摘要
太湖地区设施蔬菜集约化程度高,劳动力需求大,化肥用量大,面源污染问题突出。水肥一体化技术在节工、增效和减排上具有较好潜力。该技术在北方设施蔬菜种植上的研究较多,然而,尚缺乏在太湖水网地区应用效果的评价。为明确太湖地区水肥一体化技术在设施番茄上的化肥减施、增效和环境减排上的效果,通过田间试验,设置常规化肥氮(FD)处理,并在此基础上分别减化肥氮10%(R10%)、15%(R15%)、20%(R20%)、25%(R25%)和30%(R30%)以及不施化肥氮(CK)处理,分析水肥一体化技术对设施番茄产量、氮肥利用率、土壤氨挥发和经济效益的影响。结果表明:在水肥一体化模式下设施蔬菜氮肥减施10%~20%具有一定的增产效果,其中R15%处理在产量、氮肥利用率和经济效益上均为最高。与FD处理相比,R15%处理可增产6.1%,氮肥表观利用率达41.3%,毛利润增加8.4%,并且减少17.7%的氨挥发排放。研究可为水肥一体化技术在太湖地区的合理应用和推广提供科学指导。
The intensive production of greenhouse vegetables in the Taihu Lake region has a high demand for labor and high fertilizer consumption,making a significant contribution to non-point source pollution in this area.Water and fertigation integration technology has excellent potential for labor-saving,improving fertilizer use efficiency,and reducing nitrogen emissions.This technology has been widely used in Northern China for greenhouse vegetable production.However,there is a lack of evaluation of the application’s effectiveness in the Taihu Lake region.In order to clarify the effects of water and fertigation integration technology on fertilizer reduction,efficiency improvement and nitrogen emission reduction on greenhouse tomatoes in the Taihu Lake region,a field experiment was set up with conventional full dose fertilizer(FD)treatment,non-fertilizer(CK)treatment and a series of treatments with different percentages of nitrogen fertilizer reduction:10%(R10%),15%(R15%),20%(R20%),25%(R25%),30%(R30%).The effects of water and fertigation integration technology on tomato yield,nitrogen use efficiency,soil ammonia volatilization,and economic efficiency were analyzed in detail.The results showed that under the water and fertigation integration technology reducing the nitrogen fertilizer application of 10%to 20%could effectively increase the tomato yield,and the R15%treatment had the highest yield,nitrogen use efficiency,and economic efficiency.Compared with FD treatment,the R15%treatment increased yield by 6.1%,increased gross profit by 8.4%,reduced ammonia volatilization by 17.7%,and reached a high nitrogen use efficiency of 41.3%.This research could provide scientific guidance for the appropriate application and popularization of water and fertigation integration technology in the Taihu Lake region.
作者
王远
许纪元
潘云枫
马明坤
巨昇容
赵冬青
杨东平
闵炬
施卫明
WANG Yuan;XU Ji-yuan;PAN Yun-feng;MA Ming-kun;JU Sheng-rong;ZHAO Dong-qing;YANG Dongping;MIN Ju;SHI Wei-ming(Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Nanjing Jiangsu 210008;Yixing Soil and Fertilizer Station,Yixing Jiangsu 214206)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第5期268-274,共7页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0800204)
山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2019JZZY010701)。
关键词
水肥一体化
化肥减施
氮肥利用率
经济效益
环境效应
water and fertigation integration
fertilizer reduction
nitrogen use efficiency
economic benefit
environmental effect
