Organic solar cells(OSCs)have emerged as promising candidates for next‐generation photovoltaics,yet traditional bulk heterojunction(BHJ)devices face inherent limitations in morphology control and phase separation.La...Organic solar cells(OSCs)have emerged as promising candidates for next‐generation photovoltaics,yet traditional bulk heterojunction(BHJ)devices face inherent limitations in morphology control and phase separation.Layer‐by‐layer(LbL)processing with a p–i–n configuration offers an innovative solution by enabling precise control over donor–acceptor distribution and interfacial characteristics.Here,we systematically investigate nine halogen‐functionalized additives across three categories—methyl halides,thiophene halides,and benzene halides—for optimizing LbL device performance.These additives,distinguished by their diverse thermal properties and solid–liquid transformation capabilities below 100°C,are functionalized as both nucleation centers and morphology‐modulating plasticizers during thermal treatment.Among them,2‐bromo‐5‐iodothiophene(BIT)demonstrates superior performance through synergistic effects of its bromine–iodine combination and thiophene core in mediating donor–acceptor interactions.LbL devices processed with BIT achieve exceptional metrics in the PM6/L8‐BO system,including a open‐circuit voltage of 0.916 V,a short‐circuit current density of 27.12 mA cm−2,and an fill factor of 80.97%,resulting in an impressive power conversion efficiency of 20.12%.This study establishes a molecular design strategy for halogen‐functionalized additives that simultaneously optimizes both donor and acceptor layers while maintaining processing simplicity for potential industrial applications.展开更多
This review summarized the recent progress of highly efficient wide bandgap(WBG) donor polymers and their applications in non-fullerene polymer solar cells(NF-PSCs). A brief introduction of the background of WBG donor...This review summarized the recent progress of highly efficient wide bandgap(WBG) donor polymers and their applications in non-fullerene polymer solar cells(NF-PSCs). A brief introduction of the background of WBG donor polymer developments was given. Then the research progress of the reported WBG donor polymers by classification of D-type and DààA type molecular backbones was reviewed. The resulting structure-property correlations of the WBG donor polymers were also discussed to highlight the importance of chemical modifications, which have promoted the great progress of NF-PSC field. Finally,an outlook for future innovations of WBG donor polymers and their NF-PSCs was provided.展开更多
Background and Objective: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in hypoxia-triggered tumor vasculogenesis. However, the homing of exogenous EPCs in tumors is still unclear. In this study, we inves...Background and Objective: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in hypoxia-triggered tumor vasculogenesis. However, the homing of exogenous EPCs in tumors is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the recruitment of exogenous EPCs in human lung adenocarcinoma model of nude mice. Methods: EPCs labeled with green fluorescence protein (GFP) were transplanted into nude mice bearing human lung adenocarcinoma. The growth of tumor was observed. After the mice were killed, GFP-EPCs in different tissues were examined by fluorescence. The tumor tissues were stained for CD133, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α), stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (KDR). Real-time polymerase chain reaction of CD133, HIF-1α, SDF-1α, and VEGF-1 were also performed. Results: The growth of tumor in EPC group was significantly faster than that in saline solution group (P < 0.05). Under fluorescence microscope, GFP-EPCs were strongly expressed in both tumor and bone marrow. EPCs were recruited to the tumor periphery to participate in tumor vasculogenesis. The expression of CD133, HIF-1α, and SDF-1 mRNA in tumor and bone marrow were significantly higher than that in the liver, spleen, and skin (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Exogenous EPCs can be recruited to tumor and accelerate tumor growth. Except tumor, bone marrow can also recruit EPCs.展开更多
Osteoarthritis is recognised to be an interactive pathological process involving the cartilage, subchondral bone and synovium. The signals from the synovium play an important role in cartilage metabolism, but little i...Osteoarthritis is recognised to be an interactive pathological process involving the cartilage, subchondral bone and synovium. The signals from the synovium play an important role in cartilage metabolism, but little is known regarding the influence of the signalling from bone. Additionally, the collagenases and stromelysin-1 are involved in cartilage catabolism through mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signalling, but the role of the gelatinases has not been elucidated. Here, we studied the influence of osteoclastic signals on chondrocytes by characterising the expression of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）-induced gelatinases through MAPK signalling. We found that osteoclast-conditioned media attenuated the gelatinase activity in chondrocytes. However, IL-1β induced increased levels of gelatinase activity in the conditioned media group relative to the mono-cultured chondrocyte group. More specifically, IL-1β restored high levels of gelatinase activity in c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor-pretreated chondrocytes in the conditioned media group and led to lower levels of gelatinase activity in extracellular signal-regulated kinase or p38 inhibitor-pretreated chondrocytes. Gene expression generally correlated with protein expression. Taken together, these results show for the first time that signals from osteoclasts can influence gelatinase activity in chondrocytes. Furthermore, these data show that IL-11~ restores gelatinase activity through MAPK inhibitors; this information can help to increase the understanding of the gelatinase modulation in articular cartilage.展开更多
