A uniquely shaped impact structure,the Hailin impact crater,has been discovered in northeast China.The crater was formed on a granodiorite hillside and is an oval depression with asymmetric rim height and a maximum di...A uniquely shaped impact structure,the Hailin impact crater,has been discovered in northeast China.The crater was formed on a granodiorite hillside and is an oval depression with asymmetric rim height and a maximum diameter of 1360 m.The bottom of the crater is filled by Quaternary sediments with large amounts of rock fragments underneath.The discovery of quartz planar deformation features in rock clasts on the crater floor provides diagnostic evidence for the impact origin of the structure.The shape of the crater is largely due to the impact having occurred on a ridge terrain.The impact event probably occurred in the late Cenozoic Era.The Hailin impact crater is the fourth confirmed Chinese impact crater.展开更多
High-pressure β-Sn germanium may transform into diverse metastable allotropes with distinctive nanostructures and unique physical properties via multiple pathways under decompression.However,the mechanism and transit...High-pressure β-Sn germanium may transform into diverse metastable allotropes with distinctive nanostructures and unique physical properties via multiple pathways under decompression.However,the mechanism and transition kinetics remain poorly understood.Here,we investigate the formation of metastable phases and nanostructures in germanium via controllable transition pathways of β-Sn Ge under rapid decompression at different rates.High-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals three distinct metastable phases with the distinctive nanostructures:an almost perfect st12 Ge crystal,nanosized bc8/r8 structures with amorphous boundaries,and amorphous Ge with nanosized clusters (0.8–2.5 nm).Fast in situ x-ray diffraction and x-ray absorption measurements indicate that these nanostructured products form in certain pressure regions via distinct kinetic pathways and are strongly correlated with nucleation rates and electronic transitions mediated by compression rate,temperature,and stress.This work provides deep insight into the controllable synthesis of metastable materials with unique crystal symmetries and nanostructures for potential applications.展开更多
Shock compression driven by nanosecond-laser techniques generates extreme pressure and temperature conditions in materials,enabling the study of high-pressure phase transitions and the behavior of materials in extreme...Shock compression driven by nanosecond-laser techniques generates extreme pressure and temperature conditions in materials,enabling the study of high-pressure phase transitions and the behavior of materials in extreme environments.These dynamic high-pressure states are relevant to a wide range of phenomena,including planetary formation,asteroid impacts,spacecraft shielding,and inertial confinement fusion.The integration of advanced X-ray diffraction experimental techniques,from laser-induced X-ray sources and X-ray free-electron lasers,and theoretical simulations has provided unprecedented insights into material behavior under extreme conditions.This perspective reviews recent advances in dynamic high-pressure research and the insights that they can provide,concentrating on dynamical phase transitions,metastable and transient states,the influence of crystal orientation,microstructural changes,and the kinetic mechanism of phase transitions across a variety of interdisciplinary fields.展开更多
The 2024 MRE HP Special Volume selects papers on new theoretical and experimental developments in the use of static largevolume presses(LVPs)1–3 and dynamic compression4,5 for studies under extreme high-pressure and ...The 2024 MRE HP Special Volume selects papers on new theoretical and experimental developments in the use of static largevolume presses(LVPs)1–3 and dynamic compression4,5 for studies under extreme high-pressure and high-temperature(HPHT)conditions.It also continues the previous year’s6 contemporary focus on superhydrides7–11 with extremely high superconducting temperatures Tc and addresses some controversial issues.12–14 In addition,it explores unconventional pressure-induced chemistry,particularly novel chemical stoichiometry and its impact on geochemistry and cosmochemistry in the deep interiors of Earth and other planets.18–21.展开更多
The transition metal trichalcogenides(TMTs)with quasi-one-dimensional(quasi-1D)layered crystal structure represent a unique platform to explore intriguing physical properties.Herein,we report the successful growth of ...The transition metal trichalcogenides(TMTs)with quasi-one-dimensional(quasi-1D)layered crystal structure represent a unique platform to explore intriguing physical properties.Herein,we report the successful growth of a new TMT TiSe_(3)single crystal by using a high-pressure and high-temperature technique.The crystal structure of TiSe_(3)was determined by measuring the single-crystal x-ray diffraction and selected area electron diffraction.The 1D chain-like structure along the b-axis is formed by the TiSe_(6)prisms which share their tops and bottoms with each other.TiSe_(3)is a narrow band gap semiconductor with electron-type carriers under ambient conditions identified by the electrical and Hall effect measurements.It exhibits a pressure-induced semiconductor-to-metal transition around 4 GPa.As the pressure further increases to~6 GPa,a pressure-induced Lifshitz transition occurs,as indicated by the electrical transport measurements,high-pressure crystal structure characterizations,and electronic band structure calculations.展开更多
Kitaev quantum spin liquids have attracted significant attention in condensed matter physics over the past decade.To understand their emergent quantum phenomena,high-quality single crystals of substantial size are ess...Kitaev quantum spin liquids have attracted significant attention in condensed matter physics over the past decade.To understand their emergent quantum phenomena,high-quality single crystals of substantial size are essential.Here,we report the synthesis of single crystals of the Kitaev quantum spin liquid candidate RuBr_(3),achieving millimeter-sized crystals through a self-flux method under high pressure and high temperature conditions.The crystals exhibit well-defined cleavage planes with a lustrous appearance.Transport characterizations exhibit a narrow band-gap semiconducting behavior with 0.13 eV and 0.11 eV band-gap in ab plane and along𝑐axis,respectively.Magnetic measurement shows a transition to antiferromagnetic(AFM)state at approximately 29K both in ab plane and along the c axis.Notably,the N′eel temperature increases to 34K with an applied magnetic field of up to 7T in the ab plane,but without any change along𝑐axis.The large size and high quality of RuBr3 single crystals provide a valuable platform for investigating various interactions,particularly the Kitaev interaction,and for elucidating the intrinsic physical properties of Kitaev quantum spin liquids.展开更多
