Worldwide,as the population age,osteoporosis is becoming increasingly common,and osteoporotic fractures have a significant economic burden.Postmenopausal women are the most susceptible to developing osteoporosis and t...Worldwide,as the population age,osteoporosis is becoming increasingly common,and osteoporotic fractures have a significant economic burden.Postmenopausal women are the most susceptible to developing osteoporosis and the most critical time to prevent it is during the perimenopausal and early menopausal years.In this regard,we hypothesize rational combination of acupuncture and Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)in the form of herbal extract could prevent osteoporosis in women.Estrogen deficiency during menopause causes low-level inflammation that stimulates the formation of osteoclasts,the boneresorbing cells,and simultaneously inhibits the viability and function of osteoblasts,the bone-forming cells.The most potent inflammatory cytokine in skeletal homeostasis is the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand(RANKL)that stimulates osteoclast function.Conversely,the canonical Wnt pathway is essential for osteoblastogenesis and bone formation,and estrogen deficiency leads to diminished functioning of this pathway.TCM and acupuncture could target the RANKL and the Wnt pathway in favorable ways to prevent the accelerated bone loss experienced during the early menopausal stage and promote the gain in bone mass in postmenopausal women.In this review,we propose a rational combination of specific TCM and acupuncture targeting those signaling molecules/pathways by the drugs that are in clinical use for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.Our rational approach revealed that Danshen(Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae)could exert a synergistic effect with acupuncture.We then propose a translational path for developing the putative combination in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis to curtail the risk of osteoporotic fractures.展开更多
Photocatalysis has emerged as a promising alternative for converting and utilizing CO_(2).Polymeric carbon nitride(PCN),typically synthesized through the one-step thermal polycondensation of nitrogen-rich precursors,h...Photocatalysis has emerged as a promising alternative for converting and utilizing CO_(2).Polymeric carbon nitride(PCN),typically synthesized through the one-step thermal polycondensation of nitrogen-rich precursors,has shown considerable promise due to its adjustable band structure and inherent safety.Over the past five years,significant literature in this field has identified five primary methods for modifying PCN:morphology modulation,element doping,defect induction,co-catalyst loading,and heterojunction construction.A detailed discussion on how each modification method influences light absorption,charge separation,and surface reaction efficiencies in photocatalysis is provided.Based on these findings,several future directions for the development of PCN-based materials are proposed,such as designing tailored PCN structures for specific photocatalytic reactions and using theoretical calculations to verify and correct results from current characterization methods.Despite the challenges associated with the large-scale synthesis of PCN materials with controllable structures and satisfactory performance,this work offers valuable insights for advancing photocatalytic PCN-based systems for large-scale solar fuel production.展开更多
文摘Worldwide,as the population age,osteoporosis is becoming increasingly common,and osteoporotic fractures have a significant economic burden.Postmenopausal women are the most susceptible to developing osteoporosis and the most critical time to prevent it is during the perimenopausal and early menopausal years.In this regard,we hypothesize rational combination of acupuncture and Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)in the form of herbal extract could prevent osteoporosis in women.Estrogen deficiency during menopause causes low-level inflammation that stimulates the formation of osteoclasts,the boneresorbing cells,and simultaneously inhibits the viability and function of osteoblasts,the bone-forming cells.The most potent inflammatory cytokine in skeletal homeostasis is the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand(RANKL)that stimulates osteoclast function.Conversely,the canonical Wnt pathway is essential for osteoblastogenesis and bone formation,and estrogen deficiency leads to diminished functioning of this pathway.TCM and acupuncture could target the RANKL and the Wnt pathway in favorable ways to prevent the accelerated bone loss experienced during the early menopausal stage and promote the gain in bone mass in postmenopausal women.In this review,we propose a rational combination of specific TCM and acupuncture targeting those signaling molecules/pathways by the drugs that are in clinical use for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.Our rational approach revealed that Danshen(Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae)could exert a synergistic effect with acupuncture.We then propose a translational path for developing the putative combination in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis to curtail the risk of osteoporotic fractures.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22209207)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4002400).
文摘Photocatalysis has emerged as a promising alternative for converting and utilizing CO_(2).Polymeric carbon nitride(PCN),typically synthesized through the one-step thermal polycondensation of nitrogen-rich precursors,has shown considerable promise due to its adjustable band structure and inherent safety.Over the past five years,significant literature in this field has identified five primary methods for modifying PCN:morphology modulation,element doping,defect induction,co-catalyst loading,and heterojunction construction.A detailed discussion on how each modification method influences light absorption,charge separation,and surface reaction efficiencies in photocatalysis is provided.Based on these findings,several future directions for the development of PCN-based materials are proposed,such as designing tailored PCN structures for specific photocatalytic reactions and using theoretical calculations to verify and correct results from current characterization methods.Despite the challenges associated with the large-scale synthesis of PCN materials with controllable structures and satisfactory performance,this work offers valuable insights for advancing photocatalytic PCN-based systems for large-scale solar fuel production.