A ring-shaped Mg?8.5 Gd?4 Y?1 Zn?0.4 Zr(wt%) alloy was manufactured via centrifugal casting and ring-rolling process. The effects of accumulative ring-rolling reduction amount on the microstructure, texture, and tensi...A ring-shaped Mg?8.5 Gd?4 Y?1 Zn?0.4 Zr(wt%) alloy was manufactured via centrifugal casting and ring-rolling process. The effects of accumulative ring-rolling reduction amount on the microstructure, texture, and tensile properties of the alloy were investigated. The results indicate that the microstructure of centrifugal cast alloy consists of equiaxed grains and network-like eutectic structure present at grain boundaries. The ring-rolled alloy exhibits a characteristic bimodal microstructure composed of fine dynamic recrystallized(DRXed) grains with weak basal texture and coarse un-DRXed grains with strong basal texture, along with the presence of LPSO phase. With increasing amount of accumulative ring-rolling reduction, the coarse un-DRXed grains are refined via the formation of increasing amount of fine DRXed grains. Meanwhile, the dynamic precipitation of Mg5 RE phase occurs, generating a dispersion strengthening effect. A superior combination of strength and ductility is achieved in the ring-rolled alloy after an accumulative rolling reduction of 80%. The tensile strength of this ring-rolled alloy after peak aging is further enhanced, reaching 511 MPa, while keeping a reasonable ductility. The salient strengthening mechanisms identified include the grain boundary strengthening of fine DRXed grains, dispersion strengthening of dynamic precipitated Mg;RE phase, short fiber strengthening of LPSO lamellae/rods, and precipitation strengthening of nano-sized prismatic β precipitates and basal γ precipitates.展开更多
This review paper summarizes the recent progress of highly efficient copolymers with the fluorination strategy for photovoltaic applications.We first present a brief introduction of the fundamental principles of polym...This review paper summarizes the recent progress of highly efficient copolymers with the fluorination strategy for photovoltaic applications.We first present a brief introduction of the fundamental principles of polymer solar cells,and then the functions of fluorine atoms on the polymer donor materials.Finally,we review the research progress of the reported copolymers by classification of the fluorinated acceptor units and donor units,respectively.The resulting structure-property correlations of these copolymers are also discussed which shall certainly facilitate widespread utilization of this strategy for constructing high-performance photovoltaic copolymers in the future.展开更多
Developing excellent absorption-dominant electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding composites is an urgent demand for the rapid development of 5 G technology and electronic equipment.Herein,a simple strategy is emplo...Developing excellent absorption-dominant electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding composites is an urgent demand for the rapid development of 5 G technology and electronic equipment.Herein,a simple strategy is employed to fabricate carbon nanotubes-polypropylene fibers(CP)/polypropylene-glass fibers felt(PGFF)/Fe 3 O 4 composites with superior EMI shielding effectiveness and low reflection due to the magnetic-conductive bi-gradient structure which is naturally formed by deposition during the vacuum-assisted filtration process.The difference in dimensionality between one-dimensional CNT with outstand-ing electrical conductivity and zero-dimensional magnetic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles is the theoretical basis for the successful construction of the magnetic-conductive bi-gradient structure in a gap-rich PGFF matrix that endows the composites with“absorb-reflect-reabsorb”EMI shieldingmechanism.Whentheelectro-magnetic waves are incident from the magnetic layer,the EMI shielding effectiveness(SE)reaches 48.9 dB as the weight percentage of the conductive layer increases,more importantly,the reflection coefficients are reduced by more than 0.32 compared with that of another incident pattern.What’s more,the re-sultant composites exhibit an outstanding signal shielding function in the application.This work paves a convenient pathway for designing a magnetic-conductive bi-gradient structure and efficient absorbing EMI shielding composites applied in the next-generated electronic information and communication field.展开更多
The well SK-I in the Songliao Basin is the first scientific borehole targeting the continental Cretaceous strata in China. Oval concretions, thin laminae and beds of dolostone are found intercalated within mudstone an...The well SK-I in the Songliao Basin is the first scientific borehole targeting the continental Cretaceous strata in China. Oval concretions, thin laminae and beds of dolostone are found intercalated within mudstone and organic-rich black shale in the Nenjiang Formation of Campanian age. Low ordered ferruginous dolomite is composed of euhedral--subhedral rhombs with cloudy nucleus and light rims formed during the diagenesis, which are typical features of replacement. The heavy carbon isotopes （δ13CPDB -- 1.16-16.0） are results of both the fermentation of organic matter by microbes and degassing of carbon dioxide during the period of diagenesis, and the presence of light oxygen isotopes （δ18OPDB- 18.53--5.1） is a characteristic feature of fresh water influence which means the carbonate may have been altered by ground water or rainwater in the late diagenesis. Marine water incursions into the nor- mally lacustrine basin have been proved by both the salinity of Z value and the occurrence of foraminifera in the same strata where dolomite occurs. Pyrite framboids observed by SEM are usually enclosed in the dolomite crystals or in the mudstones, supporting the sulfate reducing bacteria （SRB）. The formation of both dolomite and pyrite are associated with marine water incursions, which not only supply magnesium ion for dolomite, but also result in limited carbonate precipitation in the basin. The presence of pyrite framboids indicates the development of an anoxic environment associated with salinity stratification in the lake. The dolomite in the Nenjiang Formation is the results of marine water incursions, diagenetic replacement of calcareous carbonate and sulfate reducing bacteria （SRB）.展开更多
Two lowly fused non-fullerene acceptors(NFAs)with isomeric structures,named as BTP-out-4F and BTP-in-4F,were developed by tailoring the fused 7-ring central core of Y6 into a lowly fused 5-ring linked with two octylox...Two lowly fused non-fullerene acceptors(NFAs)with isomeric structures,named as BTP-out-4F and BTP-in-4F,were developed by tailoring the fused 7-ring central core of Y6 into a lowly fused 5-ring linked with two octyloxythiophene bridges.BTP-out-4F with octyloxy side chains away from the central core exhibited large steric hindrance that restrained the rotational freedom between the thiophene bridge and end group but maintained free rotation between the central core and the thiophene bridge.In contrast,BTP-in-4F with octyloxy side chains close to the central core had much lower rotation freedom due to the non-covalent S⋯O interactions locked the central core,thiophene bridge and end group simultaneously,making BTP-in-4F have higher molecular crystallinity.On the other hand,the optical properties,energy levels and the blend morphology properties were significantly influenced,leading to distinctive photovoltaic performances.BTP-out-4F formed favorable energy level alignment and morphology when matching with PBDB-T donor,thus its device realized a much higher PCE of 13.32%,which was over 13 times than that of BTP-in-4F based device(PCE=0.97%).展开更多
