The timings and geodynamic controls of Mo,Au,and Au-Mo deposits in the Xiaoqinling Orogen(>630 t Au and 115,000 t Mo),a rare Au-Mo province globally,are addressed by a combination of mineral par-ageneses,crystallin...The timings and geodynamic controls of Mo,Au,and Au-Mo deposits in the Xiaoqinling Orogen(>630 t Au and 115,000 t Mo),a rare Au-Mo province globally,are addressed by a combination of mineral par-ageneses,crystalline mineralogy,geochemistry,and Re-Os and U-Pb geochronology in the Dahu,Qinnan,and Yangzhaiyu deposits.The Xiaoqinling Orogen comprises an E-W-trending fold and thrust system with repeated structural reactivation and the Mo or Au orebodies in these deposits are dominantly controlled by E-W-trending and NW-SE-trending shear zones.Molybdenum mineralization related to K-feldspar alteration comprises early molybdenite,pyrite,rutile,and monazite within gray quartz veins plus late molybdenite and pyrite within white quartz veins in the Dahu and Qinnan Au-Mo deposits.Early and late Au mineralization events have similar mineral assemblages of pyrite,native gold±Au-Ag-Te minerals,rutile,and monazite associated with quartz-sericite alteration at Yangzhaiyu.The early dissem-inated molybdenite is characterized by rhombohedral polytype and oscillatory Re zoning,in contrast to the late molybdenite with a coexistence of rhombohedral and hexagonal polytypes and irregularly distributed Re.The early molybdenite has a Re-Os isochron age of 222.5±1.3 Ma,compatible with a monazite U-Pb age of 224±6.1 Ma,whereas late molybdenite provides a Re-Os isochron age of 185.0±12 Ma,with the implication that the 3R-polytype molybdenite with oscillatory Re zoning is more suitable for high-precision dating.The early and late Au mineralization have a pyrite Re-Os age of 202.0±5.9 Ma and U-Pb age of 124.0±1.3 Ma,respectively.In accordance with its complex geodynamic setting,geological and geochronological studies record a complicated 100-million-year mineralization history with multiple magmatic-hydrothermal Mo and orogenic Au mineralization events that formed within a structural framework of multiply reactivated shear zones.展开更多
Astrocyte maturation is crucial for brain function,yet the mechanisms regulating this process remain poorly understood.In this study,we identify the bHLH transcription factors Olig1 and Olig2 as essential coordinators...Astrocyte maturation is crucial for brain function,yet the mechanisms regulating this process remain poorly understood.In this study,we identify the bHLH transcription factors Olig1 and Olig2 as essential coordinators of cortical astrocyte maturation.We demonstrate that Olig1 and Olig2 work synergistically to regulate cortical astrocyte maturation by modulating Bmp7 expression.Genetic ablation of both Olig1 and Olig2 results in defective astrocyte morphology,including reduced process complexity and an immature gene expression profile.Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals a shift towards a less mature astrocyte state,marked by elevated levels of HOPX and GFAP,resembling human astrocytes.Mechanistically,Olig1 and Olig2 bind directly to the Bmp7 enhancer,repressing its expression to promote astrocyte maturation.Overexpression of Bmp7 in vivo replicates the astrocyte defects seen in Olig1/2 double mutants,confirming the critical role of BMP7 signaling in this process.These findings provide insights into the transcriptional and signaling pathways regulating astrocyte development and highlight Olig1 and Olig2 as key regulators of cortical astrocyte maturation,with potential implications for understanding glial dysfunction in neurological diseases.展开更多
Background Energy deficiency is a leading cause of the high pre-weaning mortality of neonatal piglets in the swine industry.Thus,optimal energy metabolism is of crucial importance for improving the survivability of ne...Background Energy deficiency is a leading cause of the high pre-weaning mortality of neonatal piglets in the swine industry.Thus,optimal energy metabolism is of crucial importance for improving the survivability of neonatal piglets.The effective utilization of milk fat as primary energy is indispensably required.Methods Pregnant sows(n=27)were randomly assigned into 3 treatments.Each treatment received a standard diet(3,265 kcal ME/kg)supplemented with either 0,0.25%or 0.5%clofibrate(w/w)from d 107 of gestation to d 7 of lacta-tion.The effects of maternal clofibrate on their milk fatty acid(FA)and performance of the piglets were evaluated.The