Objective:To evaluate the anti-fatigue effects of different extracts from Cistanche tubulosa(Schenk)Wight(C.tubulosa,Rou Cong Rong),focusing on central and exercise-induced fatigue in mice.This study investigated the ...Objective:To evaluate the anti-fatigue effects of different extracts from Cistanche tubulosa(Schenk)Wight(C.tubulosa,Rou Cong Rong),focusing on central and exercise-induced fatigue in mice.This study investigated the pharmacological effects of the total oligosaccharides,polysaccharides,and phenylethanoid glycosides(CPhGs)extracted from C.tubulosa.Methods: Models of sleep deprivation and forced swimming fatigue were established to simulate central and exercise-induced fatigue.The mice were treated with different extracts of C.tubulosa,and their effects were assessed using behavioral tests to measure exercise capacity,learning,and memory function.Biochemical analyses were performed to evaluate the changes in serum and brain neurotransmitter levels,liver and muscle glycogen storage,and various fatigue-related biomarkers.Results: This study found that treatment with C.tubulosa extract improved exercise capacity,learning,and memory in mice.Total oligosaccharides from C.tubulosa enhanced adrenocorticotropic hormone,cholinesterase,and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels,reduced cortisol levels in central fatigue models,and ameliorated biochemical markers of exercise-induced fatigue,including lowering lactic acid,blood urea nitrogen,and malondialdehyde levels.Among the tested extracts,the total oligosaccharides showed the most comprehensive anti-fatigue effects.Conclusion: The anti-fatigue effects of C.tubulosa,particularly those of its total oligosaccharides,are pronounced in both central and exercise-induced fatigue.These effects are mediated by the regulation of neurotransmitter levels,enhancement of glycogen storage,and improvement of antioxidant enzyme activity,suggesting potential therapeutic benefits in fatigue-related conditions.展开更多
A phytochemical investigation on the aerial parts of Waltheria indica Linn.led to the isolation of 16 compounds,including five terpenoids(1–5),four coumarins(6–9),six flavonoids(10–15),and one phenylpropanoid glyco...A phytochemical investigation on the aerial parts of Waltheria indica Linn.led to the isolation of 16 compounds,including five terpenoids(1–5),four coumarins(6–9),six flavonoids(10–15),and one phenylpropanoid glycoside(16).The structures of these compounds were identified by spectroscopic data analysis and comparison with those reported in the literatures.Except for 12 and 15,all the compounds were isolated from W.indica for the first time.Moreover,coumarins were firstly reported to be obtained from this herb.The NO production inhibitory activities of all the isolated compounds in LPS-induced BV-2 cells were also presented.展开更多
In this work,a series of Ce-Ti composite oxides with different Ti/Ce molar ratios was prepared by coprecipitation method,and investigated for the catalytic degradation of toluene and selective catalytic reduction of N...In this work,a series of Ce-Ti composite oxides with different Ti/Ce molar ratios was prepared by coprecipitation method,and investigated for the catalytic degradation of toluene and selective catalytic reduction of NO.The phase transition process between Ce species and Ti species is limited by modulating the interaction between Ce4+and Ti4+,while a completely amorphous composite is generated with an appropriate molar ratio of Ti/Ce(1.5/1).The catalyst CeTi1.5Oxexhibits the best catalytic performance,where the values of T90and T50for deep degradation of toluene are 297 and 330℃respectively at high weight hours space velocity(WHSV=120000 mL/(g·h)).Compared with CeO_(2),T90and T50decrease by48 and 34℃respectively while declining by 67 and 70℃compared to TiO_(2).For the SCR reaction,CeTi1.5Oxreaches 100%NO conversion at 250℃with WHSV=60000 mL/(g·h),reduced by 50℃compared to pure CeO_(2).The amorphous nanostructure with highly dispersed Ce and Ti species was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD)characterizations.The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and Raman analyses show that a large number of active Ce-O-Ti species and surface oxygen vacancies are generated due to the strong interaction between Ti^(4+)and Ce^(4+)in CeTi_(1.5)O_(x).Additionally,H_(2)-TPR and O_(2)-TPD further confirm that the interaction promotes the low-temperature reducibility and mobility of surface-active oxygen species.Meanwhile,in-situ DRIFTS study reveals that CeTi1.5Oxwith amorphous nanostructure can dramatically enhance the dissociative and complete oxidation capacity for toluene.展开更多
In the present study, a method for the quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker(QAMS) has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of echinacoside(ECH), tubuloside A, acteoside...In the present study, a method for the quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker(QAMS) has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of echinacoside(ECH), tubuloside A, acteoside, isoacteoside, and2’-acetylacteoside in Cistanches Herba. ECH was used as the internal standard(IS) to obtain the relative correction factors(RCFs) of the other four phenylethanoid glycosides(PhGs);meanwhile, various influencing factors on RCFs were investigated under different conditions. The content of each component was calculated with RCF. The results were compared with those obtained by the external standard method(ESM) to verify the feasibility and accuracy of the established QAMS method. No significant difference was found in the quantitative results of 10 batches of Cistanches Herba between QAMS and ESM. The proposed QAMS method for simultaneous determination of PhGs in Cistanches Herba is accurate and feasible, providing an efficient and economical approach for the quality control of Cistanches Herba.展开更多
