Ocean mining activities have been ongoing for nearly 70 years,making great contributions to industrialization.Given the increasing demand for energy,along with the restructuring of the energy supply catalyzed by effor...Ocean mining activities have been ongoing for nearly 70 years,making great contributions to industrialization.Given the increasing demand for energy,along with the restructuring of the energy supply catalyzed by efforts to achieve a low-carbon economy,deep seabed mining will play an important role in addressing energy-and resource-related problems in the future.However,deep seabed mining remains in the exploratory stage,with many challenges presented by the high-pressure,low-temperature,and complex geologic and hydrodynamic environments in deep-sea mining areas,which are inaccessible to human activities.Thus,considerable efforts are required to ensure sustainable,economic,reliable,and safe deep seabed mining.This study reviews the latest advances in marine engineering geology and the environment related to deep-sea min-ing activities,presents a bibliometric analysis of the development of ocean mineral resources since the 1950s,summarizes the development,theory,and issues related to techniques for the three stages of ocean mining(i.e.,exploration,extraction,and closure),and discusses the engineering geology environment,geological disasters,in-situ monitoring techniques,envi-ronmental protection requirements,and environmental effects in detail.Finally,this paper gives some key conclusions and future perspectives to provide insights for subsequent studies and commercial mining operations.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is one of the common clinical manifestations of depression,causing negative distress to patients.Elevated homocysteine(Hcy)concentrations and gut microbiome dysfunction may be observed ...BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is one of the common clinical manifestations of depression,causing negative distress to patients.Elevated homocysteine(Hcy)concentrations and gut microbiome dysfunction may be observed in patients with depression.AIM To investigate the relationship between Hcy,microbiome,and cognition in depressive patients.METHODS We recruited 67 patients with major depressive disorder(MDD)(MDD group)and 94 healthy controls(HCs)individuals(HCs group).Serum Hcy levels were determined using the enzyme circulation method.16s rRNA sequencing was used to classify and identify the fecal bacteria.17 Hamilton depression rating scale and MATRICS consensus cognitive battery were used to evaluate mood states and cognition in patients with MDD. Correlation analysis was performed to explore the correlation between fecal flora,Hcy, and depressive cognitive function.RESULTSElevated serum levels of Hcy were seen in patients with MDD compared to healthy individuals. Patients withMDD indicated significant decreases in cognitive scores (P < 0.001) in six modules: Speed of processing, workingmemory, visual learning, reasoning and problem-solving, social cognition, and total scores. Hcy levels showed anegative correlation with processing speed, social cognition, and total MDD scores (P < 0.05). Hcy was alsosignificantly negatively correlated with Alistipes, Ruminococcae, Tenericides, and Porphyromonas (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONOur results highlight that Hcy was correlated with cognition and gut microbiome in MDD. This interaction may berelated to the physiological and pathological mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits in depression.展开更多
BACKGROUND The tryptophan-kynurenine(TRP-KYN)pathway may be implicated in the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment and pain severity in major depressive disorder(MDD);however,few studies have explored the intricaci...BACKGROUND The tryptophan-kynurenine(TRP-KYN)pathway may be implicated in the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment and pain severity in major depressive disorder(MDD);however,few studies have explored the intricacies of their interaction.AIM To investigate the relationship between the TRP-KYN pathway and cognitive function in MDD patients with and without painful physical symptoms(PPS).METHODS Seventy patients with MDD were recruited,including 33 and 37 with and without PSS,respectively.The Hamilton Depression Scale,the Hamilton Anxiety Scale,and the Short-form of McGill pain questionnaire(SFMPQ)were used to assess clinical symptoms.Cognitive function was assessed by the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery(MCCB)score.TRP-KYN pathway metabolites’serum levels were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.RESULTS The with PPS group exhibited significantly higher TRP-KYN ratios than did the without PPS group;in the former,the SFMPQ scores positively and negatively correlated with the TRP-KYN ratio and total MCCB score,respectively.Regression analysis indicated that body mass index and SFMPQ scores were significantly associated with the TRP-KYN ratio,predicting 30%of the variance.CONCLUSION The TRP-KYN ratio is a potential biomarker for identifying patients with depression accompanied by pain symptoms,and targeting it may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for managing pain in these individuals.Further elucidation of the biological mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in MDD patients with PPS is warranted.展开更多
贵州涟江惠水段级次清晰的四级阶地是流域地貌阶段性演化的直观记录。笔者等利用差分GPS测量法精确厘定了涟江阶地的级序和高程,结合剖面观测发现从上游到下游,涟江惠水段阶地标高和级差逐渐降低,地貌面整体呈“收拢”趋势;阶地沉积物...贵州涟江惠水段级次清晰的四级阶地是流域地貌阶段性演化的直观记录。笔者等利用差分GPS测量法精确厘定了涟江阶地的级序和高程,结合剖面观测发现从上游到下游,涟江惠水段阶地标高和级差逐渐降低,地貌面整体呈“收拢”趋势;阶地沉积物呈现砾石层厚度变小,砾石含量降低、砾径减小,砂质沉积占比增大趋势;阶地类型从基座阶地为主向堆积阶地为主演变。光释光(OSL)测年显示,T1阶地埋藏年龄31.2±2.0 ka BP到14.7±1.3 ka BP,T2阶地122.4±8.5 ka BP到66.9±3.8 ka BP,阶地年龄与贵州高原其他流域十分相近,具有同步演化特征。结合阶地时代和发育特征,认为贵州高原河流阶地是构造运动的产物。涟江四级阶地记录了在更新世以来四次构造抬升背景下,流域经过多期自北向南“削高补低”的地貌改造,逐步由构造洼地演变为山间盆地的地貌过程。展开更多
基金Funding for this research was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42022052,42277138,and 52108337)the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFC2803800)+1 种基金the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2020YQ29)UCL's Department of Civil,Environmental and Geomatic Engineering,and Ocean University of China.
