This study focused on improving the cathode performance of Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.85)Nb_(0.15)O_(3-δ)(BSCN)-based perovskite materials through molybdenum(Mo)doping.Pure BSCN and Mo-modified-BSCN—Ea_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0...This study focused on improving the cathode performance of Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.85)Nb_(0.15)O_(3-δ)(BSCN)-based perovskite materials through molybdenum(Mo)doping.Pure BSCN and Mo-modified-BSCN—Ea_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.85)Nb_(0.1)Mo_(0.05)O_(3-δ)(B S CNM_(0.05)),Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.85)Nb_(0.05)Mo_(0.1)O_(3-δ)(BSCNM_(0.1)),and Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.85)Mo_(0.15)O_(3-δ)(BSCM)—with Mo doping contents of 5mol%,10mol%,and15mol%,respectively,were successfully prepared using the sol-gel method.The effects of Mo doping on the crystal structure,conductivity,thermal expansion coefficient,oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)activity,and electrochemical performance were systematically evaluated using X-ray diffraction analysis,thermally induced characterization,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,and single-cell performance tests.The results revealed that Mo doping could improve the conductivity of the materials,suppress their thermal expansion effects,and significantly improve the electrochemical performance.Surface chemical state analysis using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that 5mol%Mo doping could facilitate a high adsorbed oxygen concentration leading to enhanced ORR activity in the materials.Density functional theory calculations confirmed that Mo doping promoted the ORR activity in the materials.At an operating temperature of 600℃,the BSCNM_(0.05)cathode material exhibited significantly enhanced electrochemical impedance characteristics,with a reduced area specific resistance of 0.048Ω·cm~2,which was lower than that of the undoped BSCN matrix material by 32.39%.At the same operating temperature,an anode-supported single cell using a BSCNM_(0.05)cathode achieved a peak power density of 1477 mW·cm^(-2),which was 30.71%,56.30%,and 171.50%higher than those of BSCN,BSCNM_(0.1),and B SCM,respectively.The improved ORR activity and electrochemical performance of BSCNM_(0.05)indicate that it can be used as a cathode material in low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells.展开更多
Solid oxide cells(SOCs),which include solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs),symmetrical solid oxide cells(S-SOCs),and reversible solid oxide cells(R-SOCs),are considered key technologies for driving low-carbon and green revol...Solid oxide cells(SOCs),which include solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs),symmetrical solid oxide cells(S-SOCs),and reversible solid oxide cells(R-SOCs),are considered key technologies for driving low-carbon and green revolution in the energy sector.Because of their clean,low-cost,and high-efficiency characteristics,SOCs have great potential for energy conversion and storage.However,the further development of SOC technologies faces challenges,such as a lack of long-term operational stability of the cell system,high material cost under high-temperature operating conditions,and limited catalytic effects at low temperatures.Recently,high-entropy materials(HEMs)have demonstrated excellent performance and wide application prospects in catalytic reactions,energy storage,supercapacitors,and other fields owing to their unique atomic arrangement and the four core effects(high mixed entropy stabilization effect,sluggish dif-fusion effect,lattice distortion effect,and“cocktail”effect).HEMs provide a new perspective for solving the aforementioned problems in the field of SOCs.This comprehensive review summarizes the applications of HEMs in the three fundamental components of SOCs:elec-trodes,electrolytes,and interconnects,focusing on the role of HEMs in enhancing catalytic activity and conductivity while mitigating harmful gas poisoning.In addition,this review proposes possible development directions for HEMs in SOCs based on the current re-search progress,providing valuable reference for high-entropy designs aimed at further enhancing the performance of SOCs.展开更多
Cyclic wetting-drying alternation has a significant influence on the strength and structure of soils.It is prone to causing soil softening and disintegration,highlighting the importance to improve the soil's resis...Cyclic wetting-drying alternation has a significant influence on the strength and structure of soils.It is prone to causing soil softening and disintegration,highlighting the importance to improve the soil's resistance to disintegration.This paper utilizes a self-developed disintegration test apparatus to analyze the disintegration characteristics of improved red soil under wet-dry cycles,focusing on the disintegration amount and ratio.Furthermore,XRD(X-ray diffraction),SEM(scanning electron microscope),tensile test,and contact angle test are employed to investigate the anti-disintegration behaviors of the improved red soil.The results show that the disintegrating amount and ratio of undisturbed and improved red soil are distinctly different under wet-dry cycles.Linear,stepped,constant and concave but perfect"S"shapes of the disintegrating ratio are observed in the cyclic tests.Cement and lime strengthen the red soil primarily through hydration reaction.The drop experiment confirms that cement plays a crucial role in restraining the disintegration.When the ameliorant content is low,the correlation between pore parameters and disintegration duration of red soil follows the order:mean shape coefficient>fractal dimension>probability entropy>area probability distribution index.With a high ameliorant content,the correlation remains similar,with slightly higher correlation for probability entropy.Under wet-dry cycle conditions,sludge and kaolin can improve the soil through the bonding of clay particles.The improved water repellency greatly enhances the resistance to disintegration of the altered red soil.The research provides valuable insights for the practical application of soil.展开更多
