The photothermal properties of dielectric materials at the nanoscale have garnered significant attention,especially in fields such as optical heating,photothermal therapy,and solar utilization.However,although dielect...The photothermal properties of dielectric materials at the nanoscale have garnered significant attention,especially in fields such as optical heating,photothermal therapy,and solar utilization.However,although dielectric materials can concentrate and manipulate light at the nanoscale,they cannot provide sufficient photothermal efficiency in a direct absorption solar collector.Combining plasmonic metal nanoparticles with dielectric nanostructures enables the fabrication of hybrid nanomaterials with excellent photothermal performance.This study presents a novel approach involving uniformly adhering plasmonic gold nanoparticles onto dielectric silicon nanoparticles to enhance the absorption peak,leading to a substantial enhancement of photothermal conversion efficiency.The results demonstrate that the absorption peak of silicon-gold hybrid nanoparticles exceeds that of pure silicon nanoparticles,achieving a 38%increase in photothermal conversion efficiency within a 10 ppm aqueous solution under a 20 mm optical path.The coupling of localized surface plasmon resonance and quadrupole resonance effects enhances the electric field,causing a temperature rise in both the hybrid nanoparticles and the surrounding aqueous solution.Nanostructural modulation studies reveal that the photothermal efficiency of silicon-gold hybrid nanoparticles is positively correlated with gold nanoparticle size but negatively correlated with silicon nanoparticle size.Combining multiple plasmonic nanoparticles with dielectric materials can effectively enhance photothermal performance and hold great application potential in direct absorption solar collectors and solar thermal utilization.展开更多
Direct absorption solar collectors use nanofluids to absorb and convert solar radiation. Despite the limitations of the photothermal properties of these nanofluids within the absorption spectra range, modifying the su...Direct absorption solar collectors use nanofluids to absorb and convert solar radiation. Despite the limitations of the photothermal properties of these nanofluids within the absorption spectra range, modifying the surface structure of the nanoparticles can broaden their absorption spectrum, thereby significantly improving the solar thermal conversion efficiency. This paper utilizes the finite element method to investigate the influence of surface pits on the photothermal properties of plasmonic nanoparticles, considering both material composition and surface micro-nano structures. Based on the findings, a novel Ti N nanoparticle is proposed to enhance photothermal performance. This nanoparticle exhibits the lowest average reflectance(0.0145) in the 300–1100 nm wavelength range and the highest light absorption intensity across the solar spectrum, enabling highly efficient solar energy conversion. It not only reduces material costs but also effectively broadens the light absorption spectrum of spherical plasmonic nanoparticles. The distributions of the electric field, magnetic field, and energy field of the nanoparticles indicate that the combination of the “lightning rod” effect and surface plasmon resonance(SPR) significantly enhances both the electric and magnetic fields, thereby increasing the localized heating effect and improving the photothermal performance. Additionally, the number and size of the pits have a significant impact on the absorption efficiency(η_(abs)) of TiN nanoparticles. When the surface of the nanoparticles has 38 pits, η_(abs) can reach90%, with the minimum optical penetration depth(h) of the nanofluid being 7 mm and the minimum volume fraction(f_(v))being 6.95×10^(-6). This study demonstrates that nanoparticles with micro-nano structures have immense potential in solar thermal applications, particularly in the field of direct absorption solar collectors.展开更多
A highly efficient absorber with features including lightweight, broad bandwidth, and tunable electromagnetic property still remains challenging for practical applications. Herein, the Porphyra-derived porous carbon(P...A highly efficient absorber with features including lightweight, broad bandwidth, and tunable electromagnetic property still remains challenging for practical applications. Herein, the Porphyra-derived porous carbon(PPC) was fabricated via facile procedures of low-temperature pre-carbonization combined with KOH chemical activation. The composition, microstructure, and electromagnetic wave absorption properties of the samples were elucidated based on X-ray diffraction(XRD), Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM),Brunauer-Emmer-Teller(BET), and vector network analyzer(VNA). The porosity of PPC can be readily regulated by adjusting activation temperature. The PPC obtained at 750 ℃ was composed of a threedimensional hierarchically porous carbon network. The C and N elements of natural Porphyra were introduced into the carbon skeleton during the carbonization process. The large specific surface, dopants, and three-dimensional hierarchically porous carbon network can effectively improve the impedance matching and dielectric dissipation, leading to an excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance. Especially, the optimal reflection loss(RL) value reached –57.75 d B at 9.68 GHz with a broad bandwidth(RL< –10 d B) value of 7.60 GHz at 3.5 mm. Overall, the results indicate that the PPC can provide a new way to achieve lightweight, effective, and sustainable absorbers.展开更多
Late fusion multi-view clustering(LFMVC)algorithms aim to integrate the base partition of each single view into a consensus partition.Base partitions can be obtained by performing kernel k-means clustering on all view...Late fusion multi-view clustering(LFMVC)algorithms aim to integrate the base partition of each single view into a consensus partition.Base partitions can be obtained by performing kernel k-means clustering on all views.This type of method is not only computationally efficient,but also more accurate than multiple kernel k-means,and is thus widely used in the multi-view clustering context.LFMVC improves computational efficiency to the extent that the computational complexity of each iteration is reduced from Oen3T to OenT(where n is the number of samples).However,LFMVC also limits the search space of the optimal solution,meaning that the clustering results obtained are not ideal.Accordingly,in order to obtain more information from each base partition and thus improve the clustering performance,we propose a new late fusion multi-view clustering algorithm with a computational complexity of Oen2T.Experiments on several commonly used datasets demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can reach quickly convergence.Moreover,compared with other late fusion algorithms with computational complexity of OenT,the actual time consumption of the proposed algorithm does not significantly increase.At the same time,comparisons with several other state-of-the-art algorithms reveal that the proposed algorithm also obtains the best clustering performance.展开更多
