In January 2024,the Chinese Year of the Loong,how to translate the Chinese character Long went viral on the Internet.Taking the English translation of Long as an example,this study tends to make a tentative analysis o...In January 2024,the Chinese Year of the Loong,how to translate the Chinese character Long went viral on the Internet.Taking the English translation of Long as an example,this study tends to make a tentative analysis of the application of translation strategies in the macro context of the dissemination of Chinese culture.Moreover,it probes into the phenomenon of Chinese cultural aphasia by analyzing the domestication and foreignization of Long in three aspects.The three attitudes provided ought to be addressed in the Chinese-English translations.This study emphasizes enhancing translators’cultural awareness and their cultural confidence in the process of translating the source language to the target language.展开更多
Thin films of silicon carbide nitride （SiCN） were prepared on （111） oriented silicon substrates by pulsed high-energy density plasma （PHEDP）. The evolution of the chemical bonding states between silicon, nitroge...Thin films of silicon carbide nitride （SiCN） were prepared on （111） oriented silicon substrates by pulsed high-energy density plasma （PHEDP）. The evolution of the chemical bonding states between silicon, nitrogen and carbon was investigated as a function of discharge voltage using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. With an increase in discharge voltage both the C 1s and N 1s spectra shift to lower binding energy due to the formation of C--Si and N--Si bonds. The Si--C--N bonds were observed in the deconvolved C ls and N ls spectra. The X-ray diffractometer （XRD） results show that there were no crystals in the films. The thickness of the films was approximately 1-2 μm with scanning electron microscopy （SEM）.展开更多
Frequent occurrence of large-scale cascading trip-off of wind turbine raises the concern about the decision process of ordered control of reactive power compensation devices. The theory of fuzzy multi-attribute decisi...Frequent occurrence of large-scale cascading trip-off of wind turbine raises the concern about the decision process of ordered control of reactive power compensation devices. The theory of fuzzy multi-attribute decision making is adopted to ascertain the action sequence of reactive power compensation devices. First, a set of evaluation indexes including control sensitivity, regulation margin, response time, response level and cost is set up, and fuzziness of the proposed qualitative indexes is introduced to make them comparable to the proposed quantitative indexes. Then a method to calculate fuzzy weight of each index is put forward for evaluating relative importance of the proposed indexes. Finally, the action sequence of reactive power compensation devices is determined through the theory of fuzzy compromise decision making. The case study shows that the proposed method is effective to obtain the action sequence of reactive power compensation device which correspond to experience.展开更多
When the permanent magnet high-speed Electrical Multiple Unit(EMU)train runs at extremely high speeds,it is necessary to solve the problem of optimal exertion of wheel-rail adhesion to ensure the adhesion utilization ...When the permanent magnet high-speed Electrical Multiple Unit(EMU)train runs at extremely high speeds,it is necessary to solve the problem of optimal exertion of wheel-rail adhesion to ensure the adhesion utilization rate of the train and the smooth and safe operation of the vehicle.To improve the adhesion utilization rate of the train and passenger comfort,this paper proposes an adaptive adhesion utilization control strategy for permanent magnet high-speed EMU trains.This method automatically identifies the wheelrail state,matches the wheel-rail adhesion characteristics,automatically adjusts the adhesion control parameters according to the wheelset idling and sliding state,reduces the fluctuation range of traction force,improves the stability of traction force exertion and effectively improves the adhesion utilization control performance of the permanent magnet high-speed EMU train.Both simulation and experimental tests demonstrate this method’s superiority over traditional control methods.It has been shown to enhance adhesion utilization efficiency by over 5%and to significantly narrow the traction force adjustment range by more than 10%.It also improves passenger comfort indicators such as train stability and comfort,and enhances the safety of train operation.展开更多
Melanoma is the deadliest type of skin cancer and which has a high ability of metastasis.Surgery is an effective method to treat I or II stage melanoma patients.However,there are few treatment options for metastatic m...Melanoma is the deadliest type of skin cancer and which has a high ability of metastasis.Surgery is an effective method to treat I or II stage melanoma patients.However,there are few treatment options for metastatic melanoma.Gene therapy is one of the attractive options and is considered as the future direction for treating melanoma.This review mainly discusses the properties and challenges of the various gene therapies in melanoma,especially the delivery systems and gene targeting.展开更多
