The in-flight calibration and performance of the Solar Disk Imager(SDI),which is a pivotal instrument of the LyαSolar Telescope onboard the Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory mission,suggested a much lower spatia...The in-flight calibration and performance of the Solar Disk Imager(SDI),which is a pivotal instrument of the LyαSolar Telescope onboard the Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory mission,suggested a much lower spatial resolution than expected.In this paper,we developed the SDI point-spread function(PSF)and Image Bivariate Optimization Algorithm(SPIBOA)to improve the quality of SDI images.The bivariate optimization method smartly combines deep learning with optical system modeling.Despite the lack of information about the real image taken by SDI and the optical system function,this algorithm effectively estimates the PSF of the SDI imaging system directly from a large sample of observational data.We use the estimated PSF to conduct deconvolution correction to observed SDI images,and the resulting images show that the spatial resolution after correction has increased by a factor of more than three with respect to the observed ones.Meanwhile,our method also significantly reduces the inherent noise in the observed SDI images.The SPIBOA has now been successfully integrated into the routine SDI data processing,providing important support for the scientific studies based on the data.The development and application of SPIBOA also paves new ways to identify astronomical telescope systems and enhance observational image quality.Some essential factors and precautions in applying the SPIBOA method are also discussed.展开更多
The use of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries is limited by sulfur redox reactions involving multi-phase transformations,especially at low-temperatures.To address this issue,we report a material(FCNS@NCFs)consisting of nit...The use of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries is limited by sulfur redox reactions involving multi-phase transformations,especially at low-temperatures.To address this issue,we report a material(FCNS@NCFs)consisting of nitrogen-doped carbon fibers loaded with a ternary metal sulf-ide((Fe,Co,Ni)_(9)S_(8))for use as the sulfur host in Li-S batteries.This materi-al was prepared using transfer blot filter paper as the carbon precursor,thiourea as the source of nitrogen and sulfur,and FeCl_(3)·6H_(2)O,CoCl_(2)·6H_(2)O and NiCl_(2)·6H_(2)O as the metal ion sources.It was synthesized by an impreg-nation method followed by calcination.The nitrogen doping significantly in-creased the conductivity of the host,and the metal sulfides have excellent catalytic activities.Theoretical calculations,and adsorption and deposition experiments show that active sites on the surface of FCNS@NCFs selectively adsorb polysulfides,facilitate rapid adsorption and conversion,prevent cathode passivation and inhib-it the polysulfide shuttling.The FCNS@NCFs used as the sulfur host has excellent electrochemical properties.Its initial dis-charge capacity is 1639.0 mAh g^(−1) at 0.2 C and room temperature,and it remains a capacity of 1255.1 mAh g^(−1) after 100 cycles.At−20~C,it has an initial discharge capacity of 1578.5 mAh g^(−1) at 0.2 C,with a capacity of 867.5 mAh g^(−1) after 100 cycles.Its excellent performance at both ambient and low temperatures suggests a new way to produce high-performance low-temper-ature Li-S batteries.展开更多
Background:Ferroptosis is a type of regulated cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation,which has been linked to tumor progression and therapeutic resistance.However,the contribution of lactate met...Background:Ferroptosis is a type of regulated cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation,which has been linked to tumor progression and therapeutic resistance.However,the contribution of lactate metabolism and its receptor,hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1(HCAR1),in ferroptosis regulation in gastric cancer(GC)remains poorly understood.Focusing specifically on its effects on cell proliferation,ferroptosis regulation,and the disruption of lactate-mediatedmetabolic pathways,the study aimed to clarify the role ofHCAR1 in GC progression.Methods:Bioinformatics analysis identified prognostic genes associated with ferroptosis in GC.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were generated to assess the diagnostic potential of the predictive genes.The biological role of HCAR1 was investigated through gain and loss-of-function experiments in GC cell lines,followed by assessments of cell viability,oxidative stress indicators,gene/protein expression,and ferroptosis sensitivity under lactate stimulation or HCAR1modulation.Results:HCAR1 was significantly upregulated in GC tissues and linked to poor patient outcomes.Silencing HCAR1 inhibited GC cell growth and induced ferroptosis,as shown by increased levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and malondialdehyde(MDA),along with decreased expression of solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11)and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4).Conversely,HCAR1 overexpression or exposure to extracellular lactate inhibited ferroptosis and activated antioxidant defenses.Mechanistically,lactate activation of HCAR1 increases ATP levels,which in turn inactivates AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK).It also upregulates stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1(SCD1)through the sterol regulatory element binding protein 1(SREBP1)signaling pathway.Blocking HCAR1 reversed these effects and restored ferroptosis sensitivity.Conclusion:HCAR1 mediates lactate-driven ferroptosis resistance in GC through the AMPK-SCD1 signaling pathway.Targeting the HCAR1-lactate axis may offer a promising strategy for overcoming metabolic adaptation and improving GC treatment outcomes.展开更多