Cancer is a serious threat to humans due to its high mortality. The efforts to fully understand cancer and to fight against it have never been stopped. The traditional therapies, such as surgery, radiotherapy and chem...Cancer is a serious threat to humans due to its high mortality. The efforts to fully understand cancer and to fight against it have never been stopped. The traditional therapies, such as surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, are useful but cannot meet the increasing demands of patients. As such, novel approaches against cancer are urgently required. It has been found that the acidic tumor microenvironment plays important roles in promoting the cancer progression. In recent years, sodium bicarbonate(NaHCO_(3)), a simple inorganic salt, has been found to be able to reverse the p H of tumor microenvironment and inhibit the invasion, metastasis, immune evasion, drug resistance and hypoxia of tumor cells. Thus, NaHCO_(3)-based therapy is a potential approach for the treatment of cancer, and the related studies have been increasingly reported. Herein, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the acidic tumor microenvironment and summarize the applications and mechanisms of Na HCO_(3)in cancer therapy. The combination of Na HCO;with chemotherapy, immunotherapy or nanoparticles systems is discussed. In addition, the concerns of Na HCO_(3)in clinical use and the potential ways to use Na HCO_(3)for cancer therapy are also discussed.展开更多
Two new binuclear (europium and lanthanum) beta-diketone complexes Eu0.9La0.1(TTA)(3)Phen and Eu0.5La0.5(TTA)(3)Phen in which Phen is 1,10-phenanthroline, TTA is an anion of thenoyltrifluoroacetone (HTTA) were synthes...Two new binuclear (europium and lanthanum) beta-diketone complexes Eu0.9La0.1(TTA)(3)Phen and Eu0.5La0.5(TTA)(3)Phen in which Phen is 1,10-phenanthroline, TTA is an anion of thenoyltrifluoroacetone (HTTA) were synthesized for the first time. They showed intense photoluminescence (PL) and mechanoluminescence (ML), and had their maximum PL and ML spectra peaked at 613.5 nm with half bandwidth of 10 nm respectively. Their PL and ML intensity were obviously stronger than these from Eu(TTA)(3)Phen. It is considered that binuclear (europium and lanthanum) beta-diketones complexes are promising ML and PL materials.展开更多
Recently, perylene diimide （PDI） derivatives were attractive as the electron-deficient acceptor materials in non-fullerene organic solar cells since Tang first used a single PDI compound as the n-type semiconductor ...Recently, perylene diimide （PDI） derivatives were attractive as the electron-deficient acceptor materials in non-fullerene organic solar cells since Tang first used a single PDI compound as the n-type semiconductor to fabricate photovoltaic devices in 1986, which achieved a power conversion efficiency of 1%. Beside the monomeric PDIs, the linear and three dimensional （3D） PDl-based small molecular acceptors have also made great achievements with the power conversion efficiencies over 9.0% in single- junction polymer solar cells, and over 10.0% in tandem solar cells. The excellent device performance can be realized by forming suitable twisted structure, developing suitable donor materials and optimizing device technologies. In this review, we summarize the recent development of PDl-based small molecular non-fullerene acceptors in non-fullerene organic solar cells, including molecular design strategies and structure-property relationships.展开更多
Perovskite solar cells(PVSCs)have emerged as a promising photovoltaic technology and have attracted wide research interest due to their outstanding photovoltaic performance,low cost,and the ability to fabricate largea...Perovskite solar cells(PVSCs)have emerged as a promising photovoltaic technology and have attracted wide research interest due to their outstanding photovoltaic performance,low cost,and the ability to fabricate largearea devices.An impressive certified power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 25.2%has been achieved,demonstrating the excellent potential of PVSCs for future applications.Hole-transporting materials play a key role in improving the device performance of PVSCs by facilitating the extraction of photogenerated holes and their transport from the perovskite layer to the anode.This review provides a brief introduction to PVSCs and summarizes the recent progress in small molecule hole-transporting materials(SM-HTMs)bearing various cores and different4-anisylamino-based end caps.We classify the end caps into N,N-di-4-anisylamino(DAA),4-(N,N-di-4-anisylamino)benzo(DAB),and N3,N6(or N2,N7)-bis(di-4-anisylamino)-9 H-carbazole(3,6-DAC or 2,7-DAC)groups.We also review the core type,end cap position and number,how these affect the overall properties of the SM-HTMs,and the resultant PVSC device performances.Finally,the challenges and perspectives for the future development of SM-HTMs are presented.展开更多
In this article,three novel and simple molecular structure with donor-acceptor(D-A) type copolymers via only head-to-head alkoxy(OR) and/or alkylthio(SR) side chains onto the bithiophene(BT) as donor units and fluorin...In this article,three novel and simple molecular structure with donor-acceptor(D-A) type copolymers via only head-to-head alkoxy(OR) and/or alkylthio(SR) side chains onto the bithiophene(BT) as donor units and fluorinated benzotriazole(FBTA) as acceptor unit,namely,PBTOR-FBTA,PBTOSR-FBTA and PBTSRFBTA,were successfully designed and synthesized.The impacts of sulfur-oxygen(S…O) or sulfur-sulfur(S-S) noncovalent interactions on their physicochemical properties,molecular stacking,carrier mobility,morphologies of blend films,as well as their photovoltaic performance were deeply and systematically studied.The introduction of SR side-chains suddenly lowered the highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO) energy levels,blue-shifted absorption,enhanced π-π stacking,as well as improved morphology of the photoactive layer blends in comparison with the re ference polymer without SR side-chain.Polymer solar cells(PSCs) were fabricated to estimate their photovoltaic performance of the polymers.Under an optimized blend ratio of PBTSR-FBTA:PC71BM(1:0.8,w/w),the PBTSR-FBTAbased device exhibits a higher power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 6.25%,which is about 3.34 and 1.87 folds than that of the PBTOR-FBTA and PBTOSR-FBTA-based devices,respectively.Our research results demonstrate that the modification of the simple and low-cost SR side chains is an effective strategy to improve the photovoltaic performance of the polymers.展开更多