A new method for production of ammonium metatungstate (AMT) directly from ammonium tungstate solution—Donnan dialysis method is advanced. Laboratory experiments are conducted by a Donnan dialysis cell with the membra...A new method for production of ammonium metatungstate (AMT) directly from ammonium tungstate solution—Donnan dialysis method is advanced. Laboratory experiments are conducted by a Donnan dialysis cell with the membrane area of 140 mm×200 mm. The result shows that the transformation rate of AMT reaches 370 g WO 3/(m 2·h), the recovery ratio of AMT by the Donnan dialysis method is nearly 100%, and the loss of tungsten is less than 0.2%. It has been proved that the Donnan dialysis method is effective for production of AMT.展开更多
Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs)are widely used in many fields.Due to their high throughput and high level of computing characteristics,however,an increasing number of researchers are focusing on how to improve the...Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs)are widely used in many fields.Due to their high throughput and high level of computing characteristics,however,an increasing number of researchers are focusing on how to improve the computational efficiency,hardware utilization,or flexibility of CNN hardware accelerators.Accordingly,this paper proposes a dynamically reconfigurable accelerator architecture that implements a Sparse-Winograd F(2×2.3×3)-based high-parallelism hardware architecture.This approach not only eliminates the pre-calculation complexity associated with the Winograd algorithm,thereby reducing the difficulty of hardware implementation,but also greatly improves the flexibility of the hardware;as a result,the accelerator can realize the calculation of Conventional Convolution,Grouped Convolution(GCONV)or Depthwise Separable Convolution(DSC)using the same hardware architecture.Our experimental results show that the accelerator achieves a 3x–4.14x speedup compared with the designs that do not use the acceleration algorithm on VGG-16 and MobileNet V1.Moreover,compared with previous designs using the traditional Winograd algorithm,the accelerator design achieves 1.4x–1.8x speedup.At the same time,the efficiency of the multiplier improves by up to 142%.展开更多
Cobalt-free LiNiO_(2)(LNO)is considered a promising cathode for its high energy density and costeffectiveness.However,its structural instability under deep delithiation severely limits practical application in nextgen...Cobalt-free LiNiO_(2)(LNO)is considered a promising cathode for its high energy density and costeffectiveness.However,its structural instability under deep delithiation severely limits practical application in nextgeneration batteries.Herein,we propose a high-valence Mo6+doping strategy to simultaneously improve mechanical robustness and electrochemical stability.By stabilizing intergranular interfaces,this method effectively suppresses mechanical degradation induced by lattice strain under deep delithiation.The modified cathode exhibits exceptional electrochemical performance,achieving a specific capacity of 234 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1 C with 83.4% retention over 100 cycles at 45℃ in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).Notably,it maintains comparable efficacy in all-solid-state batteries(ASSBs),delivering 239 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.05 C and 82.8% retention after 300 cycles.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations demonstrate a pronounced rise in oxygen vacancy formation energy,increasing from 1.42 to 3.27 eV.These findings offer valuable insights into overcoming the kinetic performance limitations of cobalt-free LNO under deep delithiation conditions.展开更多
Atomically dispersed nanozymes have garnered immense attention within the biomedical field,while precisely designing these nanozymes and elucidating their intricate structure-performance relationships of their structu...Atomically dispersed nanozymes have garnered immense attention within the biomedical field,while precisely designing these nanozymes and elucidating their intricate structure-performance relationships of their structures and antibacterial performance remain the formidable challenges.Herein,we fabricated defect-rich graphene supported layered Ir cluster nanozymes for antibacterial applications.Steady-state kinetic experiments revealed that the layered Ir clusters exhibited the higher catalytic efficiency of 1.16 mM^(−1)·s^(−1)with 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB)and 0.18 mM^(−1)·s^(−1)with H_(2)O_(2),compared to Ir nanoparticle(0.55 and 0.1 mM^(−1)·s^(−1))and the atomically dispersed Ir single-atom nanozyme(SAzyme)(0.3 and 0.039 mM^(−1)·s^(−1))and other previously reported single-atom nanozymes.Moreover,both experimental results and density functional theory studies disclosed that the layered Ir clusters exhibited the enhanced ability to facilitate the conversion of hydrogen peroxide into hydroxyl free radicals,signifying the higher catalytic efficiency than that on Ir nanoparticles and Ir single-atoms.Notably,the Ir cluster nanozyme with robust peroxidase-like activity had 100%antimicrobial rate against E.coli and S.aureus,underscoring its potential applications in antibacterial fields.展开更多