Moist-electric power generation is an emerging energy technology that collects energy from the environment and converts it into electrical energy through the interaction of moisture with materials.Although most of the...Moist-electric power generation is an emerging energy technology that collects energy from the environment and converts it into electrical energy through the interaction of moisture with materials.Although most of the moist-electric generators(MEGs)have achieved continuous breakthroughs in open-circuit voltage(V_(OC))and duration at present,it has been proven to be a challenge to maintain a continuous relatively high short-circuit current(ISC).Herein,electrospun nanofiber-based Janus heterogeneous film with both moisture absorption and moisture evaporation characteristics is prepared,and excellent power output performance MEGs have been fabricated by setting perforated electrode at each side respectively.Results have demonstrated the Janus nanofiber moist-electric generator(JFMEG)can generate a V_(OC)of 0.6 V with a continuous power generation time of up to 30 d and a maximum I_(SC)of about 44µA cm^(−2)at 95%relative humidity.In addition,the I_(SC)maintenance time above 10µA cm^(−2)is close to 40 h The integrated device can power commercial equipment and can be used for self-powered breath detection.Additionally,the self-powered field-effect transistor by JFMEG has been fabricated,demonstrating excellent output characteristics.The detailed working mechanism of JFMEG and the influencing factors of power generation performance are systematically analyzed,which can provide reference for the performance improvement of similar moist-electric devices.展开更多
Since the invention of amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide(IGZO)based thin-film transistors(TFTs)by Hideo Hosono in 2004,investigations on the topic of IGZO TFTs have been rapidly expanded thanks to their high electri...Since the invention of amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide(IGZO)based thin-film transistors(TFTs)by Hideo Hosono in 2004,investigations on the topic of IGZO TFTs have been rapidly expanded thanks to their high electrical performance,large-area uniformity,and low processing temperature.This article reviews the recent progress and major trends in the field of IGZO-based TFTs.After a brief introduction of the history of IGZO and the main advantages of IGZO-based TFTs,an overview of IGZO materials and IGZO-based TFTs is given.In this part,IGZO material electron travelling orbitals and deposition methods are introduced,and the specific device structures and electrical performance are also presented.Afterwards,the recent advances of IGZO-based TFT applications are summarized,including flat panel display drivers,novel sensors,and emerging neuromorphic systems.In particular,the realization of flexible electronic systems is discussed.The last part of this review consists of the conclusions and gives an outlook over the field with a prediction for the future.展开更多
Wie present a 29-year-old woman with pT2N0M0 breast cancer,histological diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma,ER and PR low positive,and HER-2(3+).The patient developed trastuzumab-induced thrombocytopenia in 6 hours...Wie present a 29-year-old woman with pT2N0M0 breast cancer,histological diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma,ER and PR low positive,and HER-2(3+).The patient developed trastuzumab-induced thrombocytopenia in 6 hours after an intravenous infusion of trastuzumab at the second cycle of trastuzumab treatment with the symptom of abnormal uterine bleeding.Laboratory exam revealed a sharp drop of platelet count down to 3X109/L.With the treatment of single-donor platelet transfusions,glucocorticoids,oxytocin and thrombopoietic drugs,the platelet count recovered completely in 11 days.This case was confirmed to be severe thrombocytopenia induced by trastuzumab,and retreatment with trastuzumab was not attempted.With increasing clinical utilization of trastuzumab,clinicians are likely to encounter more life-threatening trastuzumab induced severe thrombocytopenia.By this case report and literature review we hope to increase the awareness,attach the attentions to this condition,and help with the effective treatment.展开更多
In the current work, in situ surface passivation Ge substrate by using trimethylaluminum（TMA） prior to HfTiO films deposition and electrical properties of HfTiO/Ge gate stacks have been investigated by X-ray photoel...In the current work, in situ surface passivation Ge substrate by using trimethylaluminum（TMA） prior to HfTiO films deposition and electrical properties of HfTiO/Ge gate stacks have been investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS） and electrical measurements systematically. Based on analysis from XPS measurements, it has been confirmed that the interfacial layer of HfTiO/Ge gate stack has been suppressed effectively after 20 half-ALD cycles TMA pretreatment. Electrical properties of metal-oxidesemiconductor（MOS） capacitor based on HfTiO gate dielectrics have shown that the MOS capacitor with20 cycles TMA cleaning exhibits the lowest interface state density（~7.56 eV^（-1）cm^（-2）） and the smallest leakage current（~2.67 × 10^（-5）A/cm^2）. Correspondingly, the leakage current conduction mechanisms for MOS capacitor device with 20 cycles TMA cleaning also have been discussed in detail.展开更多
To explore highly active and thermomechanical stable air electrodes for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells(ITSOFCs),10mol%Ta5+doped in the B site of strontium ferrite perovskite oxide(SrTa_(0.1)Fe_(0.9)O_...To explore highly active and thermomechanical stable air electrodes for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells(ITSOFCs),10mol%Ta5+doped in the B site of strontium ferrite perovskite oxide(SrTa_(0.1)Fe_(0.9)O_(3-δ),STF)is investigated and optimized.The effects of Ta^(5+)doping on structure,transition metal reduction,oxygen nonstoichiometry,thermal expansion,and electrical performance are evaluated systematically.Via 10mol%Ta^(5+)doping,the thermal expansion coefficient(TEC)decreased from 34.1×10^(-6)(SrFeO_(3-δ))to 14.6×10^(-6) K^(-1)(STF),which is near the TEC of electrolyte(13.3×10^(-6) K^(-1) for Sm_(0.2)Ce_(0.8)O_(1.9),SDC),indicates excellent thermomechanical compatibility.At 550-750℃,STF shows superior oxygen vacancy concentrations(0.262 to 0.331),which is critical in the oxygen-reduction reaction(ORR).Oxygen temperature-programmed desorption(O_(2)-TPD)indicated the thermal reduction onset temperature of iron ion is around 420℃,which matched well with the inflection points on the thermos-gravimetric analysis and electrical conductivity curves.At 600℃,the STF electrode shows area-specific resistance(ASR)of 0.152Ω·cm^(2) and peak power density(PPD)of 749 mW·cm^(-2).ORR activity of STF was further improved by introducing 30wt%Sm_(0.2)Ce_(0.8)O_(1.9)(SDC)powder,STF+SDC composite cathode achieving outstanding ASR value of 0.115Ω·cm2 at 600℃,even comparable with benchmark cobalt-containing cathode,Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(BSCF).Distribution of relaxation time(DRT)analysis revealed that the oxygen surface exchange and bulk diffusion were improved by forming a composite cathode.At 650℃,STF+SDC composite cathode achieving an outstanding PPD of 1117 mW·cm^(-2).The excellent results suggest that STF and STF+SDC are promising air electrodes for IT-SOFCs.展开更多