A phytochemical investigation on the aerial parts of Artemisia brachyloba led to the isolation of 13 compounds（1-13） for the first time, including eight lignans（1-8） and five flavonoids（9-13）. The structures of ...A phytochemical investigation on the aerial parts of Artemisia brachyloba led to the isolation of 13 compounds（1-13） for the first time, including eight lignans（1-8） and five flavonoids（9-13）. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by analysis of the NMR spectroscopic data and comparison with the literature. The 1 H and 13 C NMR data of 1 were fully assigned for the first time by the 2 D NMR analysis. All the isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-challenged BV-2 microglial cells.展开更多
In this study, the cardioprotective mechanism of the combination of notoginseng total saponins and safflower total flavonoids（CNS） was investigated due to its excellently efficacy against myocardial infarction（MI）...In this study, the cardioprotective mechanism of the combination of notoginseng total saponins and safflower total flavonoids（CNS） was investigated due to its excellently efficacy against myocardial infarction（MI） in rats. After the left anterior descending coronary artery（LADCA） ligation, rats were orally administered with CNS for 7 consecutive days. CNS prevented MI-induced pathophysiological changes and significantly decreased plasma levels of myocardial enzymes, including creatine kinase MB isoenzyme（CK-MB）, lactate dehydrogenase（LDH） and aspartate aminotransferase（AST）. Further investigation revealed that CNS attenuated the production of inflammatory factors in plasma, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha（TNF-α）, interleukin-6（IL-6） and interleukin-1β（IL-1β）. Moreover, CNS treatment decreased the expression of caspase-3 at the mR NA level in infarct tissue. Our findings demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties of CNS might confer its cardioprotection against MI in rats.展开更多
A simple, reproducible and reliable HPLC fingerprint analysis method of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen(ZSS) and Ziziphi Mauritianae Semen(ZMS) was established, and then it was applied to analyze samples collected from differe...A simple, reproducible and reliable HPLC fingerprint analysis method of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen(ZSS) and Ziziphi Mauritianae Semen(ZMS) was established, and then it was applied to analyze samples collected from different locations. A total of 12 common fingerprint peaks were designated in ZSS and ZMS, respectively, and five of which were definitely identified. Of these common peaks, 10 peaks were presented in both ZSS and ZMS, whereas two were characteristic for ZSS and ZMS, respectively. Furthermore, the two characteristic peaks of ZMS were definitely assigned as 6′′′-sinapoylspinosin and frangufoline by HPLC guided purification and structural elucidation. The HPLC fingerprint analysis was proved to be useful in identifying and discriminating ZSS and ZMS, which was beneficial for quality control of ZSS and its products.展开更多
A comparison of the pharmacodynamic effects of two source plants of Murrayae Folium et Cacumen(MFC),Murraya exotica L.and Murraya paniculata(L.)Jack,was performed in order to supply reference for its multi-source rati...A comparison of the pharmacodynamic effects of two source plants of Murrayae Folium et Cacumen(MFC),Murraya exotica L.and Murraya paniculata(L.)Jack,was performed in order to supply reference for its multi-source rationality and interchangeability in clinical practice.According to the traditional efficacy of MFC,the effects of promoting Qi,relieving pain,promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis were systematically evaluated by the models of writhing response in mice,foot swelling in rats,gastric emptying and small intestine propulsion in mice,and acute blood stasis in rats,respectively.The results showed that both M.exotica and M.paniculata could significantly inhibit the writhing reaction induced by acetic acid in mice and the paw swelling induced by carrageenan in rats,reduce IL-6,TNF-αand PGE2 levels in plasma of paw-swelling rats and increase gastric empty rate and intestinal propulsive rate.The above-mentioned effects were dose-dependent,and there was no significant difference between M.exotica and M.paniculata at the same doses.Therefore,M.exotica and M.paniculata had the similar anti-inflammatory,analgesic and gastrointestinal motility promotion effects,which provided a support for the pharmacodynamic equivalence of the multi-source plants of MFC.展开更多