The pursuit of energy conservation and environmental protection has always been a hot topic in the catalytic fields,which is inseparable from the rational designing of efficient catalysts and an in-depth understanding...The pursuit of energy conservation and environmental protection has always been a hot topic in the catalytic fields,which is inseparable from the rational designing of efficient catalysts and an in-depth understanding of the catalytic reaction mechanism.In this work,fully-exposed Pt clusters were fabricated on the atomically dispersed Sn decorated nanodiamond/graphene(Sn-ND@G)hybrid support and employed for direct dehydrogenation(DDH)of ethylbenzene(EB)to styrene(ST).The detailed structural characterizations revealed the fully-exposed Pt clusters were stabilized on Sn-ND@G,assisted by the spatial separation of atomically dispersed Sn species.The as-prepared Pt/Sn-ND@G catalyst showed enhanced ST yield(136.2 molEB·molpt-1·h-1 EB conversion rate and 99.7%ST selectivity)and robust long-term stability at 500℃for the EB DDH reaction,compared with the traditional ND@G supported Pt nanoparticle catalyst(Pt/ND@G).The ST prefers to desorb from the fully-exposed Pt clusters,resulting in the enhanced DDH catalytic performance of the Pt/Sn-ND@G catalyst.The present work paves a new way for designing highly dispersed and stable supported metal catalysts for DDH reactions.展开更多
To display the distribution characteristics of turbulence eddy under condition of complex terrain in Loess Plateau,and to enhance the precision of turbulence measurements,the research of turbulence ergodicity is consi...To display the distribution characteristics of turbulence eddy under condition of complex terrain in Loess Plateau,and to enhance the precision of turbulence measurements,the research of turbulence ergodicity is considered to be the prior section of the experiment.With the statistics of single-site turbulence measurements obtained in Baimiao Tableland,Ping Liang,Gan Su,analysis result shows that not only the turbulence with scale less than 10 min,which can easily satisfy the ergodicity,the tableland terrain can also be a major cause of the coherent structure of periodic,large-scale turbulence;compared to which for the turbulence above the flat underlying surface,the distribution of 10–40 min,large-scale turbulence in the tableland region tends to be more steady and,thus,can also satisfy the ergodicity easily.Under the condition of extremely unstable stratification,the wind is comparatively low in speed and features distinctly large-scale,periodical fluctuation,and with the trend of smooth increase in temperature,large-scale wind turbulence and temperature turbulence both tend to satisfy ergodicity.In comparison,under the condition of extremely stable stratification,the aperiodicity of large-scale wind turbulence and temperature turbulence caused by intermittency is comparatively strong,and the turbulence cannot satisfy ergodicity easily.展开更多
To explore a novel producing strategy for enhancing antioxidant activity and aroma of low-ethanol kiwi wine,kiwifruit juice was sequential fermentation with indigenous Zygosaccharomyces rouxii(Zr)and Saccharomyces cer...To explore a novel producing strategy for enhancing antioxidant activity and aroma of low-ethanol kiwi wine,kiwifruit juice was sequential fermentation with indigenous Zygosaccharomyces rouxii(Zr)and Saccharomyces cerevisiae(Sc)without adding sugars.The organic acids,bioactive compounds,volatile constituents,antioxidant capacities and sensory profiles were measured to evaluate the performance of different inoculation ratios.The results indicated that compared with pure fermentation of Sc,the sequential fermentations significantly increased the total flavonoids,total phenols,some mono-phenols and antioxidant activities of the low-ethanol kiwi wines,and resulted in a positive effect on organic acids mainly by reducing the content of malic acid.At the same time,sequential fermentations significantly enhanced the aroma profile of the low-ethanol kiwi wines.The higher inoculation ratio of Zr greatly increased the complexity of the volatiles,improving sweet odor of the wines.While the similar inoculation ratio of Zr and Sc significantly increased the volatile contents,intensifying the tropical fruity and kernel fruity.In addition,the partial least-squares regression analysis showed that aldehydes resulted in sourness,ethyl esters and acetate esters possessed a positive impact on tropical fruity and kernel fruity.展开更多
The decarbonization of the chemical industry and a shift toward circular economies because of high global CO_(2) emissions make CO_(2) an attractive feedstock for manufacturing chemicals.Moreover,H_(2) is a low-cost a...The decarbonization of the chemical industry and a shift toward circular economies because of high global CO_(2) emissions make CO_(2) an attractive feedstock for manufacturing chemicals.Moreover,H_(2) is a low-cost and carbon-free reductant because technologies such as solar-driven electrolysis and supercritical water(scH_(2)O) gasification enable sustainable production of molecular hydrogen(H_(2)).We review the recent advances in engineering Ralsto-nia eutropha,the representative species of“Knallgas”bacteria,for utilizing CO_(2) and H_(2) to autotrophically produce 2,3-butanediol(2,3-BDO).This assessment is focused on state-of-the-art approaches for splitting H_(2) to supply en-ergy in the form of ATP and NADH to power cellular reactions and employing the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle for CO_(2) fixation.Major challenges and opportunities for application and future perspectives are discussed in the context of developing other promising CO_(2) and H_(2)-utilizing microorganisms,exemplified by Zymomonas mobilis.展开更多
To reveal the evolutionary relationship of three mitten crabs(Eriocheir sinensis,E.hepuensis,and E.japonica),complete mitogenomes and nuclear 5S rDNA sequences were analyzed.Sequencing revealed that the mitogenomes an...To reveal the evolutionary relationship of three mitten crabs(Eriocheir sinensis,E.hepuensis,and E.japonica),complete mitogenomes and nuclear 5S rDNA sequences were analyzed.Sequencing revealed that the mitogenomes analyzed shared conserved organization of the coding and non-coding regions but genetic variation was identified.Among the three mitten crabs distinct tandem repeats were identified in the mitochondrial D-loop region.The 5S gene(5S rDNA)sequence was highly conserved across the three species,whereas non-transcribed spacer(NTS)region exhibit high levels of variation including insertions,deletions and point mutations.Cluster analysis suggested that the three mitten crabs had their own independent 5S rDNA sequence variation and evolutionary pattern.Both mitogenome and 5S rDNA sequence analysis revealed significant genetic variation across the mitten crabs species.Phylogenetic analysis using mitogenome and 5S rDNA sequences demonstrated that E.japonica was relatively more distant from E.sinensis and E.hepuensis.This study extended our previous knowledge and confirmed that the three mitten crabs are likely to be genetically differentiated species.In addition,our study also provided insights into the conservation of pure natural resources of E.sinensis,an important aquaculture species.展开更多