In this study, five 2 -4 years old healthy female poodles were selected and mated after spontaneous estrus for pregnancy diagnosis with external observa- tion, human chorionic gonadotropin colloidal gold rapid test st...In this study, five 2 -4 years old healthy female poodles were selected and mated after spontaneous estrus for pregnancy diagnosis with external observa- tion, human chorionic gonadotropin colloidal gold rapid test strips （human early pregnancy test strips）, ultrasonic diagnosis and blood routine examination. Accord- ing to the results, female dogs showed abdominal circumference increment and mammogenesis from a month post-mating to parturition and lactated before parturi- tion. At 5, 6, 7, 15, 25 and 35 d post-mating, pregnancy diagnosis with human chorionic gonadotropin colloidal gold rapid test strips showed negative results. Hu- man early pregnancy test strips can not be used for pregnancy diagnosis in female dogs. Currently, ultrasonic method is the most accurate method to diagnose preg- nancy in female dogs, and the optimal diagnosis time is the 30th d post-mating. External observation and blood routine examination can be used as auxiliary methods to diagnose pregnancy in female dogs.展开更多
The homojunction based on Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene-doped In_(2)O_(3) and indium oxide as the channel layer is real-ized in high-performance metal oxide thin film transistors(TFTs).Doping of MXene into In_(2)O_(3) result...The homojunction based on Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene-doped In_(2)O_(3) and indium oxide as the channel layer is real-ized in high-performance metal oxide thin film transistors(TFTs).Doping of MXene into In_(2)O_(3) results in n-type semiconductor behavior,realizing tunable work function of In_(2)O_(3) from 5.11 to 4.79 eV as MXene content increases from 0 to 2 wt.%.MXene-doped In_(2)O_(3)-based homojunction TFT presents optimal per-formance with electron mobilities of greater than 27.10 cm^(2)/(V s)at 240°C,far exceeding the maximum mobility of 3.91 cm^(2)/(V s)for single-layer In_(2)O_(3)TFTs.The improved performance originates from boosting of a two-dimensional electron gas(2DEG)formed at carefully engineered In_(2)O_(3)/MXene-doped In_(2)O_(3)ox-ide homojunction interface.Besides,the transformation in conduction mechanism leads to better stability of MXene-doped In_(2)O_(3) homojunction devices compared to undoped bilayer In_(2)O_(3).Low-frequency noise further illustrates that doping MXene into In_(2)O_(3) helps to reduce the device trap density,demonstrating excellent electrical performance.A resistor-loaded unipolar inverter based on In_(2)O_(3)/0.5%MXene-In_(2)O_(3)TFT has demonstrated full swing characteristics and a high gain of 13.The effective doping of MXene into constructed homojunction TFTs not only contributes to improved stability,but also provides an ef-fective strategy for designing novel homojunction TFTs for low-cost oxide-based electronics.展开更多
Fermi level pinning and interface instability have hindered the achievement of field-effect-transistors(FETs)with high performance.Interface passivation and doping engineering technology have become the main driving f...Fermi level pinning and interface instability have hindered the achievement of field-effect-transistors(FETs)with high performance.Interface passivation and doping engineering technology have become the main driving force to solve the issue.Herein,interface chemistry and transport characteristics determination of Hf_(1-x)Yb_(x)O_(y)/Al_(2)O_(3)/GaSb gate stacks have been achieved by passivation and doping process.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization and electrical measurements have demonstrated the existence of less intrinsic oxides and elemental Sb at Hf_(1-x)Yb_(x)O_(y)/Al_(2)O_(3)/GaSb interface with optimized doping content,as well as the minimum leakage current density of 2.23×10^(5)A cm.The energy distribution of interface state based on conductance method has confirmed the achievement of the lowest interface state density of 1.98×10^(13)e Vcm,resulting in Fermi level unpinning.Carrier transport mechanisms of Hf_(1-x)Yb_(x)O_(y)/Al_(2)O_(3)/GaSb MOS capacitors as a function of temperature have been investigated systematically and some important electrical parameters have been extracted.Comprehensive analyses show that sputtering-derived Hf_(1-x)Yb_(x)O_(y)/Al_(2)O_(3)/GaSb(x=0.32)gate stack has potential application in future Ga Sbbased metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor(MOSFET)devices.展开更多
This work presents solution-processed high-performance graphene quantum dots(GQDs)decorated amor-phous InGaZnO(α-IGZO)thin-film transistors(TFTs)based on ZrO x as gate dielectrics.Compare with pure IGZO TFTs,GQDs-mod...This work presents solution-processed high-performance graphene quantum dots(GQDs)decorated amor-phous InGaZnO(α-IGZO)thin-film transistors(TFTs)based on ZrO x as gate dielectrics.Compare with pure IGZO TFTs,GQDs-modifiedα-IGZO TFTs devices with optimized doping content have demonstrated better performances,including a larger field-effect mobility(μFE)of 35.91 cm 2 V^(-1)s^(-1),a higher on/offcurrent ratio(I ON/I OFF)of 5.04×10^(8),a smaller subthreshold swing(SS)of 0.11 V dec^(-1)and a smaller interfacial trap states(D it,1.57×10^(12)cm^(−2)).Moreover,the GQDs-doped IGZO TFTs with a doping concentration of 0.5 mg ml^(-1)have shown excellent stability under bias stress and illumination stress conditions.To demonstrate the potential applications ofα-IGZO TFTs in logic circuits,a resistor-loaded unipolar inverter based on GQDs-IGZO/ZrO x has been integrated,demonstrating good dynamic behavior and a high gain of 9.3.Low-frequency noise(LFN)characteristics of GQDs-IGZO/ZrO x TFTs have suggested that the fluctua-tions in mobility are the noise source.Based on all the experimental findings,it can be concluded that solution-processed GQDs-IGZO/ZrO x TFT may envision promising applications in optoelectronics.展开更多
Emulation of synaptic function by ionic/electronic hybrid device is crucial for brain-like computing and neuromorphic systems.Electric-double-layer(EDL)transistors with proton conducting electrolytes as the gate diele...Emulation of synaptic function by ionic/electronic hybrid device is crucial for brain-like computing and neuromorphic systems.Electric-double-layer(EDL)transistors with proton conducting electrolytes as the gate dielectrics provide a prospective approach for such application.Here,artificial synapses based on indium-tungsten-oxide(IWO)-based EDL transistors are proposed,and some important synaptic functions(excitatory post-synaptic current,paired-pulse facilitation,filtering)are emulated.Two types of spike-timing-dependent plasticity(Hebbian STDP and anti-Hebbian STDP)learning rules and multistore memory(sensory memory,short-term memory,and long-term memory)are also mimicked.At last,classical conditioning is successfully demonstrated.Our results indicate that IWO-based neuromorphic transistors are interesting for neuromorphic applications.展开更多