A novel approach for fabricating branched-chain （BC） carbohydrate chips to study carbohydrate-protein interactions using Quartz Crystal Microbalance （QCM） biosensor was developed. This approach utilizes functional...A novel approach for fabricating branched-chain （BC） carbohydrate chips to study carbohydrate-protein interactions using Quartz Crystal Microbalance （QCM） biosensor was developed. This approach utilizes functional alkynyl-branch molecule modified chip surfaces, which through the terminal alkynyl group for covalent linking of unprotected azide-carbohydrates. The unprotected azide-carbohydrates were syhthesized in one-step using 2-azido-l,B-dimethylqmidazolinium as catalyst, avoiding complex chemical modifications. Additionally, the branch surface modified with the carbohydrates not only supplies more specific binding site but also reveals significant cluster effect. To exemplify the sugar cluster effect on BC carbohydrate chips, BC Galactose and Mannose chips prepared in this work were used to determine carbohydrate-lectin interactions using QCM biosensor. The results clearly showed that BC chip significantly improves the detection sensitivity compared with the straight-chain （SC） chip. More importantly, the BC galactose chip sensitivity was enhanced 40% compared with the SC galactose chip.展开更多
Three-stranded chromatin structure R-loops are thought to be formed co-transcriptionally with newly synthesized RNA behind RNA polymerases,and play essential biological roles(Costantino and Koshland,2015;Santos-Pereir...Three-stranded chromatin structure R-loops are thought to be formed co-transcriptionally with newly synthesized RNA behind RNA polymerases,and play essential biological roles(Costantino and Koshland,2015;Santos-Pereira and Aguilera,2015;Crossley et al.,2019;Garcia-Muse and Aguilera,2019;Niehrs and Luke,2020;Zhou et al .,2022).展开更多
Nucleosomes are the fundamental unit of chromatin.Chromatin remodeler plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes.It is involved in important physiological processes,such as development,imm...Nucleosomes are the fundamental unit of chromatin.Chromatin remodeler plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes.It is involved in important physiological processes,such as development,immune response,and metabolic regulation.During gene expression regulation,chromatin remodelers slide nucleosomes along genomic DNA and play a major role in chromatin organization.Chd1 senses the extranucleosomal linker DNA and controls nucleosome spacing in cells.However,the mechanism of linker DNA sensing by Chd1 is not completely understood.Here,we report the cryo-electron microscope(cryoEM)structures of Chd1 engaging nucleosomes in different states.Chd1 induces two exit-DNA conformations,either fully wrapped or partially unwrapped states.Notably,in the unwrapped conformation,the exit DNA interacts with a positively charged loop of the motor,named the exit-DNA binding loop,and traps Chd1 in the closed state in the ATPase cycle,suggesting attenuation of its remodeling activity.Explored single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer(smFRET)and biochemical data supported the regulation of Chd1 remodeling activity by the exit-DNA conformations,which is important for the linker DNA sensitivity.Mutants of the Chd1 exit-DNA binding loop compromised nucleosome organization in yeast cells.Together,our findings provide valuable insights into Chd1 regulation by exit DNA unwrapping.These results provide a new perspective for the study of cell development and metabolism.展开更多
With the development of wind energy,it is necessary to develop equivalent models to represent dynamic behaviors of wind farms in power systems.The equivalent wind method is investigated for the aggregation of doubly-f...With the development of wind energy,it is necessary to develop equivalent models to represent dynamic behaviors of wind farms in power systems.The equivalent wind method is investigated for the aggregation of doubly-fed induction generator wind turbines.The detailed procedures for the calculation of equivalent wind are analyzed.The necessity of classifying incoming winds is shown.To improve the performances of the method,incoming winds are classified according to mean wind speeds and positive/negative semi-variances of wind speeds,and a group of turbines with similar incoming winds are aggregated together.The effectiveness of the method is verified through simulations in MATLAB/Simulink.展开更多
Well-designed indoor scenes incorporate interior design knowledge,which has been an essential prior for most indoor scene modeling methods.However,the layout qualities of indoor scene datasets are often uneven,and mos...Well-designed indoor scenes incorporate interior design knowledge,which has been an essential prior for most indoor scene modeling methods.However,the layout qualities of indoor scene datasets are often uneven,and most existing data-driven methods do not differentiate indoor scene examples in terms of quality.In this work,we aim to explore an approach that leverages datasets with differentiated indoor scene examples for indoor scene modeling.Our solution conducts subjective evaluations on lightweight datasets having various room configurations and furniture layouts,via pairwise comparisons based on fuzzy set theory.We also develop a system to use such examples to guide indoor scene modeling using user-specified objects.Specifically,we focus on object groups associated with certain human activities,and define room features to encode the relations between the position and direction of an object group and the room configuration.To perform indoor scene modeling,given an empty room,our system first assesses it in terms of the user-specified object groups,and then places associated objects in the room guided by the assessment results.A series of experimental results and comparisons to state-of-the-art indoor scene synthesis methods are presented to validate the usefulness and effectiveness of our approach.展开更多