A phytochemical investigation on the aerial parts of Artemisia giraldii var. longipedunculata led to the isolation of 10 known sesquiterpenes, including 12-hydroxy-α-cyperone（1）, 1β,6α-dihydroxyeudesma-4（15）-en...A phytochemical investigation on the aerial parts of Artemisia giraldii var. longipedunculata led to the isolation of 10 known sesquiterpenes, including 12-hydroxy-α-cyperone（1）, 1β,6α-dihydroxyeudesma-4（15）-ene（2）, carainterol A（3）, oplodiol（4）, douglanin（5）, 1α-hydroxyisodauc-4-en-15-al（6）, 3α,6α-dihydroxybisabola-4,10-diene（7）, 4α,5β-dihydroxybisabola-2,10-diene（8）, opposit-4（15）-ene-1β,7-diol（9）, and saniculamoid D（10）, respectively. Their structures were elucidated by analysis of the MS and NMR spectroscopic data and comparison with the literature. All the isolates were obtained from A. giraldii var. longipedunculata for the first time, and five of them were obtained from the genus Artemisia for the first time. Additionally, the 13 C NMR data of 1 were fully assigned based on the 2 D NMR data for the first time.展开更多
The holistic characterization and quality control of all the medicinal herbs of proprietary Chinese medicines(PCMs)are of great significance to ensure their safety,efficacy,and consistency.Thin-layer chromatography(TL...The holistic characterization and quality control of all the medicinal herbs of proprietary Chinese medicines(PCMs)are of great significance to ensure their safety,efficacy,and consistency.Thin-layer chromatography(TLC),a simple and classic approach for qualitatively characterizing and examining quality markers of natural products,has been widely used in the characterization and quality control of traditional Chinese medicines.Zaoren Anshen(ZRAS)capsule,prepared from three medicinal herbs of fried Ziziphi Spinosae Semen,Salvia Miltiorrhiza Radix et Rhizoma,and vinegar-processed Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus,is a famous PCM in China for the treatment of insomnia,amnesia,and dizziness in clinical practice.However,no effective method is available so far for simultaneous identification and examination of all the three medicinal herbs of ZRAS capsule.In the present study,we developed a TLC method via twice-development and visualization by UV light or chromogenic agent,which could be used for simultaneous qualitative identification of all the three medicinal herbs of ZRAS capsule in one plate.Moreover,the sample preparation method was optimized.The developed TLC method was rapid,simple,low-cost,and effective,and thus it could be used for quality control of ZRAS capsule.展开更多
The parasitic plant Cistanche deserticola attaches to Haloxylon ammodendron, a perennial shrub with high tolerance to salinity and drought. However, little was known about the parasite-host relation between the two sp...The parasitic plant Cistanche deserticola attaches to Haloxylon ammodendron, a perennial shrub with high tolerance to salinity and drought. However, little was known about the parasite-host relation between the two species. Effects of the parasite on chlorophyll a fluorescence and nutrient accumulation in the host plant （H. am- modendron） were investigated in the Taklimakan Desert. Some photosynthetic parameters of both host and non-host H. ammodendron plants were measured by in vivo chlorophyll a fluorescence technology in the field. The assimilating branches of host and non-host plants were collected and nutrient and inorganic ion contents were analyzed. The results from field experiments showed that the infection of C. deserticola reduced the non-photochemical quenching of the variable chlorophyll fluorescence （NPQ） and the potential maximum quantum yield for primary photochemistry （Fv/Fm） of the host. Compared with non-host plants, the host H. ammodendron had low nutrient, low inorganic ion contents （Na~ and K~） and low K~/Na~ ratios in the assimilating branches. It suggested that C. deserticola infection reduced the nutrient acquisition and caused damage to the photoprotection through thermal dissipation of the energy of the photosystem II in the host, resulting in a decrease in the tolerance to salinity and high radiation. It was concluded that the attachment of the parasite plant （C. deserticola） had negative effects on the growth of its host.展开更多
The emerging development of Extractive Reference Substance (ERS) is a methodology that meets the needs for quality control for Chinese Herbal Medicines (CHM) and respects the holistic viewpoint of Traditional Chinese ...The emerging development of Extractive Reference Substance (ERS) is a methodology that meets the needs for quality control for Chinese Herbal Medicines (CHM) and respects the holistic viewpoint of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and its clinical use of multiple ingredients with synergistic effects. The convention of using just a selected few Chemical Reference Substances (CRS) cannot adequately assess the quality of intact CHM. A validated chemical spectrum of an ERS provides the global characteristics in order to more specifically identify and assess targeted CHM. This paper describes the fundamental concepts, potential significance, and basic criteria of ERS, along with methods of preparation and calibration. Given the diversity of CHM, the various problems that will occur in establishing the proper process of ERS will need to be solved in a step by step manner. The ERSs of Ziziphi spinosae semen and ERS of Fritillaria thunbergii bulbus are given as examples of the development of ERS and demonstrate why we are optimistic about the utility of this approach.展开更多