Maize rough dwarf disease is a common epidemic disease in large areas.Its epidemic and occurrence mechanism is a complex process.In this paper,the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of maize rough...Maize rough dwarf disease is a common epidemic disease in large areas.Its epidemic and occurrence mechanism is a complex process.In this paper,the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of maize rough dwarf disease in Huang-Huai-Hai plain were elaborated based on the research results of maize rough dwarf disease at home and abroad for many years.The epidemic of maize rough dwarf disease is affected by many factors,such as the occurrence and virus carrying rate of the first generation small brown planthopper,accumulation of virus sources on gramineous crops and weed hosts,maize variety resistance,maize sowing date,maize growth period,crop layout,tillage system,climate and ecological environment.The key factors causing the outbreak and epidemic of maize rough dwarf disease are the planting of maize susceptible varieties,the meeting of maize seedling stage and the peak period of adult spread of the first generation of small brown planthopper.展开更多
Amide proton transfer (APT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important molecularimaging technique at the protein level in tissue. Neurodegenerative diseases have a highlikelihood of causing abnormal protein accu...Amide proton transfer (APT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important molecularimaging technique at the protein level in tissue. Neurodegenerative diseases have a highlikelihood of causing abnormal protein accumulation in the brain, which can be detectedby APT MRI. This article briefly introduces the principles and image processing technologyof APT MRI, and reviews the current state of research on Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease using this technique. Early applications of this approach in these twoneurodegenerative diseases are encouraging, which also suggests continued technicaldevelopment and larger clinical trials to gauge the value of this technique.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide,highlighting the urgent need for novel preventive and therapeutic strategies.Emerging research highlights the cruc...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide,highlighting the urgent need for novel preventive and therapeutic strategies.Emerging research highlights the crucial role of the gut microbiota,including bacteria,fungi,viruses,and their metabolites,in the pathogenesis of CRC.Dysbiosis,characterized by an imbalance in microbial composition,contributes to tumorigenesis through immune modulation,metabolic reprogramming,and genotoxicity.Specific bacterial species,such as Fusobacterium nucleatum and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis,along with fungal agents like Candida species,have been implicated in CRC progression.Moreover,viral factors,including Epstein-Barr virus and human cytomegalovirus,are increasingly recognized for their roles in promoting inflammation and immune evasion.This review synthesizes the latest evidence on host-microbiome interactions in CRC,emphasizing microbial metabolites,such as short-chain fatty acids and bile acids,which may act as both risk factors and therapeutic agents.We further discuss the latest advances in microbiota-targeted clinical applications,including biomarker-assisted diagnosis,next-generation probiotics,and microbiome-based interventions.A deeper understanding of the role of gut microbiome in CRC pathogenesis could pave the way for diagnostic,preventive,and personalized therapeutic strategies.展开更多
Symmetric solid oxide fuel cells(SSOFCs)have gained significant attention owing to their cost-effective fabrication,superior thermomechanical compatibility,and enhanced long-term stability.Ammonia(NH_(3)),an excellent...Symmetric solid oxide fuel cells(SSOFCs)have gained significant attention owing to their cost-effective fabrication,superior thermomechanical compatibility,and enhanced long-term stability.Ammonia(NH_(3)),an excellent hydrogen carrier,is a promising clean energy source with high energy density,easy transportation and storage.Notably,NH_(3) contained only nitrogen and hydrogen,making it carbon-free.In this study,we synthesize the highly active symmetric electrode material Pr_(0.32)Sr_(0.48)Fe_(0.75)Ni_(0.2)Ru_(0.05)O_(3-δ)(PSFNRu)by replacing partial Fe in Pr_(0.32)Sr_(0.48)Fe_(0.8)Ni_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(PSFN)with 5 mol%Ru.PSFNRu possesses a sufficient quantity of oxygen vacancies,with the capacity to in-situ exsolved alloy nanoparticles(ANPs)in a reducing atmosphere.This nanocomposite is found to promote electrochemical reactions.For example,at 800℃,the SSOFC employing the PSFNRu electrode achieves a peak power density(PPD)of 736 mW·cm^(-2) when using hydrogen(H_(2))as the fuel.Under NH_(3) conditions,the cell delivers a PPD of 547 mW·cm^(-2),significantly surpassing the 462 mW·cm^(-2) recorded for a comparable cell employing the PSFN electrode.The enhanced cell performance is mainly ascribed to Ru doping,which boosts the ORR activity and facilitates the in-situ exsolution of ANPs at the anode,increasing active sites and accelerating NH_(3) decomposition.In addition,remarkable operational stability of the single cell(172 h under NH_(3) fuel at 700℃)is also demonstrated.These encouraging experimental results highlight the superiority of PSFNRu as the bi-functional electrodes for direct ammonia symmetric solid oxide fuel cells(DA-SSOFCs),and providing a potential and reliable pathway towards accelerating the development of DA-SSOFCs.展开更多
Protonic ceramic fuel cells(PCFCs)are more suitable for operation at low temperatures due to their smaller activation energy(Ea).Unfortunately,the utilization of PCFC technology at reduced temperatures is limited by t...Protonic ceramic fuel cells(PCFCs)are more suitable for operation at low temperatures due to their smaller activation energy(Ea).Unfortunately,the utilization of PCFC technology at reduced temperatures is limited by the lack of durable and high-activity air electrodes.A lot number of cobalt-based oxides have been developed as air electrodes for PCFCs,due to their high oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)activity.However,cobalt-based oxides usually have more significant thermal expansion coefficients(TECs)and poor thermomechanical compatibility with electrolytes.These characteristics can lead to cell delamination and degradation.Herein,we rationally design a novel cobalt-containing composite cathode material with the nominal composition of Sr_(4)Fe_(4)Co_(2)O_(13)+δ(SFC).SFC is composed of tetragonal perovskite phase(Sr_(8)Fe_(8)O_(23)+δ,I4/mmm,81 wt.%)and spinel phase(Co_(3)O_(4),Fd3m,19 wt.%).The SFC composite cathode displays an ultra-high oxygen ionic conductivity(0.053 S·cm^(-1)at 550℃),superior CO_(2)tolerance,and suitable TEC value(17.01×10^(-6)K^(-1)).SFC has both the O_(2)^(-)/e^(-)conduction function,and the triple conducting(H^(+)/O_(2)^(-)/e^(-))capability was achieved by introducing the protonic conduction phase(BaZr_(0.2)Ce_(0.7)Y_(0.1)O_(3-δ),BZCY)to form SFC+BZCY(70 wt.%:30 wt.%).The SFC+BZCY composite electrode exhibits superior ORR activity at a reduced temperature with extremely low area-specific resistance(ASR,0.677Ω·cm^(2)at 550℃),profound peak power density(PPD,535 mW·cm^(-2)and 1.065 V at 550℃),extraordinarily long-term durability(>500 h for symmetrical cell and 350 h for single cell).Moreover,the composite has an ultra-low TEC value(15.96×10^(-6)K^(-1)).This study proves that SFC+BZCY with triple conducting capacity is an excellent cathode for low-temperature PCFCs.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22309067)the Open Project Program of the State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering,China(No.KL21-05)the Marine Equipment and Technology Institute,Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,China(No.XTCX202404)。