Recently we are witnessing the boom of high-pressure science and technology from a small niche field to becoming a major dimension in physical sciences.One of the most important technological advances is the integrati...Recently we are witnessing the boom of high-pressure science and technology from a small niche field to becoming a major dimension in physical sciences.One of the most important technological advances is the integration of synchrotron nanotechnology with the minute samples at ultrahigh pressures.Applications of high pressure have greatly enhanced our understanding of the electronic,phonon,and doping effects on the newly emerged graphene and related 2D layered materials.High pressure has created exotic stoichiometry even in common Group 17,15,and 14 compounds and drastically altered the basic σ and π bonding of organic compounds.Differential pressure measurements enable us to study the rheology and flow of mantle minerals in solid state,thus quantitatively constraining the geodynamics.They also introduce a new approach to understand defect and plastic deformations of nano particles.These examples open new frontiers of high-pressure research.展开更多
Metal halide perovskites(HPVs)have been greatly developed over the last decade,with various compositions,dimensionalities,and morphologies,leading to an emergence of high-performance photovoltaic and optoelectronic ap...Metal halide perovskites(HPVs)have been greatly developed over the last decade,with various compositions,dimensionalities,and morphologies,leading to an emergence of high-performance photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications.Despite the tremendous progress made,challenges remain,which calls for a better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms.Pressure,a thermodynamic variable,provides a powerful tool to tune materials’structures and properties.In combination with in situ characterization methods,high-pressure research could provide a better fundamental understanding.In this review,we summarize the recent studies of the dramatic,pressure-induced changes that occur in HPVs,particularly the enhanced and emergent properties induced under high pressure and their structure-property relationships.We first introduce the characteristics of HPVs and the basic knowledge of high-pressure techniques,as well as in situ characterization methods.We then discuss the effects of pressure on HPVs with different compositions,dimensionalities,and morphologies,and underline their common features and anomalous behaviors.In the last section,we highlight the main challenges and provide suggestions for possible future research on high-pressure HPVs.展开更多
A material described as lutetium–hydrogen–nitrogen(Lu-H-N in short)was recently claimed to have“near-ambient superconductivity”[Dasenbrock-Gammon et al.,Nature 615,244–250(2023)].If this result could be reproduce...A material described as lutetium–hydrogen–nitrogen(Lu-H-N in short)was recently claimed to have“near-ambient superconductivity”[Dasenbrock-Gammon et al.,Nature 615,244–250(2023)].If this result could be reproduced by other teams,it would be a major scientific breakthrough.Here,we report our results of transport and structure measurements on a material prepared using the same method as reported by Dasenbrock-Gammon et al.Our x-ray diffraction measurements indicate that the obtained sample contains three substances:the facecentered-cubic(FCC)-1 phase(Fm-3m)with lattice parameter a=5.03Å,the FCC-2 phase(Fm-3m)with a lattice parameter a=4.755Å,and Lu metal.The two FCC phases are identical to the those reported in the so-called near-ambient superconductor.However,we find from our resistance measurements in the temperature range from 300 K down to 4 K and the pressure range 0.9–3.4 GPa and our magnetic susceptibility measurements in the pressure range 0.8–3.3 GPa and the temperature range down to 100 K that the samples show no evidence of superconductivity.We also use a laser heating technique to heat a sample to 1800 XC and find no superconductivity in the produced dark blue material below 6.5 GPa.In addition,both samples remain dark blue in color in the pressure range investigated.展开更多
Zero-dimensional(0D)hybrid metal halides are under intensive investigation owing to their unique physical properties,such as the broadband emission from highly localized excitons that is promising for white-emitting l...Zero-dimensional(0D)hybrid metal halides are under intensive investigation owing to their unique physical properties,such as the broadband emission from highly localized excitons that is promising for white-emitting lighting.However,fundamental understanding of emission variations and structure–property relationships is still limited.Here,by using pressure processing,we obtain robust exciton emission in 0D(C_(9)NH_(20))_(6)Pb_(3)Br_(12) at room temperature that can survive to 80 GPa,the recorded highest value among all the hybrid metal halides.In situ experimental characterization and first-principles calculations reveal that the pressure-induced emission is mainly caused by the largely suppressed phonon-assisted nonradiative pathway.Lattice compression leads to phonon hardening,which considerably weakens the exciton–phonon interaction and thus enhances the emission.The robust emission is attributed to the unique structure of separated spring-like[Pb_(3)Br_(12)]^(6−)trimers,which leads to the outstanding stability of the optically active inorganic units.Our findings not only reveal abnormally robust emission in a 0D metal halide,but also provide new insight into the design and optimization of local structures of trimers and oligomers in lowdimensional hybrid materials.展开更多