To provided the experimental materials for identifying and cloning the quantitative trait loci （QTLs） of cold tolerance at the seedling stage, the authors analyzed QTLs and evaluated the genetic effects of two paren...To provided the experimental materials for identifying and cloning the quantitative trait loci （QTLs） of cold tolerance at the seedling stage, the authors analyzed QTLs and evaluated the genetic effects of two parents and a mapping population of 213 lines （recombination inbred lines, RILs） derived from a cross between IR24 and Asominori for cold tolerance at the seedling stage with dead seedling rate by using software QTL IciMapping 4.0, based on a genetic linkage map constructed with 141 SSR molecular markers. The QTLs qCTS -6, qCTS -1 1 and qCTS -1 2 related to cold tolerance at the seedling stage were detected on chromosome 6, 11 and 12, respectively. Individual QTLs （LOD-3.194 3, LOD： 4.688 2, LOD-3.797 0） explained 5.662 7%, 8.549 6% and 12.787 7% of the observed phenotypic variance, respectively. All of the three detected QTLs alleles came from cold-tolerant parent Asominori.展开更多
Panicle length and effective panicle number of rice are closely related to yield. In this experiment, indica V20B as female parent was crossed with javanica CPSLO17 as male parent, recombinant inbred line （RIL） popu...Panicle length and effective panicle number of rice are closely related to yield. In this experiment, indica V20B as female parent was crossed with javanica CPSLO17 as male parent, recombinant inbred line （RIL） populations were obtained by single seed descent method, and with the RIL populations as mapping populations, QTL mapping and analysis were performed to the two panicle traits, panicle length and effective panicle. A high-density genetic map was constructed with SLAF labels, interval mapping was performed by software Map QTL5 under the threshold of 3.9, and 7 QTLs were detected on 3 chromosomes in total. Among the 7 QTLs, 5 QTLs controlling panicle length （qPLI-1, qPL1-2, qPL6-1, qPI_6-2 and qPL6-3） were located on chromosomes 1 and 6, respectively, and showed the contribution rates of 6.41%, 22.22%, 6.15%, 12.24% and 13.01%, respectively, their effect-increasing loci were mainly from CPSLO17, and qPL1-1 is a new QTL; and 2 QTLs controlling effective panicle number （qPN1 and qPN4） were located on chromosomes 1 and 4, respectively, and exhibited the contribution rates of 13.15% and 8.18%, respectively, and the effect-increasing loci were from parent V2OB. The marking of these loci lays a foundation for further cloning of genes controlling panicle length and effective panicle number and molecular marker-assisted selection.展开更多
Dynamic spectrum access (DSA) scheme in Cognitive Radio (CR) can solve the current problem of scarce spectrum resource effectively, in which the unlicensed users (i.e. Second Users, SUs) can access the licensed spectr...Dynamic spectrum access (DSA) scheme in Cognitive Radio (CR) can solve the current problem of scarce spectrum resource effectively, in which the unlicensed users (i.e. Second Users, SUs) can access the licensed spectrum in opportunistic ways without interference to the licensed users (i.e. Primary Users, PUs). However, SUs have to vacate the spectrum because of PUs coming, in this case the spectrum switch occurs, and it leads to the increasing of SUs’ delay. In this paper, we proposed a Variable Service Rate (VSR) scheme with the switch buffer as to real-time traffic (such as VoIP, Video), in order to decrease the average switch delay of SUs and improve the other performance. Different from previous studies, the main characteristics of our studying of VSR in this paper as follows: 1) Our study is on the condition of real-time traffic and we establish three-dimension Markov model;2) Using the internal optimization strategy, including switching buffer, optimizing buffer and variable service rate;3) As to the real-time traffic, on the condition of meeting the Quality of Service(QoS) on dropping probability, the average switch delay is decreased as well as improving the other performance. By extensive simulation and numerical analysis, the performance of real-time traffic is improved greatly on the condition of ensuring its dropping probability. The result fully demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the variable service rate scheme.展开更多
Camellia oleifera is one of the four largest oil tree species in the world,and also an important economic crop in China,which has overwhelming economic benefits.However,Camellia oleifera is invaded by various diseases...Camellia oleifera is one of the four largest oil tree species in the world,and also an important economic crop in China,which has overwhelming economic benefits.However,Camellia oleifera is invaded by various diseases during its growth process,which leads to yield reduction and profit damage.To address this problem and ensure the healthy growth of Camellia oleifera,the purpose of this study is to apply the lightweight network to the identification and detection of camellia oleifolia leaf disease.The attention mechanism was combined for highlighting the local features and improve the attention of the model to the key areas of Camellia oleifera disease images.To prove the recognition of the optimized network on Camellia oleifera leaf disease,we tested the network performance of the optimized model with other object detection algorithms such as YOLOV5s,SSD,Faster-RCNN,YOLOv8,and YOLOv10.The results show that the mAP,recall,and accuracy of the trained network achieved 82.9%,75.7% and 80.6%,respectively.The optimized YOLO-Lite model has the advantages of small size and few parameters while ensuring high accuracy,thus it has a satisfactory effect on leaf disease identification of Camellia oleifera.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB4200500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,22379101 and 22422904)Sichuan Natural Science Foundation(2024NSFSC0001 and 2025ZNSFSC0960).