文摘This study focused on improving the cathode performance of Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.85)Nb_(0.15)O_(3-δ)(BSCN)-based perovskite materials through molybdenum(Mo)doping.Pure BSCN and Mo-modified-BSCN—Ea_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.85)Nb_(0.1)Mo_(0.05)O_(3-δ)(B S CNM_(0.05)),Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.85)Nb_(0.05)Mo_(0.1)O_(3-δ)(BSCNM_(0.1)),and Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.85)Mo_(0.15)O_(3-δ)(BSCM)—with Mo doping contents of 5mol%,10mol%,and15mol%,respectively,were successfully prepared using the sol-gel method.The effects of Mo doping on the crystal structure,conductivity,thermal expansion coefficient,oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)activity,and electrochemical performance were systematically evaluated using X-ray diffraction analysis,thermally induced characterization,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,and single-cell performance tests.The results revealed that Mo doping could improve the conductivity of the materials,suppress their thermal expansion effects,and significantly improve the electrochemical performance.Surface chemical state analysis using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that 5mol%Mo doping could facilitate a high adsorbed oxygen concentration leading to enhanced ORR activity in the materials.Density functional theory calculations confirmed that Mo doping promoted the ORR activity in the materials.At an operating temperature of 600℃,the BSCNM_(0.05)cathode material exhibited significantly enhanced electrochemical impedance characteristics,with a reduced area specific resistance of 0.048Ω·cm~2,which was lower than that of the undoped BSCN matrix material by 32.39%.At the same operating temperature,an anode-supported single cell using a BSCNM_(0.05)cathode achieved a peak power density of 1477 mW·cm^(-2),which was 30.71%,56.30%,and 171.50%higher than those of BSCN,BSCNM_(0.1),and B SCM,respectively.The improved ORR activity and electrochemical performance of BSCNM_(0.05)indicate that it can be used as a cathode material in low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells.
基金supported by the Industrial Foresight Projects and Common Key Technologies of Zhenjiang(No.GY2024028)The authors also acknowledged the support of the Marine Equipment and Technology Institute,Jiangsu University of Science and Technology(No.XTCX202404).
文摘Solid oxide cells(SOCs),which include solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs),symmetrical solid oxide cells(S-SOCs),and reversible solid oxide cells(R-SOCs),are considered key technologies for driving low-carbon and green revolution in the energy sector.Because of their clean,low-cost,and high-efficiency characteristics,SOCs have great potential for energy conversion and storage.However,the further development of SOC technologies faces challenges,such as a lack of long-term operational stability of the cell system,high material cost under high-temperature operating conditions,and limited catalytic effects at low temperatures.Recently,high-entropy materials(HEMs)have demonstrated excellent performance and wide application prospects in catalytic reactions,energy storage,supercapacitors,and other fields owing to their unique atomic arrangement and the four core effects(high mixed entropy stabilization effect,sluggish dif-fusion effect,lattice distortion effect,and“cocktail”effect).HEMs provide a new perspective for solving the aforementioned problems in the field of SOCs.This comprehensive review summarizes the applications of HEMs in the three fundamental components of SOCs:elec-trodes,electrolytes,and interconnects,focusing on the role of HEMs in enhancing catalytic activity and conductivity while mitigating harmful gas poisoning.In addition,this review proposes possible development directions for HEMs in SOCs based on the current re-search progress,providing valuable reference for high-entropy designs aimed at further enhancing the performance of SOCs.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42102303)the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province,China(Grant No.202401CF070174)the Xingdian Talent Support Program(Grant No.C619300A130).
文摘Cyclic wetting-drying alternation has a significant influence on the strength and structure of soils.It is prone to causing soil softening and disintegration,highlighting the importance to improve the soil's resistance to disintegration.This paper utilizes a self-developed disintegration test apparatus to analyze the disintegration characteristics of improved red soil under wet-dry cycles,focusing on the disintegration amount and ratio.Furthermore,XRD(X-ray diffraction),SEM(scanning electron microscope),tensile test,and contact angle test are employed to investigate the anti-disintegration behaviors of the improved red soil.The results show that the disintegrating amount and ratio of undisturbed and improved red soil are distinctly different under wet-dry cycles.Linear,stepped,constant and concave but perfect"S"shapes of the disintegrating ratio are observed in the cyclic tests.Cement and lime strengthen the red soil primarily through hydration reaction.The drop experiment confirms that cement plays a crucial role in restraining the disintegration.When the ameliorant content is low,the correlation between pore parameters and disintegration duration of red soil follows the order:mean shape coefficient>fractal dimension>probability entropy>area probability distribution index.With a high ameliorant content,the correlation remains similar,with slightly higher correlation for probability entropy.Under wet-dry cycle conditions,sludge and kaolin can improve the soil through the bonding of clay particles.The improved water repellency greatly enhances the resistance to disintegration of the altered red soil.The research provides valuable insights for the practical application of soil.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11774001 and 52202156)the Scientific Research Project of Colleges and Universities in Anhui Province(No.2022AH050113)+2 种基金the University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province(No.GXXT-2022-012)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M760010)the Postdoctoral Daily Public Start-up Funds of Anhui University(No.S202418001/069).