Major challenges for cancer treatment are how to effectively eliminate primary tumor and sufficiently induce immunogenic cell death(ICD)to provoke a robust immune response for metastasis control.Here,a self-assembled ...Major challenges for cancer treatment are how to effectively eliminate primary tumor and sufficiently induce immunogenic cell death(ICD)to provoke a robust immune response for metastasis control.Here,a self-assembled cascade bioreactor was developed to improve cancer treatment with enhanced tumor penetration and synergistic therapy of starvation,chemodynamic(CDT)and photothermal therapy.Ultrasmall Fe S-GOx nanodots were synthesized with glucose oxidase(GOx)as template and induced by paclitaxel(PTX)to form self-assembling Fe S-GOx@PTX(FGP)via hydrophobic interaction.After accumulated at tumor sites,FGP disassembles to smaller Fe S-GOx for enhanced deep tumor penetration.GOx maintains high enzymatic activity to catalyze glucose with assistant of oxygen to generate hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)as starvation therapy.Fenton reaction involving the regenerated H_(2)O_(2) in turn produced more hydroxyl radicals for enhanced CDT.Following near-infrared laser at 808 nm,FGPs displayed pronounced tumor inhibition in vitro and in vivo by the combination therapy.The consequent increased exposure to calreticulin amplified ICD and promoted dendritic cells maturation.In combination with anti-CTLA4 checkpoint blockade,FGP can absolutely eliminate primary tumor and avidly inhibit distant tumors due to the enhanced intratumoral infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.Our work presents a promising strategy for primary tumor and metastasis inhibition.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are attracting considerable attention because of their high safety compared with conventional lithium-ion batteries.Manganese-based materials have been widely developed for zinc-ion batterie...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are attracting considerable attention because of their high safety compared with conventional lithium-ion batteries.Manganese-based materials have been widely developed for zinc-ion batteries cathode owning to their low cost,high security and simple preparation.However,the severe volume expansion and poor stability during charging and discharging limit the further development of manganese-based cathodes.Herein,superiorα-MnO_(2)@g-C_(3)N_(4)was successfully prepared for stable zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)cathode by introducing g-C_(3)N_(4)nanosheets.Compared with pureα-MnO_(2),αMnO_(2)@g-C_(3)N_(4)has a specific capacity of 298 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1 A·g^(-1).Even at 1 A·g^(-1),theα-MnO_(2)@g-C_(3)N_(4)still retains 100 mAh·g^(-1)(83.4%retention after 5000 cycles),implying its excellent cycling stability.Theα-MnO_(2)@gC_(3)N_(4)-based cathode has the highest energy density(563 Wh·kg^(-1))and power energy density(2170 W·kg^(-1)).This work provides new avenues for the development of a wider range of cathode materials for ZIBs.展开更多
文摘In January 2024,the Chinese Year of the Loong,how to translate the Chinese character Long went viral on the Internet.Taking the English translation of Long as an example,this study tends to make a tentative analysis of the application of translation strategies in the macro context of the dissemination of Chinese culture.Moreover,it probes into the phenomenon of Chinese cultural aphasia by analyzing the domestication and foreignization of Long in three aspects.The three attitudes provided ought to be addressed in the Chinese-English translations.This study emphasizes enhancing translators’cultural awareness and their cultural confidence in the process of translating the source language to the target language.
文摘Thin films of silicon carbide nitride （SiCN） were prepared on （111） oriented silicon substrates by pulsed high-energy density plasma （PHEDP）. The evolution of the chemical bonding states between silicon, nitrogen and carbon was investigated as a function of discharge voltage using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. With an increase in discharge voltage both the C 1s and N 1s spectra shift to lower binding energy due to the formation of C--Si and N--Si bonds. The Si--C--N bonds were observed in the deconvolved C ls and N ls spectra. The X-ray diffractometer （XRD） results show that there were no crystals in the films. The thickness of the films was approximately 1-2 μm with scanning electron microscopy （SEM）.
文摘Frequent occurrence of large-scale cascading trip-off of wind turbine raises the concern about the decision process of ordered control of reactive power compensation devices. The theory of fuzzy multi-attribute decision making is adopted to ascertain the action sequence of reactive power compensation devices. First, a set of evaluation indexes including control sensitivity, regulation margin, response time, response level and cost is set up, and fuzziness of the proposed qualitative indexes is introduced to make them comparable to the proposed quantitative indexes. Then a method to calculate fuzzy weight of each index is put forward for evaluating relative importance of the proposed indexes. Finally, the action sequence of reactive power compensation devices is determined through the theory of fuzzy compromise decision making. The case study shows that the proposed method is effective to obtain the action sequence of reactive power compensation device which correspond to experience.