文摘Organic solar cells(OSCs)have emerged as promising candidates for next‐generation photovoltaics,yet traditional bulk heterojunction(BHJ)devices face inherent limitations in morphology control and phase separation.Layer‐by‐layer(LbL)processing with a p–i–n configuration offers an innovative solution by enabling precise control over donor–acceptor distribution and interfacial characteristics.Here,we systematically investigate nine halogen‐functionalized additives across three categories—methyl halides,thiophene halides,and benzene halides—for optimizing LbL device performance.These additives,distinguished by their diverse thermal properties and solid–liquid transformation capabilities below 100°C,are functionalized as both nucleation centers and morphology‐modulating plasticizers during thermal treatment.Among them,2‐bromo‐5‐iodothiophene(BIT)demonstrates superior performance through synergistic effects of its bromine–iodine combination and thiophene core in mediating donor–acceptor interactions.LbL devices processed with BIT achieve exceptional metrics in the PM6/L8‐BO system,including a open‐circuit voltage of 0.916 V,a short‐circuit current density of 27.12 mA cm−2,and an fill factor of 80.97%,resulting in an impressive power conversion efficiency of 20.12%.This study establishes a molecular design strategy for halogen‐functionalized additives that simultaneously optimizes both donor and acceptor layers while maintaining processing simplicity for potential industrial applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21825502, 51573107, 91633301 and 21432005)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China (No. sklpme2017-2-04)
文摘This review summarized the recent progress of highly efficient wide bandgap(WBG) donor polymers and their applications in non-fullerene polymer solar cells(NF-PSCs). A brief introduction of the background of WBG donor polymer developments was given. Then the research progress of the reported WBG donor polymers by classification of D-type and DààA type molecular backbones was reviewed. The resulting structure-property correlations of the WBG donor polymers were also discussed to highlight the importance of chemical modifications, which have promoted the great progress of NF-PSC field. Finally,an outlook for future innovations of WBG donor polymers and their NF-PSCs was provided.
基金Chinese National Natural Science Foundation Program (No.30700876)SED project (No.2006B026)
文摘Background and Objective: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in hypoxia-triggered tumor vasculogenesis. However, the homing of exogenous EPCs in tumors is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the recruitment of exogenous EPCs in human lung adenocarcinoma model of nude mice. Methods: EPCs labeled with green fluorescence protein (GFP) were transplanted into nude mice bearing human lung adenocarcinoma. The growth of tumor was observed. After the mice were killed, GFP-EPCs in different tissues were examined by fluorescence. The tumor tissues were stained for CD133, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α), stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (KDR). Real-time polymerase chain reaction of CD133, HIF-1α, SDF-1α, and VEGF-1 were also performed. Results: The growth of tumor in EPC group was significantly faster than that in saline solution group (P < 0.05). Under fluorescence microscope, GFP-EPCs were strongly expressed in both tumor and bone marrow. EPCs were recruited to the tumor periphery to participate in tumor vasculogenesis. The expression of CD133, HIF-1α, and SDF-1 mRNA in tumor and bone marrow were significantly higher than that in the liver, spleen, and skin (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Exogenous EPCs can be recruited to tumor and accelerate tumor growth. Except tumor, bone marrow can also recruit EPCs.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81201211, 81471803)Funding of State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases (SKLOD201527)The youth start-up fund (2015SCU11013)
文摘Osteoarthritis is recognised to be an interactive pathological process involving the cartilage, subchondral bone and synovium. The signals from the synovium play an important role in cartilage metabolism, but little is known regarding the influence of the signalling from bone. Additionally, the collagenases and stromelysin-1 are involved in cartilage catabolism through mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signalling, but the role of the gelatinases has not been elucidated. Here, we studied the influence of osteoclastic signals on chondrocytes by characterising the expression of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）-induced gelatinases through MAPK signalling. We found that osteoclast-conditioned media attenuated the gelatinase activity in chondrocytes. However, IL-1β induced increased levels of gelatinase activity in the conditioned media group relative to the mono-cultured chondrocyte group. More specifically, IL-1β restored high levels of gelatinase activity in c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor-pretreated chondrocytes in the conditioned media group and led to lower levels of gelatinase activity in extracellular signal-regulated kinase or p38 inhibitor-pretreated chondrocytes. Gene expression generally correlated with protein expression. Taken together, these results show for the first time that signals from osteoclasts can influence gelatinase activity in chondrocytes. Furthermore, these data show that IL-11~ restores gelatinase activity through MAPK inhibitors; this information can help to increase the understanding of the gelatinase modulation in articular cartilage.