evaluations were performed via measuring sow productive performance,milk FA composition,and hepatic FA oxida-tion of the piglets at birth and d 1,7,14 and 19 after birth.Results Maternal supplementation of clofibrate had no effect on reproductive performance of the sows at farrowing and weaning(P>0.05).However,the mortality at weaning was reduced for piglets from sows with 0.25%of clofi-brate,and the average weekly(and daily)gain was higher in piglets from sows that received clofibrate than sows without clofibrate in the first week(P<0.0001).Maternal clofibrate increased percentage of milk C12:0 and C14:0 FAs but decreased C18:2 and n-6 polyunsaturated FAs.Maternal clofibrate also increased plasma ketone body levels and hepatic FA oxidation measured at the first day of birth,but the increase was not detected in piglets on d 7,14 or 19.Clofibrate was not detected in milk collected from the clofibrate-treated sows.The percentage of FA oxidation decreased,and the percentage of FA esterification increased with increasing in postnatal age.Supplemental carni-tine increased FA oxidation regardless of succinate dehydrogenase inhibition,and the increase had no effect on FA esterification.Conclusions Maternal supplementation of clofibrate during late gestation and early lactation increases hepatic FA oxidative metabolism at birth and improves growth performance of newborn piglets.Maternal clofibrate transfer to suckling piglets via milk was not detected.Carnitine availability is critical for piglets to maintain a high FA oxidation rate during the suckling period.展开更多
Neural machine interface technology is a pioneering approach that aims to address the complex challenges of neurological dysfunctions and disabilities resulting from conditions such as congenital disorders,traumatic i...Neural machine interface technology is a pioneering approach that aims to address the complex challenges of neurological dysfunctions and disabilities resulting from conditions such as congenital disorders,traumatic injuries,and neurological diseases.Neural machine interface technology establishes direct connections with the brain or peripheral nervous system to restore impaired motor,sensory,and cognitive functions,significantly improving patients'quality of life.This review analyzes the chronological development and integration of various neural machine interface technologies,including regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces,targeted muscle and sensory reinnervation,agonist–antagonist myoneural interfaces,and brain–machine interfaces.Recent advancements in flexible electronics and bioengineering have led to the development of more biocompatible and highresolution electrodes,which enhance the performance and longevity of neural machine interface technology.However,significant challenges remain,such as signal interference,fibrous tissue encapsulation,and the need for precise anatomical localization and reconstruction.The integration of advanced signal processing algorithms,particularly those utilizing artificial intelligence and machine learning,has the potential to improve the accuracy and reliability of neural signal interpretation,which will make neural machine interface technologies more intuitive and effective.These technologies have broad,impactful clinical applications,ranging from motor restoration and sensory feedback in prosthetics to neurological disorder treatment and neurorehabilitation.This review suggests that multidisciplinary collaboration will play a critical role in advancing neural machine interface technologies by combining insights from biomedical engineering,clinical surgery,and neuroengineering to develop more sophisticated and reliable interfaces.By addressing existing limitations and exploring new technological frontiers,neural machine interface technologies have the potential to revolutionize neuroprosthetics and neurorehabilitation,promising enhanced mobility,independence,and quality of life for individuals with neurological impairments.By leveraging detailed anatomical knowledge and integrating cutting-edge neuroengineering principles,researchers and clinicians can push the boundaries of what is possible and create increasingly sophisticated and long-lasting prosthetic devices that provide sustained benefits for users.展开更多