Objective:Baoyuan decoction(BYD)is a traditional Chinese formula with myocardial protection efficacy validated by modern pharmacological tests.The present study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of BYD on ...Objective:Baoyuan decoction(BYD)is a traditional Chinese formula with myocardial protection efficacy validated by modern pharmacological tests.The present study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of BYD on alleviating myocardial infarction(MI).Methods:Nuclear magnetic resonance-based serum and urinary metabolomics were employed to explore the metabolic regulation effects of BYD in rats with MI induced by left anterior descending ligation.Oxygen-glucose deprivation/recovery(OGD/R)model in H9c2 cells and multiple molecular biology approaches were used to clarify the underlying action mechanisms of BYD.Results:BYD treatment recovered the serum and urinary metabolite profiles of the MI rats toward normal metabolic status and significantly improved mitochondrial energy metabolism and apoptosis pathways perturbed by MI.Analysis of the molecular mechanism of BYD indicated that it suppressed OGD/R-induced H9c2 cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner by inhibiting the mitochondria-dependent caspase-9/3-poly ADP-ribose polymerase pathway.Conclusions:Our results demonstrate that BYD protects against myocardial apoptosis via the mitochondrial metabolic and apoptosis pathways.They also provide novel insights into the clinical application of BYD for the treatment of ischemic heart diseases.展开更多
Four new diterpenoids including one cis clerodane-type(1) and three highly oxygenated labdane-type diterpenes(2–4) were isolated from the aerial parts of Leonurus macranthus. Their structures were elucidated on the b...Four new diterpenoids including one cis clerodane-type(1) and three highly oxygenated labdane-type diterpenes(2–4) were isolated from the aerial parts of Leonurus macranthus. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data(NMR, UV, IR, and MS). Compound 1 represents the first example of cis clerodane-type diterpene in the plants of Leonurus genus. Compounds 1 and 4 exhibited weak inhibition of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells with IC_(50) values of 35.8 ± 3.6 mmol/L and 48.6 ± 4.8 mmol/L,展开更多
Phytochemical investigation on the roots and rhizomes of Notopterygium incisum led to the isolation of a new polyacetylene, notopolyenol A (1), along with thirteen known analogues (2-14). Their structures were elucida...Phytochemical investigation on the roots and rhizomes of Notopterygium incisum led to the isolation of a new polyacetylene, notopolyenol A (1), along with thirteen known analogues (2-14). Their structures were elucidated by extensive analyses of NMR and HRMS data, and the absolute configuration of 1 was unambiguously determined as 3 R by comparison of its retention time and ECD curve with those of synthetic enantiomers (-)-1 and (+)-1, whose absolute configurations were established by using the modified Mosher's method. Subsequent activity screening revealed that (3 S)-1 exhibited the most significant cytotoxicity against MCF-7, H1299, and HepG2 cancer cells with IC_(50) values of 1.3 μmol/L,0.6μmol/L and 1.4μmol/L, respectively.展开更多
In pre-clinical phase of new drug development,it is particularly important to establish an in vitro model to mimic the metabolism situation of human body.The aim of the in vitro model is to reduce the usage of experim...In pre-clinical phase of new drug development,it is particularly important to establish an in vitro model to mimic the metabolism situation of human body.The aim of the in vitro model is to reduce the usage of experimental animals and to make a more accurate prediction of the drug metabolism in vivo.Microfluidic chip is an emerging technology to establish predictive models.By integrating subcellular fractions,hepatocytes or liver tissue in the microfluidic chips,more predictive in vitro metabolism models can be established for drug development.The microfluidic platform offers dynamic and controlled fluids,as well as sophisticated liver tissue assembly to remodel the physiological and pathological microenvironment of liver in the human body.This review updates the microfluidic-based liver drug metabolism models since 2011,and summarizes the development of different models based on different chip vectors(subcellular components,primary hepatocytes,and tissue sections).It serves as a guide for newcomers to this dynamic field.展开更多
Six sesquiterpenes, including three guaiane type sesquiterpenes （1-3）, one oplopanone type sesquiterpene （4）, one xanthane type sesquiterpene （5） and one salvialane type sesquiterpene （6）, were isolated from A...Six sesquiterpenes, including three guaiane type sesquiterpenes （1-3）, one oplopanone type sesquiterpene （4）, one xanthane type sesquiterpene （5） and one salvialane type sesquiterpene （6）, were isolated from Alisma plantago-aquatica for the first time. The structures of these six compounds were elucidated as alismoxide （1）, alismol （2）, orientalol B （3）, oplopanone （4）, gibberodione （5）, and 7a, lOa-epoxy-salvialan-1Ofl-ol （6）, respectively, among which 6 was a new natural product. Xanthane type and salvialane type sesquiterpenes were obtained from the genus Alisma for the first time. In addition, a plausible biosynthetic pathway for all isolates was discussed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1702400).