文摘Moist-electric power generation is an emerging energy technology that collects energy from the environment and converts it into electrical energy through the interaction of moisture with materials.Although most of the moist-electric generators(MEGs)have achieved continuous breakthroughs in open-circuit voltage(V_(OC))and duration at present,it has been proven to be a challenge to maintain a continuous relatively high short-circuit current(ISC).Herein,electrospun nanofiber-based Janus heterogeneous film with both moisture absorption and moisture evaporation characteristics is prepared,and excellent power output performance MEGs have been fabricated by setting perforated electrode at each side respectively.Results have demonstrated the Janus nanofiber moist-electric generator(JFMEG)can generate a V_(OC)of 0.6 V with a continuous power generation time of up to 30 d and a maximum I_(SC)of about 44µA cm^(−2)at 95%relative humidity.In addition,the I_(SC)maintenance time above 10µA cm^(−2)is close to 40 h The integrated device can power commercial equipment and can be used for self-powered breath detection.Additionally,the self-powered field-effect transistor by JFMEG has been fabricated,demonstrating excellent output characteristics.The detailed working mechanism of JFMEG and the influencing factors of power generation performance are systematically analyzed,which can provide reference for the performance improvement of similar moist-electric devices.
基金The authors are grateful for the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62074075,61834001)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFB2205400).
文摘Since the invention of amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide(IGZO)based thin-film transistors(TFTs)by Hideo Hosono in 2004,investigations on the topic of IGZO TFTs have been rapidly expanded thanks to their high electrical performance,large-area uniformity,and low processing temperature.This article reviews the recent progress and major trends in the field of IGZO-based TFTs.After a brief introduction of the history of IGZO and the main advantages of IGZO-based TFTs,an overview of IGZO materials and IGZO-based TFTs is given.In this part,IGZO material electron travelling orbitals and deposition methods are introduced,and the specific device structures and electrical performance are also presented.Afterwards,the recent advances of IGZO-based TFT applications are summarized,including flat panel display drivers,novel sensors,and emerging neuromorphic systems.In particular,the realization of flexible electronic systems is discussed.The last part of this review consists of the conclusions and gives an outlook over the field with a prediction for the future.
基金Fund supported by the President Foundation of Nanfang Hospital,Southern Medical University(2016L007).
文摘Wie present a 29-year-old woman with pT2N0M0 breast cancer,histological diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma,ER and PR low positive,and HER-2(3+).The patient developed trastuzumab-induced thrombocytopenia in 6 hours after an intravenous infusion of trastuzumab at the second cycle of trastuzumab treatment with the symptom of abnormal uterine bleeding.Laboratory exam revealed a sharp drop of platelet count down to 3X109/L.With the treatment of single-donor platelet transfusions,glucocorticoids,oxytocin and thrombopoietic drugs,the platelet count recovered completely in 11 days.This case was confirmed to be severe thrombocytopenia induced by trastuzumab,and retreatment with trastuzumab was not attempted.With increasing clinical utilization of trastuzumab,clinicians are likely to encounter more life-threatening trastuzumab induced severe thrombocytopenia.By this case report and literature review we hope to increase the awareness,attach the attentions to this condition,and help with the effective treatment.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51572002, 11474284)the Technology Foundation for Selected Overseas Chinese Scholar,Ministry of Personnel of China (No. J05015131)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No. 1608085MA06)
文摘In the current work, in situ surface passivation Ge substrate by using trimethylaluminum（TMA） prior to HfTiO films deposition and electrical properties of HfTiO/Ge gate stacks have been investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS） and electrical measurements systematically. Based on analysis from XPS measurements, it has been confirmed that the interfacial layer of HfTiO/Ge gate stack has been suppressed effectively after 20 half-ALD cycles TMA pretreatment. Electrical properties of metal-oxidesemiconductor（MOS） capacitor based on HfTiO gate dielectrics have shown that the MOS capacitor with20 cycles TMA cleaning exhibits the lowest interface state density（~7.56 eV^（-1）cm^（-2）） and the smallest leakage current（~2.67 × 10^（-5）A/cm^2）. Correspondingly, the leakage current conduction mechanisms for MOS capacitor device with 20 cycles TMA cleaning also have been discussed in detail.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(No.2018ND133J)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22309067 and 22101150)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BK20190965).
文摘To explore highly active and thermomechanical stable air electrodes for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells(ITSOFCs),10mol%Ta5+doped in the B site of strontium ferrite perovskite oxide(SrTa_(0.1)Fe_(0.9)O_(3-δ),STF)is investigated and optimized.The effects of Ta^(5+)doping on structure,transition metal reduction,oxygen nonstoichiometry,thermal expansion,and electrical performance are evaluated systematically.Via 10mol%Ta^(5+)doping,the thermal expansion coefficient(TEC)decreased from 34.1×10^(-6)(SrFeO_(3-δ))to 14.6×10^(-6) K^(-1)(STF),which is near the TEC of electrolyte(13.3×10^(-6) K^(-1) for Sm_(0.2)Ce_(0.8)O_(1.9),SDC),indicates excellent thermomechanical compatibility.At 550-750℃,STF shows superior oxygen vacancy concentrations(0.262 to 0.331),which is critical in the oxygen-reduction reaction(ORR).Oxygen temperature-programmed desorption(O_(2)-TPD)indicated the thermal reduction onset temperature of iron ion is around 420℃,which matched well with the inflection points on the thermos-gravimetric analysis and electrical conductivity curves.At 600℃,the STF electrode shows area-specific resistance(ASR)of 0.152Ω·cm^(2) and peak power density(PPD)of 749 mW·cm^(-2).ORR activity of STF was further improved by introducing 30wt%Sm_(0.2)Ce_(0.8)O_(1.9)(SDC)powder,STF+SDC composite cathode achieving outstanding ASR value of 0.115Ω·cm2 at 600℃,even comparable with benchmark cobalt-containing cathode,Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(BSCF).Distribution of relaxation time(DRT)analysis revealed that the oxygen surface exchange and bulk diffusion were improved by forming a composite cathode.At 650℃,STF+SDC composite cathode achieving an outstanding PPD of 1117 mW·cm^(-2).The excellent results suggest that STF and STF+SDC are promising air electrodes for IT-SOFCs.
基金Supported by Agricultural Project of Taizhou City,Jiangsu Province(TN2013012)College-level Project of Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Voca tional College(NSFYB1305)Innovation Training Program for Students in Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province(201312806013Y)
文摘In this study, five 2 -4 years old healthy female poodles were selected and mated after spontaneous estrus for pregnancy diagnosis with external observa- tion, human chorionic gonadotropin colloidal gold rapid test strips （human early pregnancy test strips）, ultrasonic diagnosis and blood routine examination. Accord- ing to the results, female dogs showed abdominal circumference increment and mammogenesis from a month post-mating to parturition and lactated before parturi- tion. At 5, 6, 7, 15, 25 and 35 d post-mating, pregnancy diagnosis with human chorionic gonadotropin colloidal gold rapid test strips showed negative results. Hu- man early pregnancy test strips can not be used for pregnancy diagnosis in female dogs. Currently, ultrasonic method is the most accurate method to diagnose preg- nancy in female dogs, and the optimal diagnosis time is the 30th d post-mating. External observation and blood routine examination can be used as auxiliary methods to diagnose pregnancy in female dogs.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11774001)the Anhui Project(No.Z010118169).