Sulfoxides and sulfide compounds have broad-spectrum biological properties and have received considerable attention in the past few decades.Herein we reported two metal and oxidant-free,practical and efficient methods...Sulfoxides and sulfide compounds have broad-spectrum biological properties and have received considerable attention in the past few decades.Herein we reported two metal and oxidant-free,practical and efficient methods for the synthesis of highly synthetically useful and structurally diverse ortho-aminoaryl sulfoxides and 3,4,5-trisubstituted oxazolones from readily accessible N-arylhydroxylamines and N-thiophthalimides.This rapid transformation occurred smoothly to achieve chemo-and regioselective cascade rearrangements due to the differences of the protecting-groups of the nitrogen atom of N-arylhydroxyamines.DFT studies suggested that the competing S-O and S-C bond formations via SN2 nucleophilic substitution are crucial for the observed protecting-group-dependent chemoselectivity.Subsequent applications have shown that these two protocols might be powerful tools for the construction of sulfur-containing complex molecules under simple conditions.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)hold great promise for next-generation energy storage but face challenges such as Zn dendrite growth,side reactions,and limited performance at low temperatures.Here,we propose an elect...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)hold great promise for next-generation energy storage but face challenges such as Zn dendrite growth,side reactions,and limited performance at low temperatures.Here,we propose an electrolyte design strategy that reconstructs the hydrogenbond network through the synergistic effect of glycerol(GL)and methylsulfonamide(MSA),enabling the formation of a(100)-oriented Zn anode.This design significantly broadens the operating current and temperature windows of AZIBs.As a result,Zn||Zn symmetric cells exhibit remarkable cycling stability,achieving 4,000 h at 1 mA cm^(-2)and 600 h at 40 mA cm^(-2)(both at 1 mAh cm^(-2)capacity);even at-20℃,Zn||Zn symmetric cells deliver ultra-stable cycling for over 5,400 h.Furthermore,Zn||VO_(2)full cells retain 77.3%of their capacity after 2,000 cycles at 30°C with a current density of 0.5 A g^(-1)and 85.4%capacity retention after 2,000 cycles at-20°C and 0.25 A g^(-1).These results demonstrate a robust pathway for enhancing the practicality and low-temperature adaptability of AZIBs.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2020YFA0714802)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42330809)the 111 Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology(BP0719021).
文摘The timings and geodynamic controls of Mo,Au,and Au-Mo deposits in the Xiaoqinling Orogen(>630 t Au and 115,000 t Mo),a rare Au-Mo province globally,are addressed by a combination of mineral par-ageneses,crystalline mineralogy,geochemistry,and Re-Os and U-Pb geochronology in the Dahu,Qinnan,and Yangzhaiyu deposits.The Xiaoqinling Orogen comprises an E-W-trending fold and thrust system with repeated structural reactivation and the Mo or Au orebodies in these deposits are dominantly controlled by E-W-trending and NW-SE-trending shear zones.Molybdenum mineralization related to K-feldspar alteration comprises early molybdenite,pyrite,rutile,and monazite within gray quartz veins plus late molybdenite and pyrite within white quartz veins in the Dahu and Qinnan Au-Mo deposits.Early and late Au mineralization events have similar mineral assemblages of pyrite,native gold±Au-Ag-Te minerals,rutile,and monazite associated with quartz-sericite alteration at Yangzhaiyu.The early dissem-inated molybdenite is characterized by rhombohedral polytype and oscillatory Re zoning,in contrast to the late molybdenite with a coexistence of rhombohedral and hexagonal polytypes and irregularly distributed Re.The early molybdenite has a Re-Os isochron age of 222.5±1.3 Ma,compatible with a monazite U-Pb age of 224±6.1 Ma,whereas late molybdenite provides a Re-Os isochron age of 185.0±12 Ma,with the implication that the 3R-polytype molybdenite with oscillatory Re zoning is more suitable for high-precision dating.The early and late Au mineralization have a pyrite Re-Os age of 202.0±5.9 Ma and U-Pb age of 124.0±1.3 Ma,respectively.In accordance with its complex geodynamic setting,geological and geochronological studies record a complicated 100-million-year mineralization history with multiple magmatic-hydrothermal Mo and orogenic Au mineralization events that formed within a structural framework of multiply reactivated shear zones.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82271197,81974175,31820103006,32070971,32200792,32200776).