文摘Objective:To evaluate the anti-fatigue effects of different extracts from Cistanche tubulosa(Schenk)Wight(C.tubulosa,Rou Cong Rong),focusing on central and exercise-induced fatigue in mice.This study investigated the pharmacological effects of the total oligosaccharides,polysaccharides,and phenylethanoid glycosides(CPhGs)extracted from C.tubulosa.Methods: Models of sleep deprivation and forced swimming fatigue were established to simulate central and exercise-induced fatigue.The mice were treated with different extracts of C.tubulosa,and their effects were assessed using behavioral tests to measure exercise capacity,learning,and memory function.Biochemical analyses were performed to evaluate the changes in serum and brain neurotransmitter levels,liver and muscle glycogen storage,and various fatigue-related biomarkers.Results: This study found that treatment with C.tubulosa extract improved exercise capacity,learning,and memory in mice.Total oligosaccharides from C.tubulosa enhanced adrenocorticotropic hormone,cholinesterase,and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels,reduced cortisol levels in central fatigue models,and ameliorated biochemical markers of exercise-induced fatigue,including lowering lactic acid,blood urea nitrogen,and malondialdehyde levels.Among the tested extracts,the total oligosaccharides showed the most comprehensive anti-fatigue effects.Conclusion: The anti-fatigue effects of C.tubulosa,particularly those of its total oligosaccharides,are pronounced in both central and exercise-induced fatigue.These effects are mediated by the regulation of neurotransmitter levels,enhancement of glycogen storage,and improvement of antioxidant enzyme activity,suggesting potential therapeutic benefits in fatigue-related conditions.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81473106 and 81773864)The Drug Innovation Major Project of China(Grant No.2018ZX09711001-008-003)
文摘A phytochemical investigation on the aerial parts of Waltheria indica Linn.led to the isolation of 16 compounds,including five terpenoids(1–5),four coumarins(6–9),six flavonoids(10–15),and one phenylpropanoid glycoside(16).The structures of these compounds were identified by spectroscopic data analysis and comparison with those reported in the literatures.Except for 12 and 15,all the compounds were isolated from W.indica for the first time.Moreover,coumarins were firstly reported to be obtained from this herb.The NO production inhibitory activities of all the isolated compounds in LPS-induced BV-2 cells were also presented.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22072096,22108184)。
文摘In this work,a series of Ce-Ti composite oxides with different Ti/Ce molar ratios was prepared by coprecipitation method,and investigated for the catalytic degradation of toluene and selective catalytic reduction of NO.The phase transition process between Ce species and Ti species is limited by modulating the interaction between Ce4+and Ti4+,while a completely amorphous composite is generated with an appropriate molar ratio of Ti/Ce(1.5/1).The catalyst CeTi1.5Oxexhibits the best catalytic performance,where the values of T90and T50for deep degradation of toluene are 297 and 330℃respectively at high weight hours space velocity(WHSV=120000 mL/(g·h)).Compared with CeO_(2),T90and T50decrease by48 and 34℃respectively while declining by 67 and 70℃compared to TiO_(2).For the SCR reaction,CeTi1.5Oxreaches 100%NO conversion at 250℃with WHSV=60000 mL/(g·h),reduced by 50℃compared to pure CeO_(2).The amorphous nanostructure with highly dispersed Ce and Ti species was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD)characterizations.The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and Raman analyses show that a large number of active Ce-O-Ti species and surface oxygen vacancies are generated due to the strong interaction between Ti^(4+)and Ce^(4+)in CeTi_(1.5)O_(x).Additionally,H_(2)-TPR and O_(2)-TPD further confirm that the interaction promotes the low-temperature reducibility and mobility of surface-active oxygen species.Meanwhile,in-situ DRIFTS study reveals that CeTi1.5Oxwith amorphous nanostructure can dramatically enhance the dissociative and complete oxidation capacity for toluene.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2017YFC1702400,2018YFC1707300 and 2018YFC1707904)
文摘In the present study, a method for the quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker(QAMS) has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of echinacoside(ECH), tubuloside A, acteoside, isoacteoside, and2’-acetylacteoside in Cistanches Herba. ECH was used as the internal standard(IS) to obtain the relative correction factors(RCFs) of the other four phenylethanoid glycosides(PhGs);meanwhile, various influencing factors on RCFs were investigated under different conditions. The content of each component was calculated with RCF. The results were compared with those obtained by the external standard method(ESM) to verify the feasibility and accuracy of the established QAMS method. No significant difference was found in the quantitative results of 10 batches of Cistanches Herba between QAMS and ESM. The proposed QAMS method for simultaneous determination of PhGs in Cistanches Herba is accurate and feasible, providing an efficient and economical approach for the quality control of Cistanches Herba.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81373294)National Key Technology R&D Program"New Drug Innovation"of China(Grant No.2018ZX09711001-008-003)
文摘A phytochemical investigation on the aerial parts of Artemisia brachyloba led to the isolation of 13 compounds（1-13） for the first time, including eight lignans（1-8） and five flavonoids（9-13）. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by analysis of the NMR spectroscopic data and comparison with the literature. The 1 H and 13 C NMR data of 1 were fully assigned for the first time by the 2 D NMR analysis. All the isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-challenged BV-2 microglial cells.