This article aims to build a theory of atmospheric boundary layer turbulence under complex conditions. To achieve this goal, we constructed a multi-site observation and analysis method of atmospheric turbulence based ...This article aims to build a theory of atmospheric boundary layer turbulence under complex conditions. To achieve this goal, we constructed a multi-site observation and analysis method of atmospheric turbulence based on related principles.This method first requires verification for the ergodicity of the full-scale observation of surface-layer turbulence, which proves that eddies within a scale of 60 min during a four-site observation can easily meet ergodicity. Meanwhile, by applying the second-order structure function for the horizontal wind speed turbulence of a single site and upstream and downstream points, we verified the ergodicity of the turbulence observation. Comparing the turbulence spectrum to the second-order structure function for the horizontal wind speed from the four-site observation, a relatively high accordance was observed, proving the reasonability of the multi-site observation. Moreover, compared to the single-site observation, the four-site observation can improve the estimation accuracy of the surface-layer turbulence spectrum and vertical turbulent flux. As a result, we can describe the threedimensional structure of turbulence more accurately and comprehensively by combining analytical data from single-site and four-site observations. In summary, the multi-site turbulence observation method shows that the horizontal and vertical wind turbulence of the Baimiao plateau has a typical structure of a turbulence spectrum with clear spectral gaps. The result is in accordance with the scale of the turbulence spectral gaps obtained from the 6 h data. The horizontal wind speed is under the influence of the terrain, so its spectrum of large-scale eddies has higher fluctuations, but its spectral gaps can still be clearly distinguished. Although the spectral gaps of the temperature spectrum are not distinguishable, they still have the same scale as the spectral gap of the vertical and horizontal turbulence spectrum. Moreover, the temperature spectrum possesses typical structure characteristics of the boundary-layer turbulence spectrum.展开更多
Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis) is an important aquaculture species in Crustacea.Functional analysis, although essential, has been hindered due to the lack of sufficient genomic or transcriptomic resources. In...Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis) is an important aquaculture species in Crustacea.Functional analysis, although essential, has been hindered due to the lack of sufficient genomic or transcriptomic resources. In this study, transcriptome sequencing was conducted on 59 samples representing diverse developmental stages(fertilized eggs, zoea, megalopa, three sub-stages of larvae,juvenile crabs, and adult crabs) and different tissues(eyestalk, hepatopancreas, and muscle from juvenile crabs, and eyestalk, hepatopancreas, muscle, heart, stomach, gill, thoracic ganglia, intestine, ovary, and testis from adult crabs) of E. sinensis. A comprehensive reference transcriptome was assembled, including 19,023 protein-coding genes. Hierarchical clustering based on 128 differentially expressed cuticle-related genes revealed two distinct expression patterns during the early larval developmental stages, demonstrating the distinct roles of these genes in "crab-like" cuticle formation during metamorphosis and cuticle calcification after molting. Phylogenetic analysis of1406 one-to-one orthologous gene families identified from seven arthropod species and Caenorhabditis elegans strongly supported the hypothesis that Malacostraca and Branchiopoda do not form a monophyletic group. Furthermore, Branchiopoda is more phylogenetically closely related to Hexapoda, and the clade of Hexapoda and Branchiopoda and the clade of Malacostraca belong to the Pancrustacea. This study offers a high-quality transcriptome resource for E. sinensis and demonstrates the evolutionary relationships of major arthropod groups. The differentially expressed genes identified in this study facilitate further investigation of the cuticle-related gene expression networks which are likely associated with "crab-like" cuticle formation during metamorphosis and cuticle calcification after molting.展开更多
The investigation of charge carrier kinetics has long been a cornerstone of polymer photocatalysis research.However,the role of proton transport behavior in photocatalytic processes has often been underappreciated,des...The investigation of charge carrier kinetics has long been a cornerstone of polymer photocatalysis research.However,the role of proton transport behavior in photocatalytic processes has often been underappreciated,despite its fundamental importance in proton-coupled electron-transfer reactions.Addressing this gap,we present a novel BF_(2)-bridged covalent organic framework(C2-COF-BF2) that undergoes post-synthetic modification with boron trifluoride,designed to confer a dual functional advantage.Specifically,the incorporated BF_(2) moieties are engineered to induce a donor-acceptor effect and potentially serve as continuous supply sites for activated protons.This bifunctional role not only enhances charge separation and migration while suppressing electron-hole recombination but also facilitates proton transport,thereby enabling improved performance in both photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) and H_(2) O_(2) production.Remarkably,the photocatalytic HER performance of C2-COF-BF2(AQY_(450 nm)= 8.78%) ranks among the highest efficiencies reported for COF-based photocatalysts to date.These findings highlight an innovative pathway for advancing the rational design of COF photocatalysts,offering a synergistic optimization of charge carrier kinetics and mass transfer processes to achieve unprecedented photocatalytic efficiency.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52106099)the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong.