Diamond anvil cell techniques have been improved to allow access to the multimegabar ultrahigh-pressure region for exploring novel phenomena in condensedmatter.However,the onlyway to determine crystal structures of ma...Diamond anvil cell techniques have been improved to allow access to the multimegabar ultrahigh-pressure region for exploring novel phenomena in condensedmatter.However,the onlyway to determine crystal structures of materials above 100 GPa,namely,X-ray diffraction(XRD),especially for lowZ materials,remains nontrivial in the ultrahigh-pressure region,even with the availability of brilliant synchrotron X-ray sources.In thiswork,we performa systematic study,choosing hydrogen(the lowest X-ray scatterer)as the subject,to understand how to better perform XRD measurements of low Z materials at multimegabar pressures.The techniques that we have developed have been proved to be effective in measuring the crystal structure of solid hydrogen up to 254GPa at room temperature[C.Ji et al.,Nature 573,558–562(2019)].Wepresent our discoveries and experienceswith regard to several aspects of thiswork,namely,diamond anvil selection,sample configuration for ultrahigh-pressure XRDstudies,XRDdiagnostics for low Z materials,and related issues in data interpretation and pressure calibration.Webelieve that these methods can be readily extended to other low Z materials and can pave the way for studying the crystal structure of hydrogen at higher pressures,eventually testing structural models of metallic hydrogen.展开更多
Natural gas hydrate inhibitor has been serving the oil and gas industry for many years. The development and search for new inhibitors remain the focus of research. In this study, the solution polymerization method was...Natural gas hydrate inhibitor has been serving the oil and gas industry for many years. The development and search for new inhibitors remain the focus of research. In this study, the solution polymerization method was employed to prepare poly(N-vinyl caprolactam-co-butyl methacrylate)(P(VCap-BMA)), as a new kinetic hydrate inhibitor(KHI). The inhibition properties of P(VCap-BMA) were investigated by tetrahydrofuran(THF) hydrate testing and natural gas hydrate forming and compared with the commercial KHIs. The experiment showed that PVCap performed better than copolymer P(VCap-BMA). However,low doses of methanol or ethylene glycol are compounded with KHIs. The compounding inhibitors show a synergistic inhibitory effect. More interesting is the P(VCap-BMA)-methanol system has a better inhibitory effect than the PVCap-methanol system. 1% P(VCap-BMA) + 5% methanol presented the best inhibiting performance at subcooling 10.3 °C, the induction time of natural gas hydrate was 445 min.Finally, the interaction between water and several dimeric inhibitors compared by natural bond orbital(NBO) analyses and density functional theory(DFT) indicated that inhibitor molecules were able to form the hydrogen bond with the water molecules, which result in gas hydrate inhibition. These exciting properties make the P(VCap-BMA) compound hydrate inhibitor promising candidates for numerous applications in the petrochemical industry.展开更多
Oxygen deficiency has crucial effects on the crystal structure and electrochemical performance of spinel oxide lithium electrode materials such as LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_(4)(LNMO)cathode.In particular,the oxygen stoichio...Oxygen deficiency has crucial effects on the crystal structure and electrochemical performance of spinel oxide lithium electrode materials such as LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_(4)(LNMO)cathode.In particular,the oxygen stoichiometry on the crystal surface differs from that on the crystal interior in LNMO.The detection of local oxygen loss in LNMO and its correlation with the crystal structure and the cycling stability of LNMO remain challenging.In this study,the effect of oxygen deficiency in LNMO controlled by sintering temperature on the surface crystal structure and electrochemical performance of LNMO is comprehensively investigated.The high concentration of oxygen vacancies segregates at the surface regions of LNMO forming a thin rock‐salt and/or deficient spinel surface layer.The atomic‐level surface structure reconstruction was demonstrated by annular dark‐field and annular brightfield techniques.For the synthesis of LNMO,the higher sintering temperature results in higher crystallinity but the higher oxygen deficiency in LNMO.The high crystallinity of LNMO would increase the thermal stability of LNMO cathodes while the high content of oxygen deficiency would decrease the surface structural stability of LNMO.Therefore,the LNMO sintered at a medium temperature of 850°C achieved the best capacity retention.The results suggest a competitive function mechanism between oxygen stoichiometry and the crystallinity of LNMO on the cycling performance of LNMO.展开更多
Recently,natural van der Waals heterostructures of(MnBi2 Te4)m(Bi2 Te3)n have been theoretically predicted and experimentally shown to host tunable magnetic properties and topologically nontrivial surface states.We sy...Recently,natural van der Waals heterostructures of(MnBi2 Te4)m(Bi2 Te3)n have been theoretically predicted and experimentally shown to host tunable magnetic properties and topologically nontrivial surface states.We systematically investigate both the structural and electronic responses of MnBi2 Te4 and MnBi4 Te7 to external pressure.In addition to the suppression of antiferromagnetic order,MnBi2 Te4 is found to undergo a metalsemiconductor-metal transition upon compression.The resistivity of MnBi4 Te7 changes dramatically under high pressure and a non-monotonic evolution of p(T)is observed.The nontrivial topology is proved to persist before the structural phase transition observed in the high-pressure regime.We find that the bulk and surface states respond differently to pressure,which is consistent with the non-monotonic change of the resistivity.Interestingly,a pressure-induced amorphous state is observed in MnBi2 Te4,while two high-pressure phase transitions are revealed in MnBi4 Te7.Our combined theoretical and experimental research establishes MnBi2 Te4 and MnBi4 Te7 as highly tunable magnetic topological insulators,in which phase transitions and new ground states emerge upon compression.展开更多
An impact structure 1400 m in diameter,formed by a bolide impact,has been discovered on Baijifeng Mountain in Tonghua City in Northeast China’s Jilin province.The impact structure takes the form of a cirque-shaped de...An impact structure 1400 m in diameter,formed by a bolide impact,has been discovered on Baijifeng Mountain in Tonghua City in Northeast China’s Jilin province.The impact structure takes the form of a cirque-shaped depression on the top of the mountain and is located in a basement mainly composed of Proterozoic sandstone and Jurassic granite.A large number of rock fragments composed mainly of sandstone,with a small amount of granite,are distributed on the top of Baijifeng Mountain.Planar deformation features(PDFs)have been found in quartz in the rock and mineral clasts collected from the surface inside the depression.The forms of the PDFs indexed in the quartz include among others,{1013},{1012},and{1011}.The presence of these PDFs provides diagnostic evidence for shock metamorphism and the impact origin of the structure.The impact event took place after the Jurassic Period and probably much later.展开更多