文摘Astrocyte maturation is crucial for brain function,yet the mechanisms regulating this process remain poorly understood.In this study,we identify the bHLH transcription factors Olig1 and Olig2 as essential coordinators of cortical astrocyte maturation.We demonstrate that Olig1 and Olig2 work synergistically to regulate cortical astrocyte maturation by modulating Bmp7 expression.Genetic ablation of both Olig1 and Olig2 results in defective astrocyte morphology,including reduced process complexity and an immature gene expression profile.Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals a shift towards a less mature astrocyte state,marked by elevated levels of HOPX and GFAP,resembling human astrocytes.Mechanistically,Olig1 and Olig2 bind directly to the Bmp7 enhancer,repressing its expression to promote astrocyte maturation.Overexpression of Bmp7 in vivo replicates the astrocyte defects seen in Olig1/2 double mutants,confirming the critical role of BMP7 signaling in this process.These findings provide insights into the transcriptional and signaling pathways regulating astrocyte development and highlight Olig1 and Olig2 as key regulators of cortical astrocyte maturation,with potential implications for understanding glial dysfunction in neurological diseases.
基金Animal Nutrition,Growth and Lactation(grant no.2015–67015-23245/project accession no.1005855)Animal Health and Production and Animal Products(grant no.2023–67015-39663/1030033)from the USDA National Institute of Food and AgricultureNorth Carolina Agricultural Research Hatch projects 1016618 and 02780.
文摘Background Energy deficiency is a leading cause of the high pre-weaning mortality of neonatal piglets in the swine industry.Thus,optimal energy metabolism is of crucial importance for improving the survivability of neonatal piglets.The effective utilization of milk fat as primary energy is indispensably required.Methods Pregnant sows(n=27)were randomly assigned into 3 treatments.Each treatment received a standard diet(3,265 kcal ME/kg)supplemented with either 0,0.25%or 0.5%clofibrate(w/w)from d 107 of gestation to d 7 of lacta-tion.The effects of maternal clofibrate on their milk fatty acid(FA)and performance of the piglets were evaluated.The evaluations were performed via measuring sow productive performance,milk FA composition,and hepatic FA oxida-tion of the piglets at birth and d 1,7,14 and 19 after birth.Results Maternal supplementation of clofibrate had no effect on reproductive performance of the sows at farrowing and weaning(P>0.05).However,the mortality at weaning was reduced for piglets from sows with 0.25%of clofi-brate,and the average weekly(and daily)gain was higher in piglets from sows that received clofibrate than sows without clofibrate in the first week(P<0.0001).Maternal clofibrate increased percentage of milk C12:0 and C14:0 FAs but decreased C18:2 and n-6 polyunsaturated FAs.Maternal clofibrate also increased plasma ketone body levels and hepatic FA oxidation measured at the first day of birth,but the increase was not detected in piglets on d 7,14 or 19.Clofibrate was not detected in milk collected from the clofibrate-treated sows.The percentage of FA oxidation decreased,and the percentage of FA esterification increased with increasing in postnatal age.Supplemental carni-tine increased FA oxidation regardless of succinate dehydrogenase inhibition,and the increase had no effect on FA esterification.Conclusions Maternal supplementation of clofibrate during late gestation and early lactation increases hepatic FA oxidative metabolism at birth and improves growth performance of newborn piglets.Maternal clofibrate transfer to suckling piglets via milk was not detected.Carnitine availability is critical for piglets to maintain a high FA oxidation rate during the suckling period.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81927804(to GL),82260456(to LY),U21A20479(to LY)Science and Technology Planning Project of Shenzhen,No.JCYJ20230807140559047(to LY)+3 种基金Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province,No.2020B0909020004(to GL)Guangdong Basic and Applied Research Foundation,No.2023A1515011478(to LY)the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province,No.2022A0505090007(to GL)Ministry of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,No.QN2022032013L(to LY)。