基金financial support by Fundamental Research Funds for the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Project No.2016YFB0700403)the Venture&Innovation Support Program for Chongqing Overseas Returnees(Project No.cx2018057)+1 种基金the Chongqing Research Program of Basic Research and Frontier Technology(Project Nos.cstc2019jcyjmsxm0548 and cstc2019jcyj-msxm X0306)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Project No.2021CDJJMRH-001)。
文摘A ring-shaped Mg?8.5 Gd?4 Y?1 Zn?0.4 Zr(wt%) alloy was manufactured via centrifugal casting and ring-rolling process. The effects of accumulative ring-rolling reduction amount on the microstructure, texture, and tensile properties of the alloy were investigated. The results indicate that the microstructure of centrifugal cast alloy consists of equiaxed grains and network-like eutectic structure present at grain boundaries. The ring-rolled alloy exhibits a characteristic bimodal microstructure composed of fine dynamic recrystallized(DRXed) grains with weak basal texture and coarse un-DRXed grains with strong basal texture, along with the presence of LPSO phase. With increasing amount of accumulative ring-rolling reduction, the coarse un-DRXed grains are refined via the formation of increasing amount of fine DRXed grains. Meanwhile, the dynamic precipitation of Mg5 RE phase occurs, generating a dispersion strengthening effect. A superior combination of strength and ductility is achieved in the ring-rolled alloy after an accumulative rolling reduction of 80%. The tensile strength of this ring-rolled alloy after peak aging is further enhanced, reaching 511 MPa, while keeping a reasonable ductility. The salient strengthening mechanisms identified include the grain boundary strengthening of fine DRXed grains, dispersion strengthening of dynamic precipitated Mg;RE phase, short fiber strengthening of LPSO lamellae/rods, and precipitation strengthening of nano-sized prismatic β precipitates and basal γ precipitates.
基金supported by the NSFC(Nos.51573107,21432005)the Youth Science and Technology Foundation of Sichuan Province(No.2013JQ0032)+2 种基金the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering(Nos.sklpme2014-3-05,sklpme2015-2-01)the Synergistic Innovation Joint Foundation of CAEP-SCU(No.XTCX2014008)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.2012SCU04B01,YJ2011025)
文摘This review paper summarizes the recent progress of highly efficient copolymers with the fluorination strategy for photovoltaic applications.We first present a brief introduction of the fundamental principles of polymer solar cells,and then the functions of fluorine atoms on the polymer donor materials.Finally,we review the research progress of the reported copolymers by classification of the fluorinated acceptor units and donor units,respectively.The resulting structure-property correlations of these copolymers are also discussed which shall certainly facilitate widespread utilization of this strategy for constructing high-performance photovoltaic copolymers in the future.
基金supported by the Key Research Pro-gram of Zhejiang Province(No.2020C01010)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LY20E030008)the Na-tional Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21504078).
文摘Developing excellent absorption-dominant electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding composites is an urgent demand for the rapid development of 5 G technology and electronic equipment.Herein,a simple strategy is employed to fabricate carbon nanotubes-polypropylene fibers(CP)/polypropylene-glass fibers felt(PGFF)/Fe 3 O 4 composites with superior EMI shielding effectiveness and low reflection due to the magnetic-conductive bi-gradient structure which is naturally formed by deposition during the vacuum-assisted filtration process.The difference in dimensionality between one-dimensional CNT with outstand-ing electrical conductivity and zero-dimensional magnetic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles is the theoretical basis for the successful construction of the magnetic-conductive bi-gradient structure in a gap-rich PGFF matrix that endows the composites with“absorb-reflect-reabsorb”EMI shieldingmechanism.Whentheelectro-magnetic waves are incident from the magnetic layer,the EMI shielding effectiveness(SE)reaches 48.9 dB as the weight percentage of the conductive layer increases,more importantly,the reflection coefficients are reduced by more than 0.32 compared with that of another incident pattern.What’s more,the re-sultant composites exhibit an outstanding signal shielding function in the application.This work paves a convenient pathway for designing a magnetic-conductive bi-gradient structure and efficient absorbing EMI shielding composites applied in the next-generated electronic information and communication field.
基金supported by the National Key Program for Basic Research 973 Project(Grant No. 2006CB701406)of Chinathe Opening Research Program of the National Laboratory of Mineral Materials,China University of Geosciences,Beijing(No.07A007)
文摘The well SK-I in the Songliao Basin is the first scientific borehole targeting the continental Cretaceous strata in China. Oval concretions, thin laminae and beds of dolostone are found intercalated within mudstone and organic-rich black shale in the Nenjiang Formation of Campanian age. Low ordered ferruginous dolomite is composed of euhedral--subhedral rhombs with cloudy nucleus and light rims formed during the diagenesis, which are typical features of replacement. The heavy carbon isotopes （δ13CPDB -- 1.16-16.0） are results of both the fermentation of organic matter by microbes and degassing of carbon dioxide during the period of diagenesis, and the presence of light oxygen isotopes （δ18OPDB- 18.53--5.1） is a characteristic feature of fresh water influence which means the carbonate may have been altered by ground water or rainwater in the late diagenesis. Marine water incursions into the nor- mally lacustrine basin have been proved by both the salinity of Z value and the occurrence of foraminifera in the same strata where dolomite occurs. Pyrite framboids observed by SEM are usually enclosed in the dolomite crystals or in the mudstones, supporting the sulfate reducing bacteria （SRB）. The formation of both dolomite and pyrite are associated with marine water incursions, which not only supply magnesium ion for dolomite, but also result in limited carbonate precipitation in the basin. The presence of pyrite framboids indicates the development of an anoxic environment associated with salinity stratification in the lake. The dolomite in the Nenjiang Formation is the results of marine water incursions, diagenetic replacement of calcareous carbonate and sulfate reducing bacteria （SRB）.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21825502,22075190,21905185 and 22105135)Special funds for local science and technology development guided by the central government(No.2020ZYD004)+1 种基金the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering(No.SKLPME 2017-2-04)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Two lowly fused non-fullerene acceptors(NFAs)with isomeric structures,named as BTP-out-4F and BTP-in-4F,were developed by tailoring the fused 7-ring central core of Y6 into a lowly fused 5-ring linked with two octyloxythiophene bridges.BTP-out-4F with octyloxy side chains away from the central core exhibited large steric hindrance that restrained the rotational freedom between the thiophene bridge and end group but maintained free rotation between the central core and the thiophene bridge.In contrast,BTP-in-4F with octyloxy side chains close to the central core had much lower rotation freedom due to the non-covalent S⋯O interactions locked the central core,thiophene bridge and end group simultaneously,making BTP-in-4F have higher molecular crystallinity.On the other hand,the optical properties,energy levels and the blend morphology properties were significantly influenced,leading to distinctive photovoltaic performances.BTP-out-4F formed favorable energy level alignment and morphology when matching with PBDB-T donor,thus its device realized a much higher PCE of 13.32%,which was over 13 times than that of BTP-in-4F based device(PCE=0.97%).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81973261)the Foundation of West China Hospital of Stomatology (No. RD-02–201903)the Research Funding from West China School/Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University (No. RCDWJS2020–7)。