基金National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(Grant No.81573684)
文摘In this study, the cardioprotective mechanism of the combination of notoginseng total saponins and safflower total flavonoids（CNS） was investigated due to its excellently efficacy against myocardial infarction（MI） in rats. After the left anterior descending coronary artery（LADCA） ligation, rats were orally administered with CNS for 7 consecutive days. CNS prevented MI-induced pathophysiological changes and significantly decreased plasma levels of myocardial enzymes, including creatine kinase MB isoenzyme（CK-MB）, lactate dehydrogenase（LDH） and aspartate aminotransferase（AST）. Further investigation revealed that CNS attenuated the production of inflammatory factors in plasma, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha（TNF-α）, interleukin-6（IL-6） and interleukin-1β（IL-1β）. Moreover, CNS treatment decreased the expression of caspase-3 at the mR NA level in infarct tissue. Our findings demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties of CNS might confer its cardioprotection against MI in rats.
基金National Project for Standardization of Chinese Material Medica(Grant No.ZYBZH-Y-JIN-34).
文摘A simple, reproducible and reliable HPLC fingerprint analysis method of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen(ZSS) and Ziziphi Mauritianae Semen(ZMS) was established, and then it was applied to analyze samples collected from different locations. A total of 12 common fingerprint peaks were designated in ZSS and ZMS, respectively, and five of which were definitely identified. Of these common peaks, 10 peaks were presented in both ZSS and ZMS, whereas two were characteristic for ZSS and ZMS, respectively. Furthermore, the two characteristic peaks of ZMS were definitely assigned as 6′′′-sinapoylspinosin and frangufoline by HPLC guided purification and structural elucidation. The HPLC fingerprint analysis was proved to be useful in identifying and discriminating ZSS and ZMS, which was beneficial for quality control of ZSS and its products.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81773864,81473106)National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFC1711000)。
文摘A comparison of the pharmacodynamic effects of two source plants of Murrayae Folium et Cacumen(MFC),Murraya exotica L.and Murraya paniculata(L.)Jack,was performed in order to supply reference for its multi-source rationality and interchangeability in clinical practice.According to the traditional efficacy of MFC,the effects of promoting Qi,relieving pain,promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis were systematically evaluated by the models of writhing response in mice,foot swelling in rats,gastric emptying and small intestine propulsion in mice,and acute blood stasis in rats,respectively.The results showed that both M.exotica and M.paniculata could significantly inhibit the writhing reaction induced by acetic acid in mice and the paw swelling induced by carrageenan in rats,reduce IL-6,TNF-αand PGE2 levels in plasma of paw-swelling rats and increase gastric empty rate and intestinal propulsive rate.The above-mentioned effects were dose-dependent,and there was no significant difference between M.exotica and M.paniculata at the same doses.Therefore,M.exotica and M.paniculata had the similar anti-inflammatory,analgesic and gastrointestinal motility promotion effects,which provided a support for the pharmacodynamic equivalence of the multi-source plants of MFC.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant No.81373294)National Key Technology R&D Program"New Drug Innovation"of China(Grant No.2018ZX09711001-008-003)
文摘A phytochemical investigation on the aerial parts of Artemisia giraldii var. longipedunculata led to the isolation of 10 known sesquiterpenes, including 12-hydroxy-α-cyperone（1）, 1β,6α-dihydroxyeudesma-4（15）-ene（2）, carainterol A（3）, oplodiol（4）, douglanin（5）, 1α-hydroxyisodauc-4-en-15-al（6）, 3α,6α-dihydroxybisabola-4,10-diene（7）, 4α,5β-dihydroxybisabola-2,10-diene（8）, opposit-4（15）-ene-1β,7-diol（9）, and saniculamoid D（10）, respectively. Their structures were elucidated by analysis of the MS and NMR spectroscopic data and comparison with the literature. All the isolates were obtained from A. giraldii var. longipedunculata for the first time, and five of them were obtained from the genus Artemisia for the first time. Additionally, the 13 C NMR data of 1 were fully assigned based on the 2 D NMR data for the first time.