文摘The photothermal properties of dielectric materials at the nanoscale have garnered significant attention,especially in fields such as optical heating,photothermal therapy,and solar utilization.However,although dielectric materials can concentrate and manipulate light at the nanoscale,they cannot provide sufficient photothermal efficiency in a direct absorption solar collector.Combining plasmonic metal nanoparticles with dielectric nanostructures enables the fabrication of hybrid nanomaterials with excellent photothermal performance.This study presents a novel approach involving uniformly adhering plasmonic gold nanoparticles onto dielectric silicon nanoparticles to enhance the absorption peak,leading to a substantial enhancement of photothermal conversion efficiency.The results demonstrate that the absorption peak of silicon-gold hybrid nanoparticles exceeds that of pure silicon nanoparticles,achieving a 38%increase in photothermal conversion efficiency within a 10 ppm aqueous solution under a 20 mm optical path.The coupling of localized surface plasmon resonance and quadrupole resonance effects enhances the electric field,causing a temperature rise in both the hybrid nanoparticles and the surrounding aqueous solution.Nanostructural modulation studies reveal that the photothermal efficiency of silicon-gold hybrid nanoparticles is positively correlated with gold nanoparticle size but negatively correlated with silicon nanoparticle size.Combining multiple plasmonic nanoparticles with dielectric materials can effectively enhance photothermal performance and hold great application potential in direct absorption solar collectors and solar thermal utilization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52106099)the Taishan Scholars Program。
文摘Direct absorption solar collectors use nanofluids to absorb and convert solar radiation. Despite the limitations of the photothermal properties of these nanofluids within the absorption spectra range, modifying the surface structure of the nanoparticles can broaden their absorption spectrum, thereby significantly improving the solar thermal conversion efficiency. This paper utilizes the finite element method to investigate the influence of surface pits on the photothermal properties of plasmonic nanoparticles, considering both material composition and surface micro-nano structures. Based on the findings, a novel Ti N nanoparticle is proposed to enhance photothermal performance. This nanoparticle exhibits the lowest average reflectance(0.0145) in the 300–1100 nm wavelength range and the highest light absorption intensity across the solar spectrum, enabling highly efficient solar energy conversion. It not only reduces material costs but also effectively broadens the light absorption spectrum of spherical plasmonic nanoparticles. The distributions of the electric field, magnetic field, and energy field of the nanoparticles indicate that the combination of the “lightning rod” effect and surface plasmon resonance(SPR) significantly enhances both the electric and magnetic fields, thereby increasing the localized heating effect and improving the photothermal performance. Additionally, the number and size of the pits have a significant impact on the absorption efficiency(η_(abs)) of TiN nanoparticles. When the surface of the nanoparticles has 38 pits, η_(abs) can reach90%, with the minimum optical penetration depth(h) of the nanofluid being 7 mm and the minimum volume fraction(f_(v))being 6.95×10^(-6). This study demonstrates that nanoparticles with micro-nano structures have immense potential in solar thermal applications, particularly in the field of direct absorption solar collectors.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52173267)the Open Fund of National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization(No.SF201902)。
文摘A highly efficient absorber with features including lightweight, broad bandwidth, and tunable electromagnetic property still remains challenging for practical applications. Herein, the Porphyra-derived porous carbon(PPC) was fabricated via facile procedures of low-temperature pre-carbonization combined with KOH chemical activation. The composition, microstructure, and electromagnetic wave absorption properties of the samples were elucidated based on X-ray diffraction(XRD), Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM),Brunauer-Emmer-Teller(BET), and vector network analyzer(VNA). The porosity of PPC can be readily regulated by adjusting activation temperature. The PPC obtained at 750 ℃ was composed of a threedimensional hierarchically porous carbon network. The C and N elements of natural Porphyra were introduced into the carbon skeleton during the carbonization process. The large specific surface, dopants, and three-dimensional hierarchically porous carbon network can effectively improve the impedance matching and dielectric dissipation, leading to an excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance. Especially, the optimal reflection loss(RL) value reached –57.75 d B at 9.68 GHz with a broad bandwidth(RL< –10 d B) value of 7.60 GHz at 3.5 mm. Overall, the results indicate that the PPC can provide a new way to achieve lightweight, effective, and sustainable absorbers.
基金the Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project.The specific grant number is 2018XK2102.Y.P.Zhao,W.X.Liang,J.Z.Lu and X.W.Chen all received this grant.
文摘Late fusion multi-view clustering(LFMVC)algorithms aim to integrate the base partition of each single view into a consensus partition.Base partitions can be obtained by performing kernel k-means clustering on all views.This type of method is not only computationally efficient,but also more accurate than multiple kernel k-means,and is thus widely used in the multi-view clustering context.LFMVC improves computational efficiency to the extent that the computational complexity of each iteration is reduced from Oen3T to OenT(where n is the number of samples).However,LFMVC also limits the search space of the optimal solution,meaning that the clustering results obtained are not ideal.Accordingly,in order to obtain more information from each base partition and thus improve the clustering performance,we propose a new late fusion multi-view clustering algorithm with a computational complexity of Oen2T.Experiments on several commonly used datasets demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can reach quickly convergence.Moreover,compared with other late fusion algorithms with computational complexity of OenT,the actual time consumption of the proposed algorithm does not significantly increase.At the same time,comparisons with several other state-of-the-art algorithms reveal that the proposed algorithm also obtains the best clustering performance.
文摘A new method for production of ammonium metatungstate (AMT) directly from ammonium tungstate solution—Donnan dialysis method is advanced. Laboratory experiments are conducted by a Donnan dialysis cell with the membrane area of 140 mm×200 mm. The result shows that the transformation rate of AMT reaches 370 g WO 3/(m 2·h), the recovery ratio of AMT by the Donnan dialysis method is nearly 100%, and the loss of tungsten is less than 0.2%. It has been proved that the Donnan dialysis method is effective for production of AMT.
