An understanding of soil microbial communities is crucial in roadside soil environmental assessments.The 16S rRNA se quencing of a stressed microbial community in soil adjacent to the Qinghai-Tibet Highway(QTH)reveale...An understanding of soil microbial communities is crucial in roadside soil environmental assessments.The 16S rRNA se quencing of a stressed microbial community in soil adjacent to the Qinghai-Tibet Highway(QTH)revealed that the accu mulation of heavy metals(over about 10 years)has affected the diversity of bacterial abundance and microbial community structure.The proximity of a sampling site to the QTH/Qinghai-Tibet Railway(QTR),which is effectively a measure of the density of human engineering,was the dominant factor influencing bacterial community diversity.The diversity of bacterial communities shows that 16S rRNA gene abundance decreased in relation to proximity to the QTH and QTR in both alpine wetland and meadow areas.The dominant phyla across all samples were Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria.The concentration of Cr and Cd in the soil were positively correlated with proximity to the QTH and QTR(MC/WC sam pling sites),and Ni,Co,and V were positively correlated with proximity to the QTH and QTR(MA/WA sampling sites).The results presented in this study provide an insight into the relationships among heavy metals and soil microbial commu nities,and have important implications for assessing and predicting the impacts of human-induced activities from the QTH and QTR in such an extreme and fragile environment.展开更多
Identification of the S genotype of Malus plants will greatly promote the discovery of new genes,the cultivation and production of apple,the breeding of new varieties,and the origin and evolution of self-incompatibili...Identification of the S genotype of Malus plants will greatly promote the discovery of new genes,the cultivation and production of apple,the breeding of new varieties,and the origin and evolution of self-incompatibility in Malus plants.In this experiment,88 Malus germplasm resources,such as Aihuahong,Xishuhaitang,and Reguanzi,were used as materials.Seven gene-specific primer combinations were used in the genotype identification.PCR amplification using leaf DNA produced a single S-RNase gene fragment in all materials.The results revealed that 70 of the identified materials obtained a complete S-RNase genotype,while only one S-RNase gene was found in 18 of them.Through homology comparison and analysis,13 S-RNase genotypes were obtained:S_(1)S_(2)(Aihuahong,etc.),S_(1)S_(28)(Xixian Haitang,etc.),S_(1)S_(51)(Hebei Pingdinghaitang),S_(1)S_(3)(Xiangyangcun Daguo,etc.),S_(2)S_(3)(Zhaiyehaitang,etc.),S_(3)S_(51)(Xishan 1),S_(3)S_(28)(Huangselihaerde,etc.),S_(2)S_(28)(Honghaitang,etc.),S_(4)S_(28)(Bo 11),S_(7)S_(28)(Jiuquan Shaguo),S_(10)S_e(Dongchengguan 13),S_(10)S_(21)(Dongxiangjiao)and S_(3)S_(51)(Xiongyue Haitang).Simultaneously,the frequency of the S gene in the tested materials was analyzed.The findings revealed that different S genes had varying frequencies in Malus resources,as well as varying frequencies between intraspecific and interspecific.S_(3) had the highest frequency of 68.18%,followed by S_(1)(42.04%).In addition,the phylogenetic tree and origin evolution analysis revealed that the S gene differentiation was completed prior to the formation of various apple species,that cultivated species also evolved new S genes,and that the S_(50) gene is the oldest S allele in Malus plants.The S_(1),S_(29),and S_(33) genes in apple-cultivated species,on the other hand,may have originated in M.sieversii,M.hupehensis,and M.kansuensis,respectively.In addition to M.sieversii,M.kansuensis and M.sikkimensis may have also played a role in the origin and evolution of some Chinese apples.展开更多
Tartary buckwheat(Fagopyrum tataricum),an underutilized pseudocereal,possesses significant nutritional and pharmaceutical properties and demonstrates resistance to drought and nutrient deficiency.However,this environm...Tartary buckwheat(Fagopyrum tataricum),an underutilized pseudocereal,possesses significant nutritional and pharmaceutical properties and demonstrates resistance to drought and nutrient deficiency.However,this environmentally sustainable crop exhibits sensitivity to salt stress,which can induce water loss,stomatal closure,impair photosynthesis and metabolism,and diminish yield and quality of Tartary buckwheat.Understanding the mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in buckwheat is therefore crucial.This study identified a locus containing 35 candidate genes on chromosome 2 that shows significant association with salt tolerance of Tartary buckwheat through genome-wide association analysis(GWAS).Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the serine/threonine-protein kinase Aurora-3(FtAUR3)family gene exhibited upregulation in response to salt stress.A single nucleotide deletion in the FtAUR3 promoter results in elevated FtAUR3 expression and enhanced salt tolerance in Tartary buckwheat.Overexpression of FtAUR3 in buckwheat hairy roots promotes the accumulation of flavonoids,including rutin and cinnamic acid,while inducing the expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes,such as PAL,C4H,F3H,and F3'H,under salt stress.Additionally,overexpression of FtAUR3 in Arabidopsis thaliana induced the expression of salt-resistant genes(salt-resistant genes(SOS1),AVP1,etc.)and enhanced salt tolerance compared to wild type plants.Under salt stress,FtAUR3 significantly enhances the levels of reactive oxygen species pathway components,including superoxide dismutase,catalase,and peroxidase,thereby improving plant salt tolerance.The study demonstrated that FtAUR3 interacts with the critical enzyme Ft GAPB in the reactive oxygen species(ROS)pathway,suggesting a potential mechanism through which FtAUR3 contributes to ROS signaling.These findings indicate that FtAUR3 plays a crucial positive role in Tartary buckwheat resistance against salt stress.展开更多
基金funded by a grant from the Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and the Engineering Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Nos. HHS-TSS-STS-1505 and 55Y855Z11, CAS "Light of West China" Program, Frontier Science Research Program of Chineses Academy of Scienc No. QYZDJ- SSW_SMC011
文摘An understanding of soil microbial communities is crucial in roadside soil environmental assessments.The 16S rRNA se quencing of a stressed microbial community in soil adjacent to the Qinghai-Tibet Highway(QTH)revealed that the accu mulation of heavy metals(over about 10 years)has affected the diversity of bacterial abundance and microbial community structure.The proximity of a sampling site to the QTH/Qinghai-Tibet Railway(QTR),which is effectively a measure of the density of human engineering,was the dominant factor influencing bacterial community diversity.The diversity of bacterial communities shows that 16S rRNA gene abundance decreased in relation to proximity to the QTH and QTR in both alpine wetland and meadow areas.The dominant phyla across all samples were Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria.The concentration of Cr and Cd in the soil were positively correlated with proximity to the QTH and QTR(MC/WC sam pling sites),and Ni,Co,and V were positively correlated with proximity to the QTH and QTR(MA/WA sampling sites).The results presented in this study provide an insight into the relationships among heavy metals and soil microbial commu nities,and have important implications for assessing and predicting the impacts of human-induced activities from the QTH and QTR in such an extreme and fragile environment.