The 2019 Typhoon Lekima triggered extensive landslides in Zhejiang Province.To explore the impact of typhoon paths on the distribution of landslide susceptibility,this study proposes a spatiotemporal zoning assessment...The 2019 Typhoon Lekima triggered extensive landslides in Zhejiang Province.To explore the impact of typhoon paths on the distribution of landslide susceptibility,this study proposes a spatiotemporal zoning assessment framework based on typhoon paths and inner rainbands.According to the typhoon landing path and its rainfall impact range,the study area is divided into the typhoon event period(TEP)and the annual non-typhoon period(ANP).The model uses 14 environmental factors,with the only difference between TEP and ANP being the rainfall index:TEP uses 48-hour rainfall during the typhoon,while ANP uses multi-year average annual rainfall.Modeling and comparative analysis were conducted using six machine learning models including random forest(RF)and support vector machine(SVM).The results show that the distribution pattern of high-risk landslide areas during TEP is significantly correlated with typhoon intensity:when the intensity is level 12,high-risk areas are radially distributed;at levels 10-11,they tend to concentrate asymmetrically along the coast;and when the intensity drops to below level 9,the overall susceptibility decreases significantly.During ANP,the distribution of landslides is relatively uniform with no obvious spatial concentration.Analysis on the factor contribution rate indicates that the rainfall weight in TEP is as high as 32.1%,making it the dominant factor;in ANP,the rainfall weight drops to 13.6%while the influence of factors such as slope and topographic wetness index increases,revealing differences in landslide formation mechanisms between the two periods.This study demonstrates that the spatiotemporal zoning method based on typhoon paths can effectively characterize the spatial susceptibility patterns of landslides and improve disaster identification capabilities under extreme weather conditions.The finally generated annual susceptibility zoning map divides the study area into four types of risk regions,providing a reference for dynamic monitoring and differentiated risk management of landslides in typhoon-prone areas.展开更多
In order to gain a deeper understanding of the effect of pulsed current on the mechanical properties and size effect of nanocrystalline Ni foils,nanocrystalline Ni foils with different grain thickness-to-grain size ra...In order to gain a deeper understanding of the effect of pulsed current on the mechanical properties and size effect of nanocrystalline Ni foils,nanocrystalline Ni foils with different grain thickness-to-grain size ratios(λ)were prepared using pulsed electrodeposition in this paper and unidirectional tensile experiments were carried out at room temperature with different currents and their applied directions.The experimental results show that the nanocrystalline Ni foil produces an obvious electroplasticity effect after applying the current field,and when 300<λ<1100,the current weakens the size effect of nanocrystalline Ni foils to a certain extent,and the angle between the current direction and the deformation direction also affects the mechanical response of nanocrystalline Ni foils,and when the angle between the current direction and the deformation direction is 0°,electroplasticity effect is the best,and the current has the most significant effect of abating the size effect of the material.The mechanism of unidirectional tensile deformation of nanocrystalline Ni foils under the effect of pulsed current was analyzed using TEM and TKD.It was found that the applied pulse current increased the activity of the nanocrystalline boundaries,promoted the movement of dislocations,and reduced the tendency of dislocation entanglement.The higher the peak current density and the smaller the angle between the direction of the current and the direction of deformation,the smaller the grain boundary orientation difference,the more dispersed the grain orientation,and the lower the density of geometrically necessary dislocations(GND)in the deformed nanocrystalline foil,the more significant the effect on material plasticity improvement.展开更多
