江苏设施蔬菜集约化程度高,劳动力需求大,氮肥用量大,面源污染问题突出。控释氮肥在该地区集约化蔬菜上应用后的减量、增效和减排潜力尚缺乏研究。本研究通过连续三季田间试验,设置4个施肥处理:常规施尿素氮100%N(N1)、常规施尿素氮70%N...江苏设施蔬菜集约化程度高,劳动力需求大,氮肥用量大,面源污染问题突出。控释氮肥在该地区集约化蔬菜上应用后的减量、增效和减排潜力尚缺乏研究。本研究通过连续三季田间试验,设置4个施肥处理:常规施尿素氮100%N(N1)、常规施尿素氮70%N(N2)、基肥一次性施氮70%N(N3,控释氮与尿素氮的比例为7∶3)、基肥和一次追肥70%N(N4,基肥氮为控释氮,追肥氮全部为尿素氮,控释氮与尿素氮的比例为7∶3),研究其对集约化花椰菜和番茄产量、环境效应和经济效益的影响。结果表明:与N1、N2和N4相比,N3处理的产量和利润每季均为最高,花椰菜和番茄平均产量分别达到86.4 t·hm^(-2)和87.0 t·hm^(-2),利润分别达到12.0万元·hm^(-2)和12.2万元·hm^(-2),氨挥发量最低,仅为4.4 kg N·hm^(-2)和9.3 kg N·hm^(-2),三季蔬菜种植后土壤中硝态氮的残留量最低。与N1处理相比,N3处理可使花椰菜和番茄分别平均增产3.7%和21.3%,分别增收10.7%和40.3%,并分别平均减少64.0%和46.9%氨挥发。基于此,在江苏设施蔬菜种植上,与常规(N1)相比,控释氮肥与尿素7∶3混合一次性基施,可减氮30%且增效减排效果显著,值得在生产上推广应用。展开更多
In vegetable cultivation, the majority of N2O emissions occur after fertilization; it is therefore important to understand any factors contributing to this process. An experiment was conducted to investigate short-ter...In vegetable cultivation, the majority of N2O emissions occur after fertilization; it is therefore important to understand any factors contributing to this process. An experiment was conducted to investigate short-term N2O dynamics following topdressing in a greenhouse vegetable field in South China. During two topdressing processes, three different urea-N treatments with irrigation were conducted in May and June in a tomato （Lycopersicum esculentum） cultivation. The N2O fluxes, soil concentration profiles and soil environments at the 0-60 cm depths at 10 cm intervals were measured both immediately prior to and 5 days after topdressing. The N2O fluxes before topdressing ranged from 6.7=1=2.1 to 55.0-4-28.8 μg N m-2 h-1; even higher numbers were recorded in highly fertilized plots. The NO3-N accumulation in the soil caused by vegetable cultivation during the 5 years prior to the start of the experiment, resulted in high background N2O fluxes. One day after topdressing （1 DAT） in May and June, N2O fluxes increased, which coincided with sharp increases in soil N2O concentrations at depths of 2.5 and 15 cm and in NOa-N and NH4＋-N contents at depths of 0-20 cm. From 1 to 5 DAT, fluctuations in the N2O fluxes did not harmonize with the N2O concentrations at a depth of 2.5 cm, which was attributed to different gas diffusion rates at depths of 0-10cm. These results suggested that surface soil N and environmental conditions were crucial for determining the short-term N2O ebullitions during topdressing in greenhouse vegetable cultivation.展开更多
文摘江苏设施蔬菜集约化程度高,劳动力需求大,氮肥用量大,面源污染问题突出。控释氮肥在该地区集约化蔬菜上应用后的减量、增效和减排潜力尚缺乏研究。本研究通过连续三季田间试验,设置4个施肥处理:常规施尿素氮100%N(N1)、常规施尿素氮70%N(N2)、基肥一次性施氮70%N(N3,控释氮与尿素氮的比例为7∶3)、基肥和一次追肥70%N(N4,基肥氮为控释氮,追肥氮全部为尿素氮,控释氮与尿素氮的比例为7∶3),研究其对集约化花椰菜和番茄产量、环境效应和经济效益的影响。结果表明:与N1、N2和N4相比,N3处理的产量和利润每季均为最高,花椰菜和番茄平均产量分别达到86.4 t·hm^(-2)和87.0 t·hm^(-2),利润分别达到12.0万元·hm^(-2)和12.2万元·hm^(-2),氨挥发量最低,仅为4.4 kg N·hm^(-2)和9.3 kg N·hm^(-2),三季蔬菜种植后土壤中硝态氮的残留量最低。与N1处理相比,N3处理可使花椰菜和番茄分别平均增产3.7%和21.3%,分别增收10.7%和40.3%,并分别平均减少64.0%和46.9%氨挥发。基于此,在江苏设施蔬菜种植上,与常规(N1)相比,控释氮肥与尿素7∶3混合一次性基施,可减氮30%且增效减排效果显著,值得在生产上推广应用。
基金Supported by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (No. 09000075)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30821140542)
文摘In vegetable cultivation, the majority of N2O emissions occur after fertilization; it is therefore important to understand any factors contributing to this process. An experiment was conducted to investigate short-term N2O dynamics following topdressing in a greenhouse vegetable field in South China. During two topdressing processes, three different urea-N treatments with irrigation were conducted in May and June in a tomato （Lycopersicum esculentum） cultivation. The N2O fluxes, soil concentration profiles and soil environments at the 0-60 cm depths at 10 cm intervals were measured both immediately prior to and 5 days after topdressing. The N2O fluxes before topdressing ranged from 6.7=1=2.1 to 55.0-4-28.8 μg N m-2 h-1; even higher numbers were recorded in highly fertilized plots. The NO3-N accumulation in the soil caused by vegetable cultivation during the 5 years prior to the start of the experiment, resulted in high background N2O fluxes. One day after topdressing （1 DAT） in May and June, N2O fluxes increased, which coincided with sharp increases in soil N2O concentrations at depths of 2.5 and 15 cm and in NOa-N and NH4＋-N contents at depths of 0-20 cm. From 1 to 5 DAT, fluctuations in the N2O fluxes did not harmonize with the N2O concentrations at a depth of 2.5 cm, which was attributed to different gas diffusion rates at depths of 0-10cm. These results suggested that surface soil N and environmental conditions were crucial for determining the short-term N2O ebullitions during topdressing in greenhouse vegetable cultivation.