文摘The homojunction based on Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene-doped In_(2)O_(3) and indium oxide as the channel layer is real-ized in high-performance metal oxide thin film transistors(TFTs).Doping of MXene into In_(2)O_(3) results in n-type semiconductor behavior,realizing tunable work function of In_(2)O_(3) from 5.11 to 4.79 eV as MXene content increases from 0 to 2 wt.%.MXene-doped In_(2)O_(3)-based homojunction TFT presents optimal per-formance with electron mobilities of greater than 27.10 cm^(2)/(V s)at 240°C,far exceeding the maximum mobility of 3.91 cm^(2)/(V s)for single-layer In_(2)O_(3)TFTs.The improved performance originates from boosting of a two-dimensional electron gas(2DEG)formed at carefully engineered In_(2)O_(3)/MXene-doped In_(2)O_(3)ox-ide homojunction interface.Besides,the transformation in conduction mechanism leads to better stability of MXene-doped In_(2)O_(3) homojunction devices compared to undoped bilayer In_(2)O_(3).Low-frequency noise further illustrates that doping MXene into In_(2)O_(3) helps to reduce the device trap density,demonstrating excellent electrical performance.A resistor-loaded unipolar inverter based on In_(2)O_(3)/0.5%MXene-In_(2)O_(3)TFT has demonstrated full swing characteristics and a high gain of 13.The effective doping of MXene into constructed homojunction TFTs not only contributes to improved stability,but also provides an ef-fective strategy for designing novel homojunction TFTs for low-cost oxide-based electronics.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11774001)the Anhui Project(No.Z010118169)。
文摘Fermi level pinning and interface instability have hindered the achievement of field-effect-transistors(FETs)with high performance.Interface passivation and doping engineering technology have become the main driving force to solve the issue.Herein,interface chemistry and transport characteristics determination of Hf_(1-x)Yb_(x)O_(y)/Al_(2)O_(3)/GaSb gate stacks have been achieved by passivation and doping process.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization and electrical measurements have demonstrated the existence of less intrinsic oxides and elemental Sb at Hf_(1-x)Yb_(x)O_(y)/Al_(2)O_(3)/GaSb interface with optimized doping content,as well as the minimum leakage current density of 2.23×10^(5)A cm.The energy distribution of interface state based on conductance method has confirmed the achievement of the lowest interface state density of 1.98×10^(13)e Vcm,resulting in Fermi level unpinning.Carrier transport mechanisms of Hf_(1-x)Yb_(x)O_(y)/Al_(2)O_(3)/GaSb MOS capacitors as a function of temperature have been investigated systematically and some important electrical parameters have been extracted.Comprehensive analyses show that sputtering-derived Hf_(1-x)Yb_(x)O_(y)/Al_(2)O_(3)/GaSb(x=0.32)gate stack has potential application in future Ga Sbbased metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor(MOSFET)devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11774001)the Anhui Project(No.Z010118169)the Open Fund Project of Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of MEMS in Shaoxing University(No.MEMSZ-JERC2202).
文摘This work presents solution-processed high-performance graphene quantum dots(GQDs)decorated amor-phous InGaZnO(α-IGZO)thin-film transistors(TFTs)based on ZrO x as gate dielectrics.Compare with pure IGZO TFTs,GQDs-modifiedα-IGZO TFTs devices with optimized doping content have demonstrated better performances,including a larger field-effect mobility(μFE)of 35.91 cm 2 V^(-1)s^(-1),a higher on/offcurrent ratio(I ON/I OFF)of 5.04×10^(8),a smaller subthreshold swing(SS)of 0.11 V dec^(-1)and a smaller interfacial trap states(D it,1.57×10^(12)cm^(−2)).Moreover,the GQDs-doped IGZO TFTs with a doping concentration of 0.5 mg ml^(-1)have shown excellent stability under bias stress and illumination stress conditions.To demonstrate the potential applications ofα-IGZO TFTs in logic circuits,a resistor-loaded unipolar inverter based on GQDs-IGZO/ZrO x has been integrated,demonstrating good dynamic behavior and a high gain of 9.3.Low-frequency noise(LFN)characteristics of GQDs-IGZO/ZrO x TFTs have suggested that the fluctua-tions in mobility are the noise source.Based on all the experimental findings,it can be concluded that solution-processed GQDs-IGZO/ZrO x TFT may envision promising applications in optoelectronics.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11674162 and 61834001)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2018YFA0305800 and 2019YFB2205400).
文摘Emulation of synaptic function by ionic/electronic hybrid device is crucial for brain-like computing and neuromorphic systems.Electric-double-layer(EDL)transistors with proton conducting electrolytes as the gate dielectrics provide a prospective approach for such application.Here,artificial synapses based on indium-tungsten-oxide(IWO)-based EDL transistors are proposed,and some important synaptic functions(excitatory post-synaptic current,paired-pulse facilitation,filtering)are emulated.Two types of spike-timing-dependent plasticity(Hebbian STDP and anti-Hebbian STDP)learning rules and multistore memory(sensory memory,short-term memory,and long-term memory)are also mimicked.At last,classical conditioning is successfully demonstrated.Our results indicate that IWO-based neuromorphic transistors are interesting for neuromorphic applications.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0200603)the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(2018GSF121029)the Innovation Project for Agricultural Sciences of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2016B11-Green Control)
文摘Maize rough dwarf disease is a common epidemic disease in large areas.Its epidemic and occurrence mechanism is a complex process.In this paper,the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of maize rough dwarf disease in Huang-Huai-Hai plain were elaborated based on the research results of maize rough dwarf disease at home and abroad for many years.The epidemic of maize rough dwarf disease is affected by many factors,such as the occurrence and virus carrying rate of the first generation small brown planthopper,accumulation of virus sources on gramineous crops and weed hosts,maize variety resistance,maize sowing date,maize growth period,crop layout,tillage system,climate and ecological environment.The key factors causing the outbreak and epidemic of maize rough dwarf disease are the planting of maize susceptible varieties,the meeting of maize seedling stage and the peak period of adult spread of the first generation of small brown planthopper.