High pressure science and technology is a vast area of inter-disciplinary research that encompasses the fields of physics,chem-istry,geoscience,and materials science and in which the science of ordinary matter is only...High pressure science and technology is a vast area of inter-disciplinary research that encompasses the fields of physics,chem-istry,geoscience,and materials science and in which the science of ordinary matter is only a special case under ambient condi-tions.Pressure,the physical variable of force exerted on the chem-ical bonding of a material,directly controls the material’s phys-ical and chemical properties.展开更多
Materials transform abruptly under compression,with their properties varying as strong functions of pressure.Advances in highpressure and probe technology have enabled experimental characterizations up to several hund...Materials transform abruptly under compression,with their properties varying as strong functions of pressure.Advances in highpressure and probe technology have enabled experimental characterizations up to several hundred gigapascal(GPa).Studies in the physical sciences are now expanding to include a vast previously uncharted pressure region in which transformative ideas and discoveries are becoming commonplace.Matter and Radiation under Extremes(MRE)is taking advantage of this opportunity to provide a forum for publishing the finest peer-reviewed research in highpressure science and technology on the basis of its interdisciplinary interest,importance,timeliness,and surprising conclusions.This MRE HP Special Volume gathers together a set of contemporary perspectives,highlights,reviews,and research articles in multiple disciplines of high-pressure physics,chemistry,materials,and geoscience that illustrate both current and forthcoming trends in this exciting research area.展开更多
Perovskite-type lithium lanthanum titanates(LLTO)display a high bulk ionic conductivity and are considered a promising electrolyte for building up to advanced solid-state Li-ion batteries.The LLTO crystals contain a h...Perovskite-type lithium lanthanum titanates(LLTO)display a high bulk ionic conductivity and are considered a promising electrolyte for building up to advanced solid-state Li-ion batteries.The LLTO crystals contain a high concentration of intrinsically formed 90ο-rotated domain boundaries(DBs)serving as barriers to bulk Li-ion conduction.However,the mechanism of how the DB concentration and DB resistance can compete with each other to determine the bulk conductivity of LLTO is still unknown.Here we report a comprehensive study of LLTO compounds,aimed to unravel the mechanism and hence explore new path(s)for further improving the conductivity of this material.Our results show that both the sintering temperature and chemical composition can affect significantly the domain structures in LLTO.It is found that a decrease in the DB concentration is always accompanied by increased DB resistance due to the increased lattice mismatch at DBs,and vice versa.By unifying the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis,it is clearly shown that the high DB resistance,instead of DB concentration,acts as the dominant factor governing the bulk conductivity of LLTO.The results thus renew the conventional understanding of the bulk Li-ion conduction in LLTO and shed light on developing novel LLTO electrolyte materials with improved ionic conductivity.展开更多
We report the observation of a magnetic transition at the temperature about 56 K,through the high-pressure heat capacity and magnetic susceptibility measurements on the samples that have been claimed to be a nearroom-...We report the observation of a magnetic transition at the temperature about 56 K,through the high-pressure heat capacity and magnetic susceptibility measurements on the samples that have been claimed to be a nearroom-temperature superconductor[Dasenbrock-Gammon et al.Nature 615,244(2023)].Our results show that this magnetic phase is robust against pressure up to 4.3 GPa,which covers the critical pressure of boosting the claimed superconductivity.展开更多
New results presented in the 2023 MRE HP Special Volume clearly demonstrate the cross-disciplinary synergistic progress in high-pressure physics and chemistry.The prevalence of pressure-induced crystal chemistry of cl...New results presented in the 2023 MRE HP Special Volume clearly demonstrate the cross-disciplinary synergistic progress in high-pressure physics and chemistry.The prevalence of pressure-induced crystal chemistry of clathrate-like host-vip cages in borides,^(1,2)nitrides,^(3)and hydrides^(4)has led to exotic compositions and physical properties.展开更多
基金financial support from the Shanghai Key Laboratory Novel Extreme Condition Materials,China(Grant No.22dz2260800)the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee,China(Grant No.22JC1410300)。
文摘A uniquely shaped impact structure,the Hailin impact crater,has been discovered in northeast China.The crater was formed on a granodiorite hillside and is an oval depression with asymmetric rim height and a maximum diameter of 1360 m.The bottom of the crater is filled by Quaternary sediments with large amounts of rock fragments underneath.The discovery of quartz planar deformation features in rock clasts on the crater floor provides diagnostic evidence for the impact origin of the structure.The shape of the crater is largely due to the impact having occurred on a ridge terrain.The impact event probably occurred in the late Cenozoic Era.The Hailin impact crater is the fourth confirmed Chinese impact crater.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant No.11974033)Xuqiang Liu acknowledges support from the National Postdoctoral Foundation Project of China under Grant No.GZC20230215+2 种基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China under Grants No.12404001The XRD measurements at room and high temperatures were performed at the 4W2 HPStation of the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility(BSRF)and beamline 15U1 of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)In situ high-pressure,low-temperature XRD measurements were conducted at sector 16 ID-B,HPCAT of the Advanced Photon Source,and were supported by DOE-NNSA under Award No.DE-NA0001974.