文摘Ocean mining activities have been ongoing for nearly 70 years,making great contributions to industrialization.Given the increasing demand for energy,along with the restructuring of the energy supply catalyzed by efforts to achieve a low-carbon economy,deep seabed mining will play an important role in addressing energy-and resource-related problems in the future.However,deep seabed mining remains in the exploratory stage,with many challenges presented by the high-pressure,low-temperature,and complex geologic and hydrodynamic environments in deep-sea mining areas,which are inaccessible to human activities.Thus,considerable efforts are required to ensure sustainable,economic,reliable,and safe deep seabed mining.This study reviews the latest advances in marine engineering geology and the environment related to deep-sea min-ing activities,presents a bibliometric analysis of the development of ocean mineral resources since the 1950s,summarizes the development,theory,and issues related to techniques for the three stages of ocean mining(i.e.,exploration,extraction,and closure),and discusses the engineering geology environment,geological disasters,in-situ monitoring techniques,envi-ronmental protection requirements,and environmental effects in detail.Finally,this paper gives some key conclusions and future perspectives to provide insights for subsequent studies and commercial mining operations.
基金Supported by the Wuxi Municipal Health Commission Youth Fund Project,No.Q202268Wuxi Scientific and technological breakthrough of“Light of the Taihu Lake”(Basic Research),No.K20221039+4 种基金Jiangsu Shuangchuang Doctoral Program,No.JSSCBS20221991Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospital Incubating Program,No.PX2023070 and No.PX2024072Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research,No.SF2024-4-2134Beijing Hospitals Authority Youth Program,No.QML20232003the Top Talent Support Program for young and middle-aged people of Wuxi Health Committee,No.HB2023089.
文摘BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is one of the common clinical manifestations of depression,causing negative distress to patients.Elevated homocysteine(Hcy)concentrations and gut microbiome dysfunction may be observed in patients with depression.AIM To investigate the relationship between Hcy,microbiome,and cognition in depressive patients.METHODS We recruited 67 patients with major depressive disorder(MDD)(MDD group)and 94 healthy controls(HCs)individuals(HCs group).Serum Hcy levels were determined using the enzyme circulation method.16s rRNA sequencing was used to classify and identify the fecal bacteria.17 Hamilton depression rating scale and MATRICS consensus cognitive battery were used to evaluate mood states and cognition in patients with MDD. Correlation analysis was performed to explore the correlation between fecal flora,Hcy, and depressive cognitive function.RESULTSElevated serum levels of Hcy were seen in patients with MDD compared to healthy individuals. Patients withMDD indicated significant decreases in cognitive scores (P < 0.001) in six modules: Speed of processing, workingmemory, visual learning, reasoning and problem-solving, social cognition, and total scores. Hcy levels showed anegative correlation with processing speed, social cognition, and total MDD scores (P < 0.05). Hcy was alsosignificantly negatively correlated with Alistipes, Ruminococcae, Tenericides, and Porphyromonas (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONOur results highlight that Hcy was correlated with cognition and gut microbiome in MDD. This interaction may berelated to the physiological and pathological mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits in depression.
基金Supported by Grants from Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission,No.Z191100006619020Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Incubating Program,2023,No.PX2023070Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Incubating Program,2024,No.PX2024072.
文摘BACKGROUND The tryptophan-kynurenine(TRP-KYN)pathway may be implicated in the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment and pain severity in major depressive disorder(MDD);however,few studies have explored the intricacies of their interaction.AIM To investigate the relationship between the TRP-KYN pathway and cognitive function in MDD patients with and without painful physical symptoms(PPS).METHODS Seventy patients with MDD were recruited,including 33 and 37 with and without PSS,respectively.The Hamilton Depression Scale,the Hamilton Anxiety Scale,and the Short-form of McGill pain questionnaire(SFMPQ)were used to assess clinical symptoms.Cognitive function was assessed by the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery(MCCB)score.TRP-KYN pathway metabolites’serum levels were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.RESULTS The with PPS group exhibited significantly higher TRP-KYN ratios than did the without PPS group;in the former,the SFMPQ scores positively and negatively correlated with the TRP-KYN ratio and total MCCB score,respectively.Regression analysis indicated that body mass index and SFMPQ scores were significantly associated with the TRP-KYN ratio,predicting 30%of the variance.CONCLUSION The TRP-KYN ratio is a potential biomarker for identifying patients with depression accompanied by pain symptoms,and targeting it may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for managing pain in these individuals.Further elucidation of the biological mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in MDD patients with PPS is warranted.
文摘贵州涟江惠水段级次清晰的四级阶地是流域地貌阶段性演化的直观记录。笔者等利用差分GPS测量法精确厘定了涟江阶地的级序和高程,结合剖面观测发现从上游到下游,涟江惠水段阶地标高和级差逐渐降低,地貌面整体呈“收拢”趋势;阶地沉积物呈现砾石层厚度变小,砾石含量降低、砾径减小,砂质沉积占比增大趋势;阶地类型从基座阶地为主向堆积阶地为主演变。光释光(OSL)测年显示,T1阶地埋藏年龄31.2±2.0 ka BP到14.7±1.3 ka BP,T2阶地122.4±8.5 ka BP到66.9±3.8 ka BP,阶地年龄与贵州高原其他流域十分相近,具有同步演化特征。结合阶地时代和发育特征,认为贵州高原河流阶地是构造运动的产物。涟江四级阶地记录了在更新世以来四次构造抬升背景下,流域经过多期自北向南“削高补低”的地貌改造,逐步由构造洼地演变为山间盆地的地貌过程。