文摘Amide proton transfer (APT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important molecularimaging technique at the protein level in tissue. Neurodegenerative diseases have a highlikelihood of causing abnormal protein accumulation in the brain, which can be detectedby APT MRI. This article briefly introduces the principles and image processing technologyof APT MRI, and reviews the current state of research on Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease using this technique. Early applications of this approach in these twoneurodegenerative diseases are encouraging, which also suggests continued technicaldevelopment and larger clinical trials to gauge the value of this technique.
基金The present study was funded by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFA0509200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81421001,81530072,81830081,82372849,82422011 and 82403688)+5 种基金Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(No.20JC1410100)Shanghai Municipal Health Commission,Collaborative Innovation Cluster Project(No.2019CXJQ02)State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes(No.KF2128-93)Innovative research team of high-level local universities in Shanghai,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine’s top discipline-Clinical Medicine“Research-oriented Physician”(No.20240806)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(24ZR1444400)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.YG2024QNB10).
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide,highlighting the urgent need for novel preventive and therapeutic strategies.Emerging research highlights the crucial role of the gut microbiota,including bacteria,fungi,viruses,and their metabolites,in the pathogenesis of CRC.Dysbiosis,characterized by an imbalance in microbial composition,contributes to tumorigenesis through immune modulation,metabolic reprogramming,and genotoxicity.Specific bacterial species,such as Fusobacterium nucleatum and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis,along with fungal agents like Candida species,have been implicated in CRC progression.Moreover,viral factors,including Epstein-Barr virus and human cytomegalovirus,are increasingly recognized for their roles in promoting inflammation and immune evasion.This review synthesizes the latest evidence on host-microbiome interactions in CRC,emphasizing microbial metabolites,such as short-chain fatty acids and bile acids,which may act as both risk factors and therapeutic agents.We further discuss the latest advances in microbiota-targeted clinical applications,including biomarker-assisted diagnosis,next-generation probiotics,and microbiome-based interventions.A deeper understanding of the role of gut microbiome in CRC pathogenesis could pave the way for diagnostic,preventive,and personalized therapeutic strategies.
基金granted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22309067 and 22279057)Financial Program of BJAST(No.25CA002).
文摘Symmetric solid oxide fuel cells(SSOFCs)have gained significant attention owing to their cost-effective fabrication,superior thermomechanical compatibility,and enhanced long-term stability.Ammonia(NH_(3)),an excellent hydrogen carrier,is a promising clean energy source with high energy density,easy transportation and storage.Notably,NH_(3) contained only nitrogen and hydrogen,making it carbon-free.In this study,we synthesize the highly active symmetric electrode material Pr_(0.32)Sr_(0.48)Fe_(0.75)Ni_(0.2)Ru_(0.05)O_(3-δ)(PSFNRu)by replacing partial Fe in Pr_(0.32)Sr_(0.48)Fe_(0.8)Ni_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(PSFN)with 5 mol%Ru.PSFNRu possesses a sufficient quantity of oxygen vacancies,with the capacity to in-situ exsolved alloy nanoparticles(ANPs)in a reducing atmosphere.This nanocomposite is found to promote electrochemical reactions.For example,at 800℃,the SSOFC employing the PSFNRu electrode achieves a peak power density(PPD)of 736 mW·cm^(-2) when using hydrogen(H_(2))as the fuel.Under NH_(3) conditions,the cell delivers a PPD of 547 mW·cm^(-2),significantly surpassing the 462 mW·cm^(-2) recorded for a comparable cell employing the PSFN electrode.The enhanced cell performance is mainly ascribed to Ru doping,which boosts the ORR activity and facilitates the in-situ exsolution of ANPs at the anode,increasing active sites and accelerating NH_(3) decomposition.In addition,remarkable operational stability of the single cell(172 h under NH_(3) fuel at 700℃)is also demonstrated.These encouraging experimental results highlight the superiority of PSFNRu as the bi-functional electrodes for direct ammonia symmetric solid oxide fuel cells(DA-SSOFCs),and providing a potential and reliable pathway towards accelerating the development of DA-SSOFCs.
基金This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22179054)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22101150)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BK20190965)Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(No.18KJB470011).
文摘Protonic ceramic fuel cells(PCFCs)are more suitable for operation at low temperatures due to their smaller activation energy(Ea).Unfortunately,the utilization of PCFC technology at reduced temperatures is limited by the lack of durable and high-activity air electrodes.A lot number of cobalt-based oxides have been developed as air electrodes for PCFCs,due to their high oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)activity.However,cobalt-based oxides usually have more significant thermal expansion coefficients(TECs)and poor thermomechanical compatibility with electrolytes.These characteristics can lead to cell delamination and degradation.Herein,we rationally design a novel cobalt-containing composite cathode material with the nominal composition of Sr_(4)Fe_(4)Co_(2)O_(13)+δ(SFC).SFC is composed of tetragonal perovskite phase(Sr_(8)Fe_(8)O_(23)+δ,I4/mmm,81 wt.%)and spinel phase(Co_(3)O_(4),Fd3m,19 wt.%).The SFC composite cathode displays an ultra-high oxygen ionic conductivity(0.053 S·cm^(-1)at 550℃),superior CO_(2)tolerance,and suitable TEC value(17.01×10^(-6)K^(-1)).SFC has both the O_(2)^(-)/e^(-)conduction function,and the triple conducting(H^(+)/O_(2)^(-)/e^(-))capability was achieved by introducing the protonic conduction phase(BaZr_(0.2)Ce_(0.7)Y_(0.1)O_(3-δ),BZCY)to form SFC+BZCY(70 wt.%:30 wt.%).The SFC+BZCY composite electrode exhibits superior ORR activity at a reduced temperature with extremely low area-specific resistance(ASR,0.677Ω·cm^(2)at 550℃),profound peak power density(PPD,535 mW·cm^(-2)and 1.065 V at 550℃),extraordinarily long-term durability(>500 h for symmetrical cell and 350 h for single cell).Moreover,the composite has an ultra-low TEC value(15.96×10^(-6)K^(-1)).This study proves that SFC+BZCY with triple conducting capacity is an excellent cathode for low-temperature PCFCs.