文摘High-pressure β-Sn germanium may transform into diverse metastable allotropes with distinctive nanostructures and unique physical properties via multiple pathways under decompression.However,the mechanism and transition kinetics remain poorly understood.Here,we investigate the formation of metastable phases and nanostructures in germanium via controllable transition pathways of β-Sn Ge under rapid decompression at different rates.High-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals three distinct metastable phases with the distinctive nanostructures:an almost perfect st12 Ge crystal,nanosized bc8/r8 structures with amorphous boundaries,and amorphous Ge with nanosized clusters (0.8–2.5 nm).Fast in situ x-ray diffraction and x-ray absorption measurements indicate that these nanostructured products form in certain pressure regions via distinct kinetic pathways and are strongly correlated with nucleation rates and electronic transitions mediated by compression rate,temperature,and stress.This work provides deep insight into the controllable synthesis of metastable materials with unique crystal symmetries and nanostructures for potential applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.12534013,12035002,12047561,and 12104507as well as the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province under Grant No.2021RC4026+1 种基金T.Sekine gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Material Frontiers Research in Extreme Environments,China(Grant No.22dz2260800)from the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee,China(Grant No.22JC1410300).
文摘Shock compression driven by nanosecond-laser techniques generates extreme pressure and temperature conditions in materials,enabling the study of high-pressure phase transitions and the behavior of materials in extreme environments.These dynamic high-pressure states are relevant to a wide range of phenomena,including planetary formation,asteroid impacts,spacecraft shielding,and inertial confinement fusion.The integration of advanced X-ray diffraction experimental techniques,from laser-induced X-ray sources and X-ray free-electron lasers,and theoretical simulations has provided unprecedented insights into material behavior under extreme conditions.This perspective reviews recent advances in dynamic high-pressure research and the insights that they can provide,concentrating on dynamical phase transitions,metastable and transient states,the influence of crystal orientation,microstructural changes,and the kinetic mechanism of phase transitions across a variety of interdisciplinary fields.
基金financial support from the Shanghai Key Laboratory of MFree,China(Grant No.22dz2260800)the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee,China(Grant No.22JC1410300).
文摘The 2024 MRE HP Special Volume selects papers on new theoretical and experimental developments in the use of static largevolume presses(LVPs)1–3 and dynamic compression4,5 for studies under extreme high-pressure and high-temperature(HPHT)conditions.It also continues the previous year’s6 contemporary focus on superhydrides7–11 with extremely high superconducting temperatures Tc and addresses some controversial issues.12–14 In addition,it explores unconventional pressure-induced chemistry,particularly novel chemical stoichiometry and its impact on geochemistry and cosmochemistry in the deep interiors of Earth and other planets.18–21.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2023YFA1406100 and 2024YFA1400066)the Open Research Fund of Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics(Grant No.2023BNLCMPKF002)+6 种基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52288102 and 52090020)the S&T Program of Hebei(Grant No.225A1102D)the Open Projects from the State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology,Yanshan University(Grant No.202301)carried out at the Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility(SE-CUF)of the Chinese Academy of Sciencessupport from the Analytical Instrumentation Center(Grant No.SPST-AIC10112914)School of Physical Science and Technology(SPST),ShanghaiTech Universitysupported by the Double First-Class Initiative Fund of ShanghaiTech University.