BACKGROUND The treatment of gastric cancer(GC)has caused an enormous social burden worldwide.Accumulating studies have reported that N6-methyladenosine(m6A)is closely related to tumor progression.METTL5 is a m6A methy...BACKGROUND The treatment of gastric cancer(GC)has caused an enormous social burden worldwide.Accumulating studies have reported that N6-methyladenosine(m6A)is closely related to tumor progression.METTL5 is a m6A methyltransferase that plays a pivotal role in maintaining the metabolic stability of cells.However,its aberrant regulation in GC has not been fully elucidated.AIM To excavate the role of METTL5 in the development of GC.METHODS METTL5 expression and clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed via The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset and further verified via immunohistochemistry,western blotting and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in tissue microarrays and clinical samples.The tumor-promoting effect of METTL5 on HGC-27 and AGS cells was explored in vitro by Cell Counting Kit-8 assays,colony formation assays,scratch healing assays,transwell assays and flow cytometry.The tumor-promoting role of METTL5 in vivo was evaluated in a xenograft tumor model.The EpiQuik m6A RNA Methylation Quantification Kit was used for m6A quantification.Next,liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to evaluate the association between METTL5 and sphingomyelin metabolism,which was confirmed by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and rescue tests.In addition,we investigated whether METTL5 affects the sensitivity of GC cells to cisplatin via colony formation and transwell experiments.RESULTS Our research revealed substantial upregulation of METTL5,which suggested a poor prognosis of GC patients.Increased METTL5 expression indicated distant lymph node metastasis,advanced cancer stage and pathological grade.An increased level of METTL5 correlated with a high degree of m6A methylation.METTL5 markedly promotes the proliferation,migration,and invasion of GC cells in vitro.METTL5 also promotes the growth of GC in animal models.METTL5 knockdown resulted in significant changes in sphingomyelin metabolism,which implies that METTL5 may impact the development of GC via sphingomyelin metabolism.In addition,high METTL5 expression led to cisplatin resistance.CONCLUSION METTL5 was found to be an oncogenic driver of GC and may be a new target for therapy since it facilitates GC carcinogenesis through sphingomyelin metabolism and cisplatin resistance.展开更多
For time-of-flight(TOF)light detection and ranging(LiDAR),a three-channel high-performance transimpedance amplifier(TIA)with high immunity to input load capacitance is presented.A regulated cascade(RGC)as the input st...For time-of-flight(TOF)light detection and ranging(LiDAR),a three-channel high-performance transimpedance amplifier(TIA)with high immunity to input load capacitance is presented.A regulated cascade(RGC)as the input stage is at the core of the complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS)circuit chip,giving it more immunity to input photodiode detectors.A simple smart output interface acting as a feedback structure,which is rarely found in other designs,reduces the chip size and power consumption simultaneously.The circuit is designed using a 0.5μm CMOS process technology to achieve low cost.The device delivers a 33.87 dB?transimpedance gain at 350 MHz.With a higher input load capacitance,it shows a-3 dB bandwidth of 461 MHz,indicating a better detector tolerance at the front end of the system.Under a 3.3 V supply voltage,the device consumes 5.2 mW,and the total chip area with three channels is 402.8×597.0μm2(including the test pads).展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under grant No.12233012,the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,grant No.XDB0560102the National Key R&D Program of China 2022YFF0503003(2022YFF0503000)。
文摘The in-flight calibration and performance of the Solar Disk Imager(SDI),which is a pivotal instrument of the LyαSolar Telescope onboard the Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory mission,suggested a much lower spatial resolution than expected.In this paper,we developed the SDI point-spread function(PSF)and Image Bivariate Optimization Algorithm(SPIBOA)to improve the quality of SDI images.The bivariate optimization method smartly combines deep learning with optical system modeling.Despite the lack of information about the real image taken by SDI and the optical system function,this algorithm effectively estimates the PSF of the SDI imaging system directly from a large sample of observational data.We use the estimated PSF to conduct deconvolution correction to observed SDI images,and the resulting images show that the spatial resolution after correction has increased by a factor of more than three with respect to the observed ones.Meanwhile,our method also significantly reduces the inherent noise in the observed SDI images.The SPIBOA has now been successfully integrated into the routine SDI data processing,providing important support for the scientific studies based on the data.The development and application of SPIBOA also paves new ways to identify astronomical telescope systems and enhance observational image quality.Some essential factors and precautions in applying the SPIBOA method are also discussed.