文摘姜黄素是姜科植物的特征性成分,具有重要的药理活性。文中利用姜黄素生物合成关键酶β-酮酰辅酶A合酶(Diketide-CoA synthase,DCS)基因和姜黄素合酶(Curcumin synthase,CURS)基因构建非天然融合基因DCS::CURS,并将其与4-香豆酰辅酶A连接酶(4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase,4CL)和乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(Acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase,ACC)基因共同引入大肠杆菌Escherichia coli,构建由阿魏酸合成姜黄素的工程大肠杆菌,利用LB培养基和改良的M9培养基进行两步发酵。通过对生长培养阶段诱导蛋白表达方法和发酵培养阶段接种菌体量、培养基组成及发酵培养时间等条件的优化,并在发酵培养阶段加入大孔吸附树脂降低产物在培养液中的累积等方法,姜黄素的合成产率达到386.8mg/L。本研究首次将非天然融合基因DCS::CURS用于合成姜黄素工程菌的构建,得到了姜黄素产率较高的大肠杆菌菌株,为后续通过进一步复杂的代谢网络优化、构建姜黄素合成能力更强的工程菌提供参考。
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFC1707300)。
文摘The holistic characterization and quality control of all the medicinal herbs of proprietary Chinese medicines(PCMs)are of great significance to ensure their safety,efficacy,and consistency.Thin-layer chromatography(TLC),a simple and classic approach for qualitatively characterizing and examining quality markers of natural products,has been widely used in the characterization and quality control of traditional Chinese medicines.Zaoren Anshen(ZRAS)capsule,prepared from three medicinal herbs of fried Ziziphi Spinosae Semen,Salvia Miltiorrhiza Radix et Rhizoma,and vinegar-processed Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus,is a famous PCM in China for the treatment of insomnia,amnesia,and dizziness in clinical practice.However,no effective method is available so far for simultaneous identification and examination of all the three medicinal herbs of ZRAS capsule.In the present study,we developed a TLC method via twice-development and visualization by UV light or chromogenic agent,which could be used for simultaneous qualitative identification of all the three medicinal herbs of ZRAS capsule in one plate.Moreover,the sample preparation method was optimized.The developed TLC method was rapid,simple,low-cost,and effective,and thus it could be used for quality control of ZRAS capsule.
基金supported by the "Western Light" Talents Training Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (lhxz200901)
文摘The parasitic plant Cistanche deserticola attaches to Haloxylon ammodendron, a perennial shrub with high tolerance to salinity and drought. However, little was known about the parasite-host relation between the two species. Effects of the parasite on chlorophyll a fluorescence and nutrient accumulation in the host plant （H. am- modendron） were investigated in the Taklimakan Desert. Some photosynthetic parameters of both host and non-host H. ammodendron plants were measured by in vivo chlorophyll a fluorescence technology in the field. The assimilating branches of host and non-host plants were collected and nutrient and inorganic ion contents were analyzed. The results from field experiments showed that the infection of C. deserticola reduced the non-photochemical quenching of the variable chlorophyll fluorescence （NPQ） and the potential maximum quantum yield for primary photochemistry （Fv/Fm） of the host. Compared with non-host plants, the host H. ammodendron had low nutrient, low inorganic ion contents （Na~ and K~） and low K~/Na~ ratios in the assimilating branches. It suggested that C. deserticola infection reduced the nutrient acquisition and caused damage to the photoprotection through thermal dissipation of the energy of the photosystem II in the host, resulting in a decrease in the tolerance to salinity and high radiation. It was concluded that the attachment of the parasite plant （C. deserticola） had negative effects on the growth of its host.
文摘The emerging development of Extractive Reference Substance (ERS) is a methodology that meets the needs for quality control for Chinese Herbal Medicines (CHM) and respects the holistic viewpoint of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and its clinical use of multiple ingredients with synergistic effects. The convention of using just a selected few Chemical Reference Substances (CRS) cannot adequately assess the quality of intact CHM. A validated chemical spectrum of an ERS provides the global characteristics in order to more specifically identify and assess targeted CHM. This paper describes the fundamental concepts, potential significance, and basic criteria of ERS, along with methods of preparation and calibration. Given the diversity of CHM, the various problems that will occur in establishing the proper process of ERS will need to be solved in a step by step manner. The ERSs of Ziziphi spinosae semen and ERS of Fritillaria thunbergii bulbus are given as examples of the development of ERS and demonstrate why we are optimistic about the utility of this approach.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(Nos.81530097 and 81222051)the National Key Technology R&D Program“New Drug Innovation”of China(No.2017ZX09101003-008-003).