文摘The transition metal trichalcogenides(TMTs)with quasi-one-dimensional(quasi-1D)layered crystal structure represent a unique platform to explore intriguing physical properties.Herein,we report the successful growth of a new TMT TiSe_(3)single crystal by using a high-pressure and high-temperature technique.The crystal structure of TiSe_(3)was determined by measuring the single-crystal x-ray diffraction and selected area electron diffraction.The 1D chain-like structure along the b-axis is formed by the TiSe_(6)prisms which share their tops and bottoms with each other.TiSe_(3)is a narrow band gap semiconductor with electron-type carriers under ambient conditions identified by the electrical and Hall effect measurements.It exhibits a pressure-induced semiconductor-to-metal transition around 4 GPa.As the pressure further increases to~6 GPa,a pressure-induced Lifshitz transition occurs,as indicated by the electrical transport measurements,high-pressure crystal structure characterizations,and electronic band structure calculations.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2023YFA1406000 and 2022YFA1403800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12474002,22171283,22203031,12434005,12204515,and 12074175)support of the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(Grant No.2022QNRC001)。
文摘Kitaev quantum spin liquids have attracted significant attention in condensed matter physics over the past decade.To understand their emergent quantum phenomena,high-quality single crystals of substantial size are essential.Here,we report the synthesis of single crystals of the Kitaev quantum spin liquid candidate RuBr_(3),achieving millimeter-sized crystals through a self-flux method under high pressure and high temperature conditions.The crystals exhibit well-defined cleavage planes with a lustrous appearance.Transport characterizations exhibit a narrow band-gap semiconducting behavior with 0.13 eV and 0.11 eV band-gap in ab plane and along𝑐axis,respectively.Magnetic measurement shows a transition to antiferromagnetic(AFM)state at approximately 29K both in ab plane and along the c axis.Notably,the N′eel temperature increases to 34K with an applied magnetic field of up to 7T in the ab plane,but without any change along𝑐axis.The large size and high quality of RuBr3 single crystals provide a valuable platform for investigating various interactions,particularly the Kitaev interaction,and for elucidating the intrinsic physical properties of Kitaev quantum spin liquids.
文摘Recently we are witnessing the boom of high-pressure science and technology from a small niche field to becoming a major dimension in physical sciences.One of the most important technological advances is the integration of synchrotron nanotechnology with the minute samples at ultrahigh pressures.Applications of high pressure have greatly enhanced our understanding of the electronic,phonon,and doping effects on the newly emerged graphene and related 2D layered materials.High pressure has created exotic stoichiometry even in common Group 17,15,and 14 compounds and drastically altered the basic σ and π bonding of organic compounds.Differential pressure measurements enable us to study the rheology and flow of mantle minerals in solid state,thus quantitatively constraining the geodynamics.They also introduce a new approach to understand defect and plastic deformations of nano particles.These examples open new frontiers of high-pressure research.
文摘Metal halide perovskites(HPVs)have been greatly developed over the last decade,with various compositions,dimensionalities,and morphologies,leading to an emergence of high-performance photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications.Despite the tremendous progress made,challenges remain,which calls for a better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms.Pressure,a thermodynamic variable,provides a powerful tool to tune materials’structures and properties.In combination with in situ characterization methods,high-pressure research could provide a better fundamental understanding.In this review,we summarize the recent studies of the dramatic,pressure-induced changes that occur in HPVs,particularly the enhanced and emergent properties induced under high pressure and their structure-property relationships.We first introduce the characteristics of HPVs and the basic knowledge of high-pressure techniques,as well as in situ characterization methods.We then discuss the effects of pressure on HPVs with different compositions,dimensionalities,and morphologies,and underline their common features and anomalous behaviors.In the last section,we highlight the main challenges and provide suggestions for possible future research on high-pressure HPVs.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1403900 and 2021YFA1401800)the NSF of China(Grant Nos.U2032214,12104487,12122414,and 12004419)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program(B)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB25000000)J.G.and S.C.are grateful for support from the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the CAS(Grant No.2019008)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.E0BK111).
文摘A material described as lutetium–hydrogen–nitrogen(Lu-H-N in short)was recently claimed to have“near-ambient superconductivity”[Dasenbrock-Gammon et al.,Nature 615,244–250(2023)].If this result could be reproduced by other teams,it would be a major scientific breakthrough.Here,we report our results of transport and structure measurements on a material prepared using the same method as reported by Dasenbrock-Gammon et al.Our x-ray diffraction measurements indicate that the obtained sample contains three substances:the facecentered-cubic(FCC)-1 phase(Fm-3m)with lattice parameter a=5.03Å,the FCC-2 phase(Fm-3m)with a lattice parameter a=4.755Å,and Lu metal.The two FCC phases are identical to the those reported in the so-called near-ambient superconductor.However,we find from our resistance measurements in the temperature range from 300 K down to 4 K and the pressure range 0.9–3.4 GPa and our magnetic susceptibility measurements in the pressure range 0.8–3.3 GPa and the temperature range down to 100 K that the samples show no evidence of superconductivity.We also use a laser heating technique to heat a sample to 1800 XC and find no superconductivity in the produced dark blue material below 6.5 GPa.In addition,both samples remain dark blue in color in the pressure range investigated.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant Nos.U1930401 and 51527801)support from the National Science Foundation(Grant No.DMR-1709116)+2 种基金supported by the National Science Foundation–Earth Sciences(Grant No.EAR-1634415)the Department of Energy–GeoSciences(Grant No.DE-FG02-94ER14466)partially by COMPRES under NSF Cooperative Agreement No.EAR-1606856.