基金the Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project.The specific grant number is 2018XK2102.
文摘Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs)are widely used in many fields.Due to their high throughput and high level of computing characteristics,however,an increasing number of researchers are focusing on how to improve the computational efficiency,hardware utilization,or flexibility of CNN hardware accelerators.Accordingly,this paper proposes a dynamically reconfigurable accelerator architecture that implements a Sparse-Winograd F(2×2.3×3)-based high-parallelism hardware architecture.This approach not only eliminates the pre-calculation complexity associated with the Winograd algorithm,thereby reducing the difficulty of hardware implementation,but also greatly improves the flexibility of the hardware;as a result,the accelerator can realize the calculation of Conventional Convolution,Grouped Convolution(GCONV)or Depthwise Separable Convolution(DSC)using the same hardware architecture.Our experimental results show that the accelerator achieves a 3x–4.14x speedup compared with the designs that do not use the acceleration algorithm on VGG-16 and MobileNet V1.Moreover,compared with previous designs using the traditional Winograd algorithm,the accelerator design achieves 1.4x–1.8x speedup.At the same time,the efficiency of the multiplier improves by up to 142%.
基金the Guangxi New Energy Vehicle Laboratory Special Project(No.GuikeAA23062079)the Special Project for Central Guidance of Local Science and Technology Development in Sichuan Province(No.2024ZYD0302).
文摘Cobalt-free LiNiO_(2)(LNO)is considered a promising cathode for its high energy density and costeffectiveness.However,its structural instability under deep delithiation severely limits practical application in nextgeneration batteries.Herein,we propose a high-valence Mo6+doping strategy to simultaneously improve mechanical robustness and electrochemical stability.By stabilizing intergranular interfaces,this method effectively suppresses mechanical degradation induced by lattice strain under deep delithiation.The modified cathode exhibits exceptional electrochemical performance,achieving a specific capacity of 234 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1 C with 83.4% retention over 100 cycles at 45℃ in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).Notably,it maintains comparable efficacy in all-solid-state batteries(ASSBs),delivering 239 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.05 C and 82.8% retention after 300 cycles.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations demonstrate a pronounced rise in oxygen vacancy formation energy,increasing from 1.42 to 3.27 eV.These findings offer valuable insights into overcoming the kinetic performance limitations of cobalt-free LNO under deep delithiation conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22072162,U21B2092,22402210,22202213,and 21961160722)International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.172GJHZ2022028MI)+2 种基金Shenyang Young Talents Program(No.RC220155)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.2024-MS-05)Liaoning BaiQianWan Talents Program and Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Centre of Structure and Property for New Energy and Materials,Science Research,Technology Development Project of Guilin(No.20210102-4)。
文摘Atomically dispersed nanozymes have garnered immense attention within the biomedical field,while precisely designing these nanozymes and elucidating their intricate structure-performance relationships of their structures and antibacterial performance remain the formidable challenges.Herein,we fabricated defect-rich graphene supported layered Ir cluster nanozymes for antibacterial applications.Steady-state kinetic experiments revealed that the layered Ir clusters exhibited the higher catalytic efficiency of 1.16 mM^(−1)·s^(−1)with 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB)and 0.18 mM^(−1)·s^(−1)with H_(2)O_(2),compared to Ir nanoparticle(0.55 and 0.1 mM^(−1)·s^(−1))and the atomically dispersed Ir single-atom nanozyme(SAzyme)(0.3 and 0.039 mM^(−1)·s^(−1))and other previously reported single-atom nanozymes.Moreover,both experimental results and density functional theory studies disclosed that the layered Ir clusters exhibited the enhanced ability to facilitate the conversion of hydrogen peroxide into hydroxyl free radicals,signifying the higher catalytic efficiency than that on Ir nanoparticles and Ir single-atoms.Notably,the Ir cluster nanozyme with robust peroxidase-like activity had 100%antimicrobial rate against E.coli and S.aureus,underscoring its potential applications in antibacterial fields.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFA1502802)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21961160722,92145301,U21B2092,22072162,and 91845201)+5 种基金the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(No.XLYC1907055)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.2021-MS001)IMR Innovation Fund(No.2022-PY05)Dalian National Lab for Clean Energy(No.DNL Cooperation Fund 202001)the Sinopec China.N.W.hereby acknowledges the funding support from the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(Nos.C6021-14E,N_HKUST624/19,and 16306818)The XAS experiments were conducted in Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)。
文摘The pursuit of energy conservation and environmental protection has always been a hot topic in the catalytic fields,which is inseparable from the rational designing of efficient catalysts and an in-depth understanding of the catalytic reaction mechanism.In this work,fully-exposed Pt clusters were fabricated on the atomically dispersed Sn decorated nanodiamond/graphene(Sn-ND@G)hybrid support and employed for direct dehydrogenation(DDH)of ethylbenzene(EB)to styrene(ST).The detailed structural characterizations revealed the fully-exposed Pt clusters were stabilized on Sn-ND@G,assisted by the spatial separation of atomically dispersed Sn species.The as-prepared Pt/Sn-ND@G catalyst showed enhanced ST yield(136.2 molEB·molpt-1·h-1 EB conversion rate and 99.7%ST selectivity)and robust long-term stability at 500℃for the EB DDH reaction,compared with the traditional ND@G supported Pt nanoparticle catalyst(Pt/ND@G).The ST prefers to desorb from the fully-exposed Pt clusters,resulting in the enhanced DDH catalytic performance of the Pt/Sn-ND@G catalyst.The present work paves a new way for designing highly dispersed and stable supported metal catalysts for DDH reactions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41675014&91437103)the Gansu Science and Technology Program(Grant No.18JR2RA005)。
文摘To display the distribution characteristics of turbulence eddy under condition of complex terrain in Loess Plateau,and to enhance the precision of turbulence measurements,the research of turbulence ergodicity is considered to be the prior section of the experiment.With the statistics of single-site turbulence measurements obtained in Baimiao Tableland,Ping Liang,Gan Su,analysis result shows that not only the turbulence with scale less than 10 min,which can easily satisfy the ergodicity,the tableland terrain can also be a major cause of the coherent structure of periodic,large-scale turbulence;compared to which for the turbulence above the flat underlying surface,the distribution of 10–40 min,large-scale turbulence in the tableland region tends to be more steady and,thus,can also satisfy the ergodicity easily.Under the condition of extremely unstable stratification,the wind is comparatively low in speed and features distinctly large-scale,periodical fluctuation,and with the trend of smooth increase in temperature,large-scale wind turbulence and temperature turbulence both tend to satisfy ergodicity.In comparison,under the condition of extremely stable stratification,the aperiodicity of large-scale wind turbulence and temperature turbulence caused by intermittency is comparatively strong,and the turbulence cannot satisfy ergodicity easily.