文摘Cancer is a serious threat to humans due to its high mortality. The efforts to fully understand cancer and to fight against it have never been stopped. The traditional therapies, such as surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, are useful but cannot meet the increasing demands of patients. As such, novel approaches against cancer are urgently required. It has been found that the acidic tumor microenvironment plays important roles in promoting the cancer progression. In recent years, sodium bicarbonate(NaHCO_(3)), a simple inorganic salt, has been found to be able to reverse the p H of tumor microenvironment and inhibit the invasion, metastasis, immune evasion, drug resistance and hypoxia of tumor cells. Thus, NaHCO_(3)-based therapy is a potential approach for the treatment of cancer, and the related studies have been increasingly reported. Herein, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the acidic tumor microenvironment and summarize the applications and mechanisms of Na HCO_(3)in cancer therapy. The combination of Na HCO;with chemotherapy, immunotherapy or nanoparticles systems is discussed. In addition, the concerns of Na HCO_(3)in clinical use and the potential ways to use Na HCO_(3)for cancer therapy are also discussed.
文摘Two new binuclear (europium and lanthanum) beta-diketone complexes Eu0.9La0.1(TTA)(3)Phen and Eu0.5La0.5(TTA)(3)Phen in which Phen is 1,10-phenanthroline, TTA is an anion of thenoyltrifluoroacetone (HTTA) were synthesized for the first time. They showed intense photoluminescence (PL) and mechanoluminescence (ML), and had their maximum PL and ML spectra peaked at 613.5 nm with half bandwidth of 10 nm respectively. Their PL and ML intensity were obviously stronger than these from Eu(TTA)(3)Phen. It is considered that binuclear (europium and lanthanum) beta-diketones complexes are promising ML and PL materials.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC, Nos. 51573107, 91633301 and 21432005)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering (No. sklpme 2017-2-04)
文摘Recently, perylene diimide （PDI） derivatives were attractive as the electron-deficient acceptor materials in non-fullerene organic solar cells since Tang first used a single PDI compound as the n-type semiconductor to fabricate photovoltaic devices in 1986, which achieved a power conversion efficiency of 1%. Beside the monomeric PDIs, the linear and three dimensional （3D） PDl-based small molecular acceptors have also made great achievements with the power conversion efficiencies over 9.0% in single- junction polymer solar cells, and over 10.0% in tandem solar cells. The excellent device performance can be realized by forming suitable twisted structure, developing suitable donor materials and optimizing device technologies. In this review, we summarize the recent development of PDl-based small molecular non-fullerene acceptors in non-fullerene organic solar cells, including molecular design strategies and structure-property relationships.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,21825502)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering(SKLPME 2017-2-04)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Perovskite solar cells(PVSCs)have emerged as a promising photovoltaic technology and have attracted wide research interest due to their outstanding photovoltaic performance,low cost,and the ability to fabricate largearea devices.An impressive certified power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 25.2%has been achieved,demonstrating the excellent potential of PVSCs for future applications.Hole-transporting materials play a key role in improving the device performance of PVSCs by facilitating the extraction of photogenerated holes and their transport from the perovskite layer to the anode.This review provides a brief introduction to PVSCs and summarizes the recent progress in small molecule hole-transporting materials(SM-HTMs)bearing various cores and different4-anisylamino-based end caps.We classify the end caps into N,N-di-4-anisylamino(DAA),4-(N,N-di-4-anisylamino)benzo(DAB),and N3,N6(or N2,N7)-bis(di-4-anisylamino)-9 H-carbazole(3,6-DAC or 2,7-DAC)groups.We also review the core type,end cap position and number,how these affect the overall properties of the SM-HTMs,and the resultant PVSC device performances.Finally,the challenges and perspectives for the future development of SM-HTMs are presented.
基金financially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51573154,51673031)The Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Institutions of China(No.18KJA480001)+2 种基金the Youth Science and Technology Foundation of Sichuan Province(No.2013JQ0032)the key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education(No.2018HJYH01)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20141151)。
文摘In this article,three novel and simple molecular structure with donor-acceptor(D-A) type copolymers via only head-to-head alkoxy(OR) and/or alkylthio(SR) side chains onto the bithiophene(BT) as donor units and fluorinated benzotriazole(FBTA) as acceptor unit,namely,PBTOR-FBTA,PBTOSR-FBTA and PBTSRFBTA,were successfully designed and synthesized.The impacts of sulfur-oxygen(S…O) or sulfur-sulfur(S-S) noncovalent interactions on their physicochemical properties,molecular stacking,carrier mobility,morphologies of blend films,as well as their photovoltaic performance were deeply and systematically studied.The introduction of SR side-chains suddenly lowered the highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO) energy levels,blue-shifted absorption,enhanced π-π stacking,as well as improved morphology of the photoactive layer blends in comparison with the re ference polymer without SR side-chain.Polymer solar cells(PSCs) were fabricated to estimate their photovoltaic performance of the polymers.Under an optimized blend ratio of PBTSR-FBTA:PC71BM(1:0.8,w/w),the PBTSR-FBTAbased device exhibits a higher power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 6.25%,which is about 3.34 and 1.87 folds than that of the PBTOR-FBTA and PBTOSR-FBTA-based devices,respectively.Our research results demonstrate that the modification of the simple and low-cost SR side chains is an effective strategy to improve the photovoltaic performance of the polymers.