文摘Neural machine interface technology is a pioneering approach that aims to address the complex challenges of neurological dysfunctions and disabilities resulting from conditions such as congenital disorders,traumatic injuries,and neurological diseases.Neural machine interface technology establishes direct connections with the brain or peripheral nervous system to restore impaired motor,sensory,and cognitive functions,significantly improving patients'quality of life.This review analyzes the chronological development and integration of various neural machine interface technologies,including regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces,targeted muscle and sensory reinnervation,agonist–antagonist myoneural interfaces,and brain–machine interfaces.Recent advancements in flexible electronics and bioengineering have led to the development of more biocompatible and highresolution electrodes,which enhance the performance and longevity of neural machine interface technology.However,significant challenges remain,such as signal interference,fibrous tissue encapsulation,and the need for precise anatomical localization and reconstruction.The integration of advanced signal processing algorithms,particularly those utilizing artificial intelligence and machine learning,has the potential to improve the accuracy and reliability of neural signal interpretation,which will make neural machine interface technologies more intuitive and effective.These technologies have broad,impactful clinical applications,ranging from motor restoration and sensory feedback in prosthetics to neurological disorder treatment and neurorehabilitation.This review suggests that multidisciplinary collaboration will play a critical role in advancing neural machine interface technologies by combining insights from biomedical engineering,clinical surgery,and neuroengineering to develop more sophisticated and reliable interfaces.By addressing existing limitations and exploring new technological frontiers,neural machine interface technologies have the potential to revolutionize neuroprosthetics and neurorehabilitation,promising enhanced mobility,independence,and quality of life for individuals with neurological impairments.By leveraging detailed anatomical knowledge and integrating cutting-edge neuroengineering principles,researchers and clinicians can push the boundaries of what is possible and create increasingly sophisticated and long-lasting prosthetic devices that provide sustained benefits for users.
基金Financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22271176,22371171)the Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province(No.tsqn202306015)Shandong University were gratefully appreciated.
文摘Sulfoxides and sulfide compounds have broad-spectrum biological properties and have received considerable attention in the past few decades.Herein we reported two metal and oxidant-free,practical and efficient methods for the synthesis of highly synthetically useful and structurally diverse ortho-aminoaryl sulfoxides and 3,4,5-trisubstituted oxazolones from readily accessible N-arylhydroxylamines and N-thiophthalimides.This rapid transformation occurred smoothly to achieve chemo-and regioselective cascade rearrangements due to the differences of the protecting-groups of the nitrogen atom of N-arylhydroxyamines.DFT studies suggested that the competing S-O and S-C bond formations via SN2 nucleophilic substitution are crucial for the observed protecting-group-dependent chemoselectivity.Subsequent applications have shown that these two protocols might be powerful tools for the construction of sulfur-containing complex molecules under simple conditions.
基金financially supported by Guangdong Major Project of Basic Research(No.2023B0303000002)Shenzhen Fundamental Research Programs(No.JCYJ20241202125404007)+1 种基金Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage(No.ZDSYS20220401141000001)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52263016,22265007)。
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)hold great promise for next-generation energy storage but face challenges such as Zn dendrite growth,side reactions,and limited performance at low temperatures.Here,we propose an electrolyte design strategy that reconstructs the hydrogenbond network through the synergistic effect of glycerol(GL)and methylsulfonamide(MSA),enabling the formation of a(100)-oriented Zn anode.This design significantly broadens the operating current and temperature windows of AZIBs.As a result,Zn||Zn symmetric cells exhibit remarkable cycling stability,achieving 4,000 h at 1 mA cm^(-2)and 600 h at 40 mA cm^(-2)(both at 1 mAh cm^(-2)capacity);even at-20℃,Zn||Zn symmetric cells deliver ultra-stable cycling for over 5,400 h.Furthermore,Zn||VO_(2)full cells retain 77.3%of their capacity after 2,000 cycles at 30°C with a current density of 0.5 A g^(-1)and 85.4%capacity retention after 2,000 cycles at-20°C and 0.25 A g^(-1).These results demonstrate a robust pathway for enhancing the practicality and low-temperature adaptability of AZIBs.