基金partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172250)Institute of Process Engineering(IPE)Project for Frontier Basic Research(QYJC-2023-06)。
文摘The use of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries is limited by sulfur redox reactions involving multi-phase transformations,especially at low-temperatures.To address this issue,we report a material(FCNS@NCFs)consisting of nitrogen-doped carbon fibers loaded with a ternary metal sulf-ide((Fe,Co,Ni)_(9)S_(8))for use as the sulfur host in Li-S batteries.This materi-al was prepared using transfer blot filter paper as the carbon precursor,thiourea as the source of nitrogen and sulfur,and FeCl_(3)·6H_(2)O,CoCl_(2)·6H_(2)O and NiCl_(2)·6H_(2)O as the metal ion sources.It was synthesized by an impreg-nation method followed by calcination.The nitrogen doping significantly in-creased the conductivity of the host,and the metal sulfides have excellent catalytic activities.Theoretical calculations,and adsorption and deposition experiments show that active sites on the surface of FCNS@NCFs selectively adsorb polysulfides,facilitate rapid adsorption and conversion,prevent cathode passivation and inhib-it the polysulfide shuttling.The FCNS@NCFs used as the sulfur host has excellent electrochemical properties.Its initial dis-charge capacity is 1639.0 mAh g^(−1) at 0.2 C and room temperature,and it remains a capacity of 1255.1 mAh g^(−1) after 100 cycles.At−20~C,it has an initial discharge capacity of 1578.5 mAh g^(−1) at 0.2 C,with a capacity of 867.5 mAh g^(−1) after 100 cycles.Its excellent performance at both ambient and low temperatures suggests a new way to produce high-performance low-temper-ature Li-S batteries.
文摘Background:Ferroptosis is a type of regulated cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation,which has been linked to tumor progression and therapeutic resistance.However,the contribution of lactate metabolism and its receptor,hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1(HCAR1),in ferroptosis regulation in gastric cancer(GC)remains poorly understood.Focusing specifically on its effects on cell proliferation,ferroptosis regulation,and the disruption of lactate-mediatedmetabolic pathways,the study aimed to clarify the role ofHCAR1 in GC progression.Methods:Bioinformatics analysis identified prognostic genes associated with ferroptosis in GC.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were generated to assess the diagnostic potential of the predictive genes.The biological role of HCAR1 was investigated through gain and loss-of-function experiments in GC cell lines,followed by assessments of cell viability,oxidative stress indicators,gene/protein expression,and ferroptosis sensitivity under lactate stimulation or HCAR1modulation.Results:HCAR1 was significantly upregulated in GC tissues and linked to poor patient outcomes.Silencing HCAR1 inhibited GC cell growth and induced ferroptosis,as shown by increased levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and malondialdehyde(MDA),along with decreased expression of solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11)and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4).Conversely,HCAR1 overexpression or exposure to extracellular lactate inhibited ferroptosis and activated antioxidant defenses.Mechanistically,lactate activation of HCAR1 increases ATP levels,which in turn inactivates AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK).It also upregulates stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1(SCD1)through the sterol regulatory element binding protein 1(SREBP1)signaling pathway.Blocking HCAR1 reversed these effects and restored ferroptosis sensitivity.Conclusion:HCAR1 mediates lactate-driven ferroptosis resistance in GC through the AMPK-SCD1 signaling pathway.Targeting the HCAR1-lactate axis may offer a promising strategy for overcoming metabolic adaptation and improving GC treatment outcomes.
基金supported by the project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42371203 and U21A2032)the project Financial Fund of Sichuan Institute of Geological Survey(SCIGSCZDXM-2024008)+1 种基金Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Department Program Funding(No.2025YFHZ0010)Science and Technology Program of Aba City(NO.R24YYJSYJ0001)。
文摘The 2019 Typhoon Lekima triggered extensive landslides in Zhejiang Province.To explore the impact of typhoon paths on the distribution of landslide susceptibility,this study proposes a spatiotemporal zoning assessment framework based on typhoon paths and inner rainbands.According to the typhoon landing path and its rainfall impact range,the study area is divided into the typhoon event period(TEP)and the annual non-typhoon period(ANP).The model uses 14 environmental factors,with the only difference between TEP and ANP being the rainfall index:TEP uses 48-hour rainfall during the typhoon,while ANP uses multi-year average annual rainfall.Modeling and comparative analysis were conducted using six machine learning models including random forest(RF)and support vector machine(SVM).The results show that the distribution pattern of high-risk landslide areas during TEP is significantly correlated with typhoon intensity:when the intensity is level 12,high-risk areas are radially distributed;at levels 10-11,they tend to concentrate asymmetrically along the coast;and when the intensity drops to below level 9,the overall susceptibility decreases significantly.During ANP,the distribution of landslides is relatively uniform with no obvious spatial concentration.Analysis on the factor contribution rate indicates that the rainfall weight in TEP is as high as 32.1%,making it the dominant factor;in ANP,the rainfall weight drops to 13.6%while the influence of factors such as slope and topographic wetness index increases,revealing differences in landslide formation mechanisms between the two periods.This study demonstrates that the spatiotemporal zoning method based on typhoon paths can effectively characterize the spatial susceptibility patterns of landslides and improve disaster identification capabilities under extreme weather conditions.The finally generated annual susceptibility zoning map divides the study area into four types of risk regions,providing a reference for dynamic monitoring and differentiated risk management of landslides in typhoon-prone areas.