文摘Objective:Baoyuan decoction(BYD)is a traditional Chinese formula with myocardial protection efficacy validated by modern pharmacological tests.The present study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of BYD on alleviating myocardial infarction(MI).Methods:Nuclear magnetic resonance-based serum and urinary metabolomics were employed to explore the metabolic regulation effects of BYD in rats with MI induced by left anterior descending ligation.Oxygen-glucose deprivation/recovery(OGD/R)model in H9c2 cells and multiple molecular biology approaches were used to clarify the underlying action mechanisms of BYD.Results:BYD treatment recovered the serum and urinary metabolite profiles of the MI rats toward normal metabolic status and significantly improved mitochondrial energy metabolism and apoptosis pathways perturbed by MI.Analysis of the molecular mechanism of BYD indicated that it suppressed OGD/R-induced H9c2 cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner by inhibiting the mitochondria-dependent caspase-9/3-poly ADP-ribose polymerase pathway.Conclusions:Our results demonstrate that BYD protects against myocardial apoptosis via the mitochondrial metabolic and apoptosis pathways.They also provide novel insights into the clinical application of BYD for the treatment of ischemic heart diseases.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81573572, 81530097)New Century Excellent Talents in University (No. NCET-13-0693)
文摘Four new diterpenoids including one cis clerodane-type(1) and three highly oxygenated labdane-type diterpenes(2–4) were isolated from the aerial parts of Leonurus macranthus. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data(NMR, UV, IR, and MS). Compound 1 represents the first example of cis clerodane-type diterpene in the plants of Leonurus genus. Compounds 1 and 4 exhibited weak inhibition of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells with IC_(50) values of 35.8 ± 3.6 mmol/L and 48.6 ± 4.8 mmol/L,
基金financially supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program "New Drug Innovation" of China(No. 2018ZX09711001-008-003)
文摘Phytochemical investigation on the roots and rhizomes of Notopterygium incisum led to the isolation of a new polyacetylene, notopolyenol A (1), along with thirteen known analogues (2-14). Their structures were elucidated by extensive analyses of NMR and HRMS data, and the absolute configuration of 1 was unambiguously determined as 3 R by comparison of its retention time and ECD curve with those of synthetic enantiomers (-)-1 and (+)-1, whose absolute configurations were established by using the modified Mosher's method. Subsequent activity screening revealed that (3 S)-1 exhibited the most significant cytotoxicity against MCF-7, H1299, and HepG2 cancer cells with IC_(50) values of 1.3 μmol/L,0.6μmol/L and 1.4μmol/L, respectively.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81573684 and 81530097)Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project(Grant No.Z181100002218028)National Key Technology R&D Program “New Drug Innovation” of China(Grant No.2018ZX09711001-008-003)
文摘In pre-clinical phase of new drug development,it is particularly important to establish an in vitro model to mimic the metabolism situation of human body.The aim of the in vitro model is to reduce the usage of experimental animals and to make a more accurate prediction of the drug metabolism in vivo.Microfluidic chip is an emerging technology to establish predictive models.By integrating subcellular fractions,hepatocytes or liver tissue in the microfluidic chips,more predictive in vitro metabolism models can be established for drug development.The microfluidic platform offers dynamic and controlled fluids,as well as sophisticated liver tissue assembly to remodel the physiological and pathological microenvironment of liver in the human body.This review updates the microfluidic-based liver drug metabolism models since 2011,and summarizes the development of different models based on different chip vectors(subcellular components,primary hepatocytes,and tissue sections).It serves as a guide for newcomers to this dynamic field.
基金The National Science and Technology Major Project of“Technological study on the safety and standards of Chinese materia medica”(Grant No.2014ZX09304307-001-011)Chinese materia medica supporting program of“Quality control base construction of Chinese material medica including Isatidis Radix,Carthami Flos,etc”by Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of Peoples Republic of China
文摘Six sesquiterpenes, including three guaiane type sesquiterpenes （1-3）, one oplopanone type sesquiterpene （4）, one xanthane type sesquiterpene （5） and one salvialane type sesquiterpene （6）, were isolated from Alisma plantago-aquatica for the first time. The structures of these six compounds were elucidated as alismoxide （1）, alismol （2）, orientalol B （3）, oplopanone （4）, gibberodione （5）, and 7a, lOa-epoxy-salvialan-1Ofl-ol （6）, respectively, among which 6 was a new natural product. Xanthane type and salvialane type sesquiterpenes were obtained from the genus Alisma for the first time. In addition, a plausible biosynthetic pathway for all isolates was discussed.