文摘When the permanent magnet high-speed Electrical Multiple Unit(EMU)train runs at extremely high speeds,it is necessary to solve the problem of optimal exertion of wheel-rail adhesion to ensure the adhesion utilization rate of the train and the smooth and safe operation of the vehicle.To improve the adhesion utilization rate of the train and passenger comfort,this paper proposes an adaptive adhesion utilization control strategy for permanent magnet high-speed EMU trains.This method automatically identifies the wheelrail state,matches the wheel-rail adhesion characteristics,automatically adjusts the adhesion control parameters according to the wheelset idling and sliding state,reduces the fluctuation range of traction force,improves the stability of traction force exertion and effectively improves the adhesion utilization control performance of the permanent magnet high-speed EMU train.Both simulation and experimental tests demonstrate this method’s superiority over traditional control methods.It has been shown to enhance adhesion utilization efficiency by over 5%and to significantly narrow the traction force adjustment range by more than 10%.It also improves passenger comfort indicators such as train stability and comfort,and enhances the safety of train operation.
基金the National Students’platform for innovation and entrepreneurship training program(No.201910291095Z,China).
文摘Melanoma is the deadliest type of skin cancer and which has a high ability of metastasis.Surgery is an effective method to treat I or II stage melanoma patients.However,there are few treatment options for metastatic melanoma.Gene therapy is one of the attractive options and is considered as the future direction for treating melanoma.This review mainly discusses the properties and challenges of the various gene therapies in melanoma,especially the delivery systems and gene targeting.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31270861 and 21572181)for financial support
文摘A novel approach for fabricating branched-chain （BC） carbohydrate chips to study carbohydrate-protein interactions using Quartz Crystal Microbalance （QCM） biosensor was developed. This approach utilizes functional alkynyl-branch molecule modified chip surfaces, which through the terminal alkynyl group for covalent linking of unprotected azide-carbohydrates. The unprotected azide-carbohydrates were syhthesized in one-step using 2-azido-l,B-dimethylqmidazolinium as catalyst, avoiding complex chemical modifications. Additionally, the branch surface modified with the carbohydrates not only supplies more specific binding site but also reveals significant cluster effect. To exemplify the sugar cluster effect on BC carbohydrate chips, BC Galactose and Mannose chips prepared in this work were used to determine carbohydrate-lectin interactions using QCM biosensor. The results clearly showed that BC chip significantly improves the detection sensitivity compared with the straight-chain （SC） chip. More importantly, the BC galactose chip sensitivity was enhanced 40% compared with the SC galactose chip.
基金the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology for facility and financial supportsupported by grants from Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology (Number 041301470)
文摘Three-stranded chromatin structure R-loops are thought to be formed co-transcriptionally with newly synthesized RNA behind RNA polymerases,and play essential biological roles(Costantino and Koshland,2015;Santos-Pereira and Aguilera,2015;Crossley et al.,2019;Garcia-Muse and Aguilera,2019;Niehrs and Luke,2020;Zhou et al .,2022).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(20211310041)the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(7244333)+1 种基金the Beijing Hospitals Authority’s Ascent Plan(DFL20241201)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(232300421039).
文摘Nucleosomes are the fundamental unit of chromatin.Chromatin remodeler plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes.It is involved in important physiological processes,such as development,immune response,and metabolic regulation.During gene expression regulation,chromatin remodelers slide nucleosomes along genomic DNA and play a major role in chromatin organization.Chd1 senses the extranucleosomal linker DNA and controls nucleosome spacing in cells.However,the mechanism of linker DNA sensing by Chd1 is not completely understood.Here,we report the cryo-electron microscope(cryoEM)structures of Chd1 engaging nucleosomes in different states.Chd1 induces two exit-DNA conformations,either fully wrapped or partially unwrapped states.Notably,in the unwrapped conformation,the exit DNA interacts with a positively charged loop of the motor,named the exit-DNA binding loop,and traps Chd1 in the closed state in the ATPase cycle,suggesting attenuation of its remodeling activity.Explored single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer(smFRET)and biochemical data supported the regulation of Chd1 remodeling activity by the exit-DNA conformations,which is important for the linker DNA sensitivity.Mutants of the Chd1 exit-DNA binding loop compromised nucleosome organization in yeast cells.Together,our findings provide valuable insights into Chd1 regulation by exit DNA unwrapping.These results provide a new perspective for the study of cell development and metabolism.
