioning is essential for maintaining normal calcium(Ca)and phosphorus(P)metabolism in the body.The risk of developing osteoporosis(OP)in patients with DKD increases with the aggravation of the disease,including a higher risk of fractures,which not only affects the quality of life of patients but also increases the risk of death.AIM To analyze the risk factors for the development of OP in patients with DKD and their correlation with Ca-P metabolic indices,fibroblast growth factor 23(FGF23),and Klotho.METHODS One hundred and fifty-eight patients with DKD who were admitted into the Wuhu Second People’s Hospital from September 2019 to May 2021 were selected and divided into an OP group(n=103)and a normal bone mass group(n=55)according to their X-ray bone densitometry results.Baseline data and differences in Ca-P biochemical indices,FGF23,and Klotho were compared.The correlation of Ca-P metabolic indices with FGF23 and Klotho was discussed,and the related factors affecting OP in patients with DKD were examined by multivariate logistic regression analysis.RESULTS The OP group had a higher proportion of females,an older age,and a longer diabetes mellitus duration than the normal group(all P<0.05).Patients in the OP group exhibited significantly higher levels of intact parathyroid hormone(iPTH),blood P,Ca-P product(Ca×P),fractional excretion of phosphate(FeP),and FGF23,as well as lower estimated glomerular filtration rate,blood Ca,24-hour urinary phosphate excretion(24-hour UPE),and Klotho levels(all P<0.05).In the OP group,25-(OH)-D3,blood Ca,and 24-hour UPE were negatively correlated with FGF23 and positively correlated with Klotho.In contrast,iPTH,blood Ca,Ca×P,and FeP exhibited a positive correlation with FGF23 and an inverse association with Klotho(all P<0.05).Moreover,25-(OH)-D3,iPTH,blood Ca,FePO4,FGF23,Klotho,age,and female gender were key factors that affected the lumbar and left femoral neck bone mineral density.CONCLUSION The Ca-P metabolism metabolic indexes,FGF23,and Klotho in patients with DKD are closely related to the occurrence and development of OP.