基金Supported by Supported by Sub-project of the 2017 National Key Research and Development Program(2017YFD0100402,2017YFD0100204)Guizhou Science and Technology Major Project[QKHZDZXZ(2012)6005]+2 种基金Guizhou Science and Technology Major Project[GZCYTX2018-06]Program for Research Institutions to Serve Enterprises in Guizhou Province[QKHPTRC(2017)5719]Guizhou Modern Agriculture Technology System(GZCYTX2018-06)
文摘To provided the experimental materials for identifying and cloning the quantitative trait loci （QTLs） of cold tolerance at the seedling stage, the authors analyzed QTLs and evaluated the genetic effects of two parents and a mapping population of 213 lines （recombination inbred lines, RILs） derived from a cross between IR24 and Asominori for cold tolerance at the seedling stage with dead seedling rate by using software QTL IciMapping 4.0, based on a genetic linkage map constructed with 141 SSR molecular markers. The QTLs qCTS -6, qCTS -1 1 and qCTS -1 2 related to cold tolerance at the seedling stage were detected on chromosome 6, 11 and 12, respectively. Individual QTLs （LOD-3.194 3, LOD： 4.688 2, LOD-3.797 0） explained 5.662 7%, 8.549 6% and 12.787 7% of the observed phenotypic variance, respectively. All of the three detected QTLs alleles came from cold-tolerant parent Asominori.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Project of Guizhou Province(G20124010)Science and Technology Project of Guizhou Province(20155003-3)+1 种基金Service Action Plan of Scientific Research Institutions in Guizhou Province(LH20144005)Construction Project of Modern Agricultural Industry System in Guizhou Province(GZCYTX2015-06)
文摘Panicle length and effective panicle number of rice are closely related to yield. In this experiment, indica V20B as female parent was crossed with javanica CPSLO17 as male parent, recombinant inbred line （RIL） populations were obtained by single seed descent method, and with the RIL populations as mapping populations, QTL mapping and analysis were performed to the two panicle traits, panicle length and effective panicle. A high-density genetic map was constructed with SLAF labels, interval mapping was performed by software Map QTL5 under the threshold of 3.9, and 7 QTLs were detected on 3 chromosomes in total. Among the 7 QTLs, 5 QTLs controlling panicle length （qPLI-1, qPL1-2, qPL6-1, qPI_6-2 and qPL6-3） were located on chromosomes 1 and 6, respectively, and showed the contribution rates of 6.41%, 22.22%, 6.15%, 12.24% and 13.01%, respectively, their effect-increasing loci were mainly from CPSLO17, and qPL1-1 is a new QTL; and 2 QTLs controlling effective panicle number （qPN1 and qPN4） were located on chromosomes 1 and 4, respectively, and exhibited the contribution rates of 13.15% and 8.18%, respectively, and the effect-increasing loci were from parent V2OB. The marking of these loci lays a foundation for further cloning of genes controlling panicle length and effective panicle number and molecular marker-assisted selection.
文摘Dynamic spectrum access (DSA) scheme in Cognitive Radio (CR) can solve the current problem of scarce spectrum resource effectively, in which the unlicensed users (i.e. Second Users, SUs) can access the licensed spectrum in opportunistic ways without interference to the licensed users (i.e. Primary Users, PUs). However, SUs have to vacate the spectrum because of PUs coming, in this case the spectrum switch occurs, and it leads to the increasing of SUs’ delay. In this paper, we proposed a Variable Service Rate (VSR) scheme with the switch buffer as to real-time traffic (such as VoIP, Video), in order to decrease the average switch delay of SUs and improve the other performance. Different from previous studies, the main characteristics of our studying of VSR in this paper as follows: 1) Our study is on the condition of real-time traffic and we establish three-dimension Markov model;2) Using the internal optimization strategy, including switching buffer, optimizing buffer and variable service rate;3) As to the real-time traffic, on the condition of meeting the Quality of Service(QoS) on dropping probability, the average switch delay is decreased as well as improving the other performance. By extensive simulation and numerical analysis, the performance of real-time traffic is improved greatly on the condition of ensuring its dropping probability. The result fully demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the variable service rate scheme.
文摘Camellia oleifera is one of the four largest oil tree species in the world,and also an important economic crop in China,which has overwhelming economic benefits.However,Camellia oleifera is invaded by various diseases during its growth process,which leads to yield reduction and profit damage.To address this problem and ensure the healthy growth of Camellia oleifera,the purpose of this study is to apply the lightweight network to the identification and detection of camellia oleifolia leaf disease.The attention mechanism was combined for highlighting the local features and improve the attention of the model to the key areas of Camellia oleifera disease images.To prove the recognition of the optimized network on Camellia oleifera leaf disease,we tested the network performance of the optimized model with other object detection algorithms such as YOLOV5s,SSD,Faster-RCNN,YOLOv8,and YOLOv10.The results show that the mAP,recall,and accuracy of the trained network achieved 82.9%,75.7% and 80.6%,respectively.The optimized YOLO-Lite model has the advantages of small size and few parameters while ensuring high accuracy,thus it has a satisfactory effect on leaf disease identification of Camellia oleifera.