基金supported by Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2022NY-022)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31601436)。
文摘To explore a novel producing strategy for enhancing antioxidant activity and aroma of low-ethanol kiwi wine,kiwifruit juice was sequential fermentation with indigenous Zygosaccharomyces rouxii(Zr)and Saccharomyces cerevisiae(Sc)without adding sugars.The organic acids,bioactive compounds,volatile constituents,antioxidant capacities and sensory profiles were measured to evaluate the performance of different inoculation ratios.The results indicated that compared with pure fermentation of Sc,the sequential fermentations significantly increased the total flavonoids,total phenols,some mono-phenols and antioxidant activities of the low-ethanol kiwi wines,and resulted in a positive effect on organic acids mainly by reducing the content of malic acid.At the same time,sequential fermentations significantly enhanced the aroma profile of the low-ethanol kiwi wines.The higher inoculation ratio of Zr greatly increased the complexity of the volatiles,improving sweet odor of the wines.While the similar inoculation ratio of Zr and Sc significantly increased the volatile contents,intensifying the tropical fruity and kernel fruity.In addition,the partial least-squares regression analysis showed that aldehydes resulted in sourness,ethyl esters and acetate esters possessed a positive impact on tropical fruity and kernel fruity.
基金This work was authored by Alliance for Sustainable Energy,LLC,the Manager and Operator of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for the U.S.Department of Energy(DOE)under Contract No.DE-AC36-08GO28308Funding provided by U.S.Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,Bioenergy Technologies Of-fice(BETO)Funding for YJB was provided by the Center for Bioenergy Innovation(CBI),a U.S.Department of Energy Bioenergy Research Cen-ter supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science.
文摘The decarbonization of the chemical industry and a shift toward circular economies because of high global CO_(2) emissions make CO_(2) an attractive feedstock for manufacturing chemicals.Moreover,H_(2) is a low-cost and carbon-free reductant because technologies such as solar-driven electrolysis and supercritical water(scH_(2)O) gasification enable sustainable production of molecular hydrogen(H_(2)).We review the recent advances in engineering Ralsto-nia eutropha,the representative species of“Knallgas”bacteria,for utilizing CO_(2) and H_(2) to autotrophically produce 2,3-butanediol(2,3-BDO).This assessment is focused on state-of-the-art approaches for splitting H_(2) to supply en-ergy in the form of ATP and NADH to power cellular reactions and employing the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle for CO_(2) fixation.Major challenges and opportunities for application and future perspectives are discussed in the context of developing other promising CO_(2) and H_(2)-utilizing microorganisms,exemplified by Zymomonas mobilis.
基金The authors would like to thank to Mr.Yongju Luo at Guangxi Fisheries Institute in China for sampling the Hepu mitten crab.This work was funded by the Shanghai Agriculture Applied Technology Development Program,China(Grant No.G2017-02-08-00-10-F00076)the Shanghai Mitten Crab Industry Technology System Project(Grant No.2017e2021)+2 种基金Young teachers training Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(A1-2056-16-0026)the Shanghai Science and Technology Project(Grant No.16391905300,13DZ2251800)Doctoral Program of Shanghai Ocean University(A2-0203-00-100315).