基金financially supported by the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAASASTIP-2021-RIP-02)。
文摘Identification of the S genotype of Malus plants will greatly promote the discovery of new genes,the cultivation and production of apple,the breeding of new varieties,and the origin and evolution of self-incompatibility in Malus plants.In this experiment,88 Malus germplasm resources,such as Aihuahong,Xishuhaitang,and Reguanzi,were used as materials.Seven gene-specific primer combinations were used in the genotype identification.PCR amplification using leaf DNA produced a single S-RNase gene fragment in all materials.The results revealed that 70 of the identified materials obtained a complete S-RNase genotype,while only one S-RNase gene was found in 18 of them.Through homology comparison and analysis,13 S-RNase genotypes were obtained:S_(1)S_(2)(Aihuahong,etc.),S_(1)S_(28)(Xixian Haitang,etc.),S_(1)S_(51)(Hebei Pingdinghaitang),S_(1)S_(3)(Xiangyangcun Daguo,etc.),S_(2)S_(3)(Zhaiyehaitang,etc.),S_(3)S_(51)(Xishan 1),S_(3)S_(28)(Huangselihaerde,etc.),S_(2)S_(28)(Honghaitang,etc.),S_(4)S_(28)(Bo 11),S_(7)S_(28)(Jiuquan Shaguo),S_(10)S_e(Dongchengguan 13),S_(10)S_(21)(Dongxiangjiao)and S_(3)S_(51)(Xiongyue Haitang).Simultaneously,the frequency of the S gene in the tested materials was analyzed.The findings revealed that different S genes had varying frequencies in Malus resources,as well as varying frequencies between intraspecific and interspecific.S_(3) had the highest frequency of 68.18%,followed by S_(1)(42.04%).In addition,the phylogenetic tree and origin evolution analysis revealed that the S gene differentiation was completed prior to the formation of various apple species,that cultivated species also evolved new S genes,and that the S_(50) gene is the oldest S allele in Malus plants.The S_(1),S_(29),and S_(33) genes in apple-cultivated species,on the other hand,may have originated in M.sieversii,M.hupehensis,and M.kansuensis,respectively.In addition to M.sieversii,M.kansuensis and M.sikkimensis may have also played a role in the origin and evolution of some Chinese apples.
基金supported by the Asian Cooperation Fund Project(102125241610090000029)the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFD1001300 and 2019YFD1001305)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(C2023204097)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31560578)。
文摘Tartary buckwheat(Fagopyrum tataricum),an underutilized pseudocereal,possesses significant nutritional and pharmaceutical properties and demonstrates resistance to drought and nutrient deficiency.However,this environmentally sustainable crop exhibits sensitivity to salt stress,which can induce water loss,stomatal closure,impair photosynthesis and metabolism,and diminish yield and quality of Tartary buckwheat.Understanding the mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in buckwheat is therefore crucial.This study identified a locus containing 35 candidate genes on chromosome 2 that shows significant association with salt tolerance of Tartary buckwheat through genome-wide association analysis(GWAS).Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the serine/threonine-protein kinase Aurora-3(FtAUR3)family gene exhibited upregulation in response to salt stress.A single nucleotide deletion in the FtAUR3 promoter results in elevated FtAUR3 expression and enhanced salt tolerance in Tartary buckwheat.Overexpression of FtAUR3 in buckwheat hairy roots promotes the accumulation of flavonoids,including rutin and cinnamic acid,while inducing the expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes,such as PAL,C4H,F3H,and F3'H,under salt stress.Additionally,overexpression of FtAUR3 in Arabidopsis thaliana induced the expression of salt-resistant genes(salt-resistant genes(SOS1),AVP1,etc.)and enhanced salt tolerance compared to wild type plants.Under salt stress,FtAUR3 significantly enhances the levels of reactive oxygen species pathway components,including superoxide dismutase,catalase,and peroxidase,thereby improving plant salt tolerance.The study demonstrated that FtAUR3 interacts with the critical enzyme Ft GAPB in the reactive oxygen species(ROS)pathway,suggesting a potential mechanism through which FtAUR3 contributes to ROS signaling.These findings indicate that FtAUR3 plays a crucial positive role in Tartary buckwheat resistance against salt stress.