基金This study was supported by Science Founda-tion of Jiangsu Province(No.BK2011137)National Key Technology R&D Program(No.2011BAA07B03)State Grid Corporation of China,2012 research and demonstration project on the key technol-ogies for large scale grid friendly wind farms.
文摘With the development of wind energy,it is necessary to develop equivalent models to represent dynamic behaviors of wind farms in power systems.The equivalent wind method is investigated for the aggregation of doubly-fed induction generator wind turbines.The detailed procedures for the calculation of equivalent wind are analyzed.The necessity of classifying incoming winds is shown.To improve the performances of the method,incoming winds are classified according to mean wind speeds and positive/negative semi-variances of wind speeds,and a group of turbines with similar incoming winds are aggregated together.The effectiveness of the method is verified through simulations in MATLAB/Simulink.
基金This work was partially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61902032)Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(CityU 11237116)City University of Hong Kong(7004915).
文摘Well-designed indoor scenes incorporate interior design knowledge,which has been an essential prior for most indoor scene modeling methods.However,the layout qualities of indoor scene datasets are often uneven,and most existing data-driven methods do not differentiate indoor scene examples in terms of quality.In this work,we aim to explore an approach that leverages datasets with differentiated indoor scene examples for indoor scene modeling.Our solution conducts subjective evaluations on lightweight datasets having various room configurations and furniture layouts,via pairwise comparisons based on fuzzy set theory.We also develop a system to use such examples to guide indoor scene modeling using user-specified objects.Specifically,we focus on object groups associated with certain human activities,and define room features to encode the relations between the position and direction of an object group and the room configuration.To perform indoor scene modeling,given an empty room,our system first assesses it in terms of the user-specified object groups,and then places associated objects in the room guided by the assessment results.A series of experimental results and comparisons to state-of-the-art indoor scene synthesis methods are presented to validate the usefulness and effectiveness of our approach.
基金financially supported by the Youth Foundation of Jiangsu province(No.BK20180699,China)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81803439,and 81703940)。
文摘Major challenges for cancer treatment are how to effectively eliminate primary tumor and sufficiently induce immunogenic cell death(ICD)to provoke a robust immune response for metastasis control.Here,a self-assembled cascade bioreactor was developed to improve cancer treatment with enhanced tumor penetration and synergistic therapy of starvation,chemodynamic(CDT)and photothermal therapy.Ultrasmall Fe S-GOx nanodots were synthesized with glucose oxidase(GOx)as template and induced by paclitaxel(PTX)to form self-assembling Fe S-GOx@PTX(FGP)via hydrophobic interaction.After accumulated at tumor sites,FGP disassembles to smaller Fe S-GOx for enhanced deep tumor penetration.GOx maintains high enzymatic activity to catalyze glucose with assistant of oxygen to generate hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)as starvation therapy.Fenton reaction involving the regenerated H_(2)O_(2) in turn produced more hydroxyl radicals for enhanced CDT.Following near-infrared laser at 808 nm,FGPs displayed pronounced tumor inhibition in vitro and in vivo by the combination therapy.The consequent increased exposure to calreticulin amplified ICD and promoted dendritic cells maturation.In combination with anti-CTLA4 checkpoint blockade,FGP can absolutely eliminate primary tumor and avidly inhibit distant tumors due to the enhanced intratumoral infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.Our work presents a promising strategy for primary tumor and metastasis inhibition.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant Nos.ZR2019MB019,ZR2019QB023)for financial support.
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are attracting considerable attention because of their high safety compared with conventional lithium-ion batteries.Manganese-based materials have been widely developed for zinc-ion batteries cathode owning to their low cost,high security and simple preparation.However,the severe volume expansion and poor stability during charging and discharging limit the further development of manganese-based cathodes.Herein,superiorα-MnO_(2)@g-C_(3)N_(4)was successfully prepared for stable zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)cathode by introducing g-C_(3)N_(4)nanosheets.Compared with pureα-MnO_(2),αMnO_(2)@g-C_(3)N_(4)has a specific capacity of 298 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1 A·g^(-1).Even at 1 A·g^(-1),theα-MnO_(2)@g-C_(3)N_(4)still retains 100 mAh·g^(-1)(83.4%retention after 5000 cycles),implying its excellent cycling stability.Theα-MnO_(2)@gC_(3)N_(4)-based cathode has the highest energy density(563 Wh·kg^(-1))and power energy density(2170 W·kg^(-1)).This work provides new avenues for the development of a wider range of cathode materials for ZIBs.