文摘To reveal the evolutionary relationship of three mitten crabs(Eriocheir sinensis,E.hepuensis,and E.japonica),complete mitogenomes and nuclear 5S rDNA sequences were analyzed.Sequencing revealed that the mitogenomes analyzed shared conserved organization of the coding and non-coding regions but genetic variation was identified.Among the three mitten crabs distinct tandem repeats were identified in the mitochondrial D-loop region.The 5S gene(5S rDNA)sequence was highly conserved across the three species,whereas non-transcribed spacer(NTS)region exhibit high levels of variation including insertions,deletions and point mutations.Cluster analysis suggested that the three mitten crabs had their own independent 5S rDNA sequence variation and evolutionary pattern.Both mitogenome and 5S rDNA sequence analysis revealed significant genetic variation across the mitten crabs species.Phylogenetic analysis using mitogenome and 5S rDNA sequences demonstrated that E.japonica was relatively more distant from E.sinensis and E.hepuensis.This study extended our previous knowledge and confirmed that the three mitten crabs are likely to be genetically differentiated species.In addition,our study also provided insights into the conservation of pure natural resources of E.sinensis,an important aquaculture species.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42175104&41675014)。
文摘This article aims to build a theory of atmospheric boundary layer turbulence under complex conditions. To achieve this goal, we constructed a multi-site observation and analysis method of atmospheric turbulence based on related principles.This method first requires verification for the ergodicity of the full-scale observation of surface-layer turbulence, which proves that eddies within a scale of 60 min during a four-site observation can easily meet ergodicity. Meanwhile, by applying the second-order structure function for the horizontal wind speed turbulence of a single site and upstream and downstream points, we verified the ergodicity of the turbulence observation. Comparing the turbulence spectrum to the second-order structure function for the horizontal wind speed from the four-site observation, a relatively high accordance was observed, proving the reasonability of the multi-site observation. Moreover, compared to the single-site observation, the four-site observation can improve the estimation accuracy of the surface-layer turbulence spectrum and vertical turbulent flux. As a result, we can describe the threedimensional structure of turbulence more accurately and comprehensively by combining analytical data from single-site and four-site observations. In summary, the multi-site turbulence observation method shows that the horizontal and vertical wind turbulence of the Baimiao plateau has a typical structure of a turbulence spectrum with clear spectral gaps. The result is in accordance with the scale of the turbulence spectral gaps obtained from the 6 h data. The horizontal wind speed is under the influence of the terrain, so its spectrum of large-scale eddies has higher fluctuations, but its spectral gaps can still be clearly distinguished. Although the spectral gaps of the temperature spectrum are not distinguishable, they still have the same scale as the spectral gap of the vertical and horizontal turbulence spectrum. Moreover, the temperature spectrum possesses typical structure characteristics of the boundary-layer turbulence spectrum.
基金supported by the Shanghai Agriculture Applied Technology Development Program,China(Grant No.G2017-02-08-00-10-F00076)the Agriculture Research System of Shanghai,China(Grant No.201704)+3 种基金the Leading Agricultural Talents in Shanghai Project,China(Grant No.D-8004-16-0217)the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee Programs,China(Grant Nos.16391905300 and 13DZ2251800)the Young teachers training Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission,China(Grant No.A1-2039-17-0011)the Doctoral Program of Shanghai Ocean University,China(Grant No.A2-0203-00-100315)
文摘Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis) is an important aquaculture species in Crustacea.Functional analysis, although essential, has been hindered due to the lack of sufficient genomic or transcriptomic resources. In this study, transcriptome sequencing was conducted on 59 samples representing diverse developmental stages(fertilized eggs, zoea, megalopa, three sub-stages of larvae,juvenile crabs, and adult crabs) and different tissues(eyestalk, hepatopancreas, and muscle from juvenile crabs, and eyestalk, hepatopancreas, muscle, heart, stomach, gill, thoracic ganglia, intestine, ovary, and testis from adult crabs) of E. sinensis. A comprehensive reference transcriptome was assembled, including 19,023 protein-coding genes. Hierarchical clustering based on 128 differentially expressed cuticle-related genes revealed two distinct expression patterns during the early larval developmental stages, demonstrating the distinct roles of these genes in "crab-like" cuticle formation during metamorphosis and cuticle calcification after molting. Phylogenetic analysis of1406 one-to-one orthologous gene families identified from seven arthropod species and Caenorhabditis elegans strongly supported the hypothesis that Malacostraca and Branchiopoda do not form a monophyletic group. Furthermore, Branchiopoda is more phylogenetically closely related to Hexapoda, and the clade of Hexapoda and Branchiopoda and the clade of Malacostraca belong to the Pancrustacea. This study offers a high-quality transcriptome resource for E. sinensis and demonstrates the evolutionary relationships of major arthropod groups. The differentially expressed genes identified in this study facilitate further investigation of the cuticle-related gene expression networks which are likely associated with "crab-like" cuticle formation during metamorphosis and cuticle calcification after molting.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21972021,22271281,22325109,22171263,62227815,91961115,22494633,22422508)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (2024J01238,2022J06032,2021J02017)+5 种基金the Scientific Research and Equipment Development Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (YJKYQ20210024)the Fujian Science&Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China (2021ZR101)the Self-deployment Project Research Program of Haixi Institutes,Chinese Academy of Sciences (CXZX-2022-GH09,CXZX-2023-GS03,CXZX-2022-JQ03)the Key Research Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(KGFZD-145-25-21)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB1170000)the 111 Project (D16008)。
文摘The investigation of charge carrier kinetics has long been a cornerstone of polymer photocatalysis research.However,the role of proton transport behavior in photocatalytic processes has often been underappreciated,despite its fundamental importance in proton-coupled electron-transfer reactions.Addressing this gap,we present a novel BF_(2)-bridged covalent organic framework(C2-COF-BF2) that undergoes post-synthetic modification with boron trifluoride,designed to confer a dual functional advantage.Specifically,the incorporated BF_(2) moieties are engineered to induce a donor-acceptor effect and potentially serve as continuous supply sites for activated protons.This bifunctional role not only enhances charge separation and migration while suppressing electron-hole recombination but also facilitates proton transport,thereby enabling improved performance in both photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) and H_(2) O_(2) production.Remarkably,the photocatalytic HER performance of C2-COF-BF2(AQY_(450 nm)= 8.78%) ranks among the highest efficiencies reported for COF-based photocatalysts to date.These findings highlight an innovative pathway for advancing the rational design of COF photocatalysts,offering a synergistic optimization of charge carrier kinetics and mass transfer processes to achieve unprecedented photocatalytic efficiency.