基金Project(51975167)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘In order to gain a deeper understanding of the effect of pulsed current on the mechanical properties and size effect of nanocrystalline Ni foils,nanocrystalline Ni foils with different grain thickness-to-grain size ratios(λ)were prepared using pulsed electrodeposition in this paper and unidirectional tensile experiments were carried out at room temperature with different currents and their applied directions.The experimental results show that the nanocrystalline Ni foil produces an obvious electroplasticity effect after applying the current field,and when 300<λ<1100,the current weakens the size effect of nanocrystalline Ni foils to a certain extent,and the angle between the current direction and the deformation direction also affects the mechanical response of nanocrystalline Ni foils,and when the angle between the current direction and the deformation direction is 0°,electroplasticity effect is the best,and the current has the most significant effect of abating the size effect of the material.The mechanism of unidirectional tensile deformation of nanocrystalline Ni foils under the effect of pulsed current was analyzed using TEM and TKD.It was found that the applied pulse current increased the activity of the nanocrystalline boundaries,promoted the movement of dislocations,and reduced the tendency of dislocation entanglement.The higher the peak current density and the smaller the angle between the direction of the current and the direction of deformation,the smaller the grain boundary orientation difference,the more dispersed the grain orientation,and the lower the density of geometrically necessary dislocations(GND)in the deformed nanocrystalline foil,the more significant the effect on material plasticity improvement.
文摘BACKGROUND The treatment of gastric cancer(GC)has caused an enormous social burden worldwide.Accumulating studies have reported that N6-methyladenosine(m6A)is closely related to tumor progression.METTL5 is a m6A methyltransferase that plays a pivotal role in maintaining the metabolic stability of cells.However,its aberrant regulation in GC has not been fully elucidated.AIM To excavate the role of METTL5 in the development of GC.METHODS METTL5 expression and clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed via The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset and further verified via immunohistochemistry,western blotting and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in tissue microarrays and clinical samples.The tumor-promoting effect of METTL5 on HGC-27 and AGS cells was explored in vitro by Cell Counting Kit-8 assays,colony formation assays,scratch healing assays,transwell assays and flow cytometry.The tumor-promoting role of METTL5 in vivo was evaluated in a xenograft tumor model.The EpiQuik m6A RNA Methylation Quantification Kit was used for m6A quantification.Next,liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to evaluate the association between METTL5 and sphingomyelin metabolism,which was confirmed by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and rescue tests.In addition,we investigated whether METTL5 affects the sensitivity of GC cells to cisplatin via colony formation and transwell experiments.RESULTS Our research revealed substantial upregulation of METTL5,which suggested a poor prognosis of GC patients.Increased METTL5 expression indicated distant lymph node metastasis,advanced cancer stage and pathological grade.An increased level of METTL5 correlated with a high degree of m6A methylation.METTL5 markedly promotes the proliferation,migration,and invasion of GC cells in vitro.METTL5 also promotes the growth of GC in animal models.METTL5 knockdown resulted in significant changes in sphingomyelin metabolism,which implies that METTL5 may impact the development of GC via sphingomyelin metabolism.In addition,high METTL5 expression led to cisplatin resistance.CONCLUSION METTL5 was found to be an oncogenic driver of GC and may be a new target for therapy since it facilitates GC carcinogenesis through sphingomyelin metabolism and cisplatin resistance.
文摘For time-of-flight(TOF)light detection and ranging(LiDAR),a three-channel high-performance transimpedance amplifier(TIA)with high immunity to input load capacitance is presented.A regulated cascade(RGC)as the input stage is at the core of the complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS)circuit chip,giving it more immunity to input photodiode detectors.A simple smart output interface acting as a feedback structure,which is rarely found in other designs,reduces the chip size and power consumption simultaneously.The circuit is designed using a 0.5μm CMOS process technology to achieve low cost.The device delivers a 33.87 dB?transimpedance gain at 350 MHz.With a higher input load capacitance,it shows a-3 dB bandwidth of 461 MHz,indicating a better detector tolerance at the front end of the system.Under a 3.3 V supply voltage,the device consumes 5.2 mW,and the total chip area with three channels is 402.8×597.0μm2(including the test pads).