文摘Zero-dimensional(0D)hybrid metal halides are under intensive investigation owing to their unique physical properties,such as the broadband emission from highly localized excitons that is promising for white-emitting lighting.However,fundamental understanding of emission variations and structure–property relationships is still limited.Here,by using pressure processing,we obtain robust exciton emission in 0D(C_(9)NH_(20))_(6)Pb_(3)Br_(12) at room temperature that can survive to 80 GPa,the recorded highest value among all the hybrid metal halides.In situ experimental characterization and first-principles calculations reveal that the pressure-induced emission is mainly caused by the largely suppressed phonon-assisted nonradiative pathway.Lattice compression leads to phonon hardening,which considerably weakens the exciton–phonon interaction and thus enhances the emission.The robust emission is attributed to the unique structure of separated spring-like[Pb_(3)Br_(12)]^(6−)trimers,which leads to the outstanding stability of the optically active inorganic units.Our findings not only reveal abnormally robust emission in a 0D metal halide,but also provide new insight into the design and optimization of local structures of trimers and oligomers in lowdimensional hybrid materials.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Award No.U1930401the Department of Energy(DOE),Office of Basic Energy Science,Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Award No.DE-FG02-99ER45775
文摘Diamond anvil cell techniques have been improved to allow access to the multimegabar ultrahigh-pressure region for exploring novel phenomena in condensedmatter.However,the onlyway to determine crystal structures of materials above 100 GPa,namely,X-ray diffraction(XRD),especially for lowZ materials,remains nontrivial in the ultrahigh-pressure region,even with the availability of brilliant synchrotron X-ray sources.In thiswork,we performa systematic study,choosing hydrogen(the lowest X-ray scatterer)as the subject,to understand how to better perform XRD measurements of low Z materials at multimegabar pressures.The techniques that we have developed have been proved to be effective in measuring the crystal structure of solid hydrogen up to 254GPa at room temperature[C.Ji et al.,Nature 573,558–562(2019)].Wepresent our discoveries and experienceswith regard to several aspects of thiswork,namely,diamond anvil selection,sample configuration for ultrahigh-pressure XRDstudies,XRDdiagnostics for low Z materials,and related issues in data interpretation and pressure calibration.Webelieve that these methods can be readily extended to other low Z materials and can pave the way for studying the crystal structure of hydrogen at higher pressures,eventually testing structural models of metallic hydrogen.
基金supported by the Key Science and Technology Program of Shaanxi Province (2014K10-03)。
文摘Natural gas hydrate inhibitor has been serving the oil and gas industry for many years. The development and search for new inhibitors remain the focus of research. In this study, the solution polymerization method was employed to prepare poly(N-vinyl caprolactam-co-butyl methacrylate)(P(VCap-BMA)), as a new kinetic hydrate inhibitor(KHI). The inhibition properties of P(VCap-BMA) were investigated by tetrahydrofuran(THF) hydrate testing and natural gas hydrate forming and compared with the commercial KHIs. The experiment showed that PVCap performed better than copolymer P(VCap-BMA). However,low doses of methanol or ethylene glycol are compounded with KHIs. The compounding inhibitors show a synergistic inhibitory effect. More interesting is the P(VCap-BMA)-methanol system has a better inhibitory effect than the PVCap-methanol system. 1% P(VCap-BMA) + 5% methanol presented the best inhibiting performance at subcooling 10.3 °C, the induction time of natural gas hydrate was 445 min.Finally, the interaction between water and several dimeric inhibitors compared by natural bond orbital(NBO) analyses and density functional theory(DFT) indicated that inhibitor molecules were able to form the hydrogen bond with the water molecules, which result in gas hydrate inhibition. These exciting properties make the P(VCap-BMA) compound hydrate inhibitor promising candidates for numerous applications in the petrochemical industry.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:22075003,22090043,U1930401,U2030206。
文摘Oxygen deficiency has crucial effects on the crystal structure and electrochemical performance of spinel oxide lithium electrode materials such as LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_(4)(LNMO)cathode.In particular,the oxygen stoichiometry on the crystal surface differs from that on the crystal interior in LNMO.The detection of local oxygen loss in LNMO and its correlation with the crystal structure and the cycling stability of LNMO remain challenging.In this study,the effect of oxygen deficiency in LNMO controlled by sintering temperature on the surface crystal structure and electrochemical performance of LNMO is comprehensively investigated.The high concentration of oxygen vacancies segregates at the surface regions of LNMO forming a thin rock‐salt and/or deficient spinel surface layer.The atomic‐level surface structure reconstruction was demonstrated by annular dark‐field and annular brightfield techniques.For the synthesis of LNMO,the higher sintering temperature results in higher crystallinity but the higher oxygen deficiency in LNMO.The high crystallinity of LNMO would increase the thermal stability of LNMO cathodes while the high content of oxygen deficiency would decrease the surface structural stability of LNMO.Therefore,the LNMO sintered at a medium temperature of 850°C achieved the best capacity retention.The results suggest a competitive function mechanism between oxygen stoichiometry and the crystallinity of LNMO on the cycling performance of LNMO.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant Nos.2018YFA0704300 and2017YFE0131300the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.U1932217,11974246,11874263 and10225417+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai under Grant No.19ZR1477300the support from Analytical Instrumentation Center(SPST-AIC10112914),SPST,ShanghaiTech Universitysupported by Collaborative Research Project of Materials and Structures Laboratory,Tokyo Institute of Technology,Japan,Part of this research is supported by COMPRES(NSF Cooperative Agreement EAR-1661511)。
文摘Recently,natural van der Waals heterostructures of(MnBi2 Te4)m(Bi2 Te3)n have been theoretically predicted and experimentally shown to host tunable magnetic properties and topologically nontrivial surface states.We systematically investigate both the structural and electronic responses of MnBi2 Te4 and MnBi4 Te7 to external pressure.In addition to the suppression of antiferromagnetic order,MnBi2 Te4 is found to undergo a metalsemiconductor-metal transition upon compression.The resistivity of MnBi4 Te7 changes dramatically under high pressure and a non-monotonic evolution of p(T)is observed.The nontrivial topology is proved to persist before the structural phase transition observed in the high-pressure regime.We find that the bulk and surface states respond differently to pressure,which is consistent with the non-monotonic change of the resistivity.Interestingly,a pressure-induced amorphous state is observed in MnBi2 Te4,while two high-pressure phase transitions are revealed in MnBi4 Te7.Our combined theoretical and experimental research establishes MnBi2 Te4 and MnBi4 Te7 as highly tunable magnetic topological insulators,in which phase transitions and new ground states emerge upon compression.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42050203).
文摘An impact structure 1400 m in diameter,formed by a bolide impact,has been discovered on Baijifeng Mountain in Tonghua City in Northeast China’s Jilin province.The impact structure takes the form of a cirque-shaped depression on the top of the mountain and is located in a basement mainly composed of Proterozoic sandstone and Jurassic granite.A large number of rock fragments composed mainly of sandstone,with a small amount of granite,are distributed on the top of Baijifeng Mountain.Planar deformation features(PDFs)have been found in quartz in the rock and mineral clasts collected from the surface inside the depression.The forms of the PDFs indexed in the quartz include among others,{1013},{1012},and{1011}.The presence of these PDFs provides diagnostic evidence for shock metamorphism and the impact origin of the structure.The impact event took place after the Jurassic Period and probably much later.
基金H.K.Mao is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.U1930401.
文摘High pressure science and technology is a vast area of inter-disciplinary research that encompasses the fields of physics,chem-istry,geoscience,and materials science and in which the science of ordinary matter is only a special case under ambient condi-tions.Pressure,the physical variable of force exerted on the chem-ical bonding of a material,directly controls the material’s phys-ical and chemical properties.
文摘Materials transform abruptly under compression,with their properties varying as strong functions of pressure.Advances in highpressure and probe technology have enabled experimental characterizations up to several hundred gigapascal(GPa).Studies in the physical sciences are now expanding to include a vast previously uncharted pressure region in which transformative ideas and discoveries are becoming commonplace.Matter and Radiation under Extremes(MRE)is taking advantage of this opportunity to provide a forum for publishing the finest peer-reviewed research in highpressure science and technology on the basis of its interdisciplinary interest,importance,timeliness,and surprising conclusions.This MRE HP Special Volume gathers together a set of contemporary perspectives,highlights,reviews,and research articles in multiple disciplines of high-pressure physics,chemistry,materials,and geoscience that illustrate both current and forthcoming trends in this exciting research area.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22075003,U2030206)。
文摘Perovskite-type lithium lanthanum titanates(LLTO)display a high bulk ionic conductivity and are considered a promising electrolyte for building up to advanced solid-state Li-ion batteries.The LLTO crystals contain a high concentration of intrinsically formed 90ο-rotated domain boundaries(DBs)serving as barriers to bulk Li-ion conduction.However,the mechanism of how the DB concentration and DB resistance can compete with each other to determine the bulk conductivity of LLTO is still unknown.Here we report a comprehensive study of LLTO compounds,aimed to unravel the mechanism and hence explore new path(s)for further improving the conductivity of this material.Our results show that both the sintering temperature and chemical composition can affect significantly the domain structures in LLTO.It is found that a decrease in the DB concentration is always accompanied by increased DB resistance due to the increased lattice mismatch at DBs,and vice versa.By unifying the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis,it is clearly shown that the high DB resistance,instead of DB concentration,acts as the dominant factor governing the bulk conductivity of LLTO.The results thus renew the conventional understanding of the bulk Li-ion conduction in LLTO and shed light on developing novel LLTO electrolyte materials with improved ionic conductivity.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1403900 and 2021YFA1401800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U2032214,12122414,12104487,and 12004419)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program(B)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB25000000)supports from the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the CAS(Grant No.2019008)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.E0BK111)。
文摘We report the observation of a magnetic transition at the temperature about 56 K,through the high-pressure heat capacity and magnetic susceptibility measurements on the samples that have been claimed to be a nearroom-temperature superconductor[Dasenbrock-Gammon et al.Nature 615,244(2023)].Our results show that this magnetic phase is robust against pressure up to 4.3 GPa,which covers the critical pressure of boosting the claimed superconductivity.
基金financial support from the Shanghai Key Laboratory of MFree,China(Grant No.22dz2260800)the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee,China(Grant No.22JC1410300)。
文摘New results presented in the 2023 MRE HP Special Volume clearly demonstrate the cross-disciplinary synergistic progress in high-pressure physics and chemistry.The prevalence of pressure-induced crystal chemistry of clathrate-like host-vip cages in borides,^(1,2)nitrides,^(3)and hydrides^(4)has led to exotic compositions and physical properties.
