INTRODUCTION Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)is the leading cause of severe acute lower respiratory tract infection(LRTI)in infants and young children,resulting in an estimated 33 million infections annually,>3 mil...INTRODUCTION Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)is the leading cause of severe acute lower respiratory tract infection(LRTI)in infants and young children,resulting in an estimated 33 million infections annually,>3 million hospitalizations,and>100000 deaths in children under 5 years globally,with a mortality rate of up to 9%in low-resource countries,which have 99%of the global RSV mortality.1 RSV infection is associated with an increased risk of respiratory failure,admission to the ICU,mechanical ventilation,use of oxygen therapy,and death.2,3 Severe RSV-LRTI in early childhood increases the risk of long-term respiratory disorders such as repeated wheezing or asthma.展开更多
China’s immunization programs conducted a unified,tightly coordinated COVID-19 vaccination campaign during the dynamic COVID Zero period that reached well over 90%of the population with vaccines having>90%effectiv...China’s immunization programs conducted a unified,tightly coordinated COVID-19 vaccination campaign during the dynamic COVID Zero period that reached well over 90%of the population with vaccines having>90%effectiveness against serious-to-fatal COVID-19.The campaign was eight times the size of the annual routine national immunization program,administering 3.4 billion doses of vaccines while monitoring vaccine coverage,acceptability,safety,and effectiveness.Every asset of the routine immunization program had to be strengthened and expanded to attain high coverage and reach hundreds of millions of adults who had not been vaccinated since childhood.Program strengthening and expansion were in directions aligned with the World Health Organization’s Immunization Agenda 2030,which has a vision that"everyone,everywhere,at every age fully benefits from vaccines for good health and well-being"and requires reaching all children,adolescents,and adults with lifesaving vaccines.Momentum from this campaign should not be lost but should be invested into achieving what is possible with a properly resourced national immunization program that is now proven to be capable of reaching everyone in the world’s largest country throughout the life course,and to do so with all vaccines recommended by the World Health Organization.展开更多
Background Immunization is a cornerstone of public health.Despite great success,China’s National Immunization Program(NIP)faces challenges,such as the integration of several World Health Organization-recommended vacc...Background Immunization is a cornerstone of public health.Despite great success,China’s National Immunization Program(NIP)faces challenges,such as the integration of several World Health Organization-recommended vaccines and other systemic issues.The Innovation Laboratory for Vaccine Delivery Research(VaxLab),supported by the Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation and established in 2021 at Duke Kunshan University,focuses on enhancing China’s NIP through research and policy advocacy.This editorial aims to summarize the key findings of the manuscripts published in the collection contributed by VaxLab team and set the future research agenda.Key findings The collection contains eleven manuscripts discussing China’s immunization landscape and strategies to improve coverage,particularly for non-NIP vaccines like human papillomavirus vaccine(HPV),pneumococcal conjugate vaccine(PCV),Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine(Hib),and rotavirus vaccines.Key findings include:(i)The COVID-19 vaccination campaign demonstrated China’s capacity for rapid,large-scale immunization efforts,suggesting potential for broader vaccine coverage improvements;(ii)Efforts in combating cervical cancer through the HPV vaccine indicate progress but also highlight challenges like vaccine supply and equitable access;(iii)The lag in adopting higher-valent paediatric combination vaccines in China needs attention to address regulatory and health system hurdles;(iv)Disparities in access to non-NIP vaccines underscore the need for government initiatives to improve vaccine coverage,especially for remote areas and marginalized populations;(v)Original studies emphasize the influence of caregivers’knowledge,health workers’financial incentives,and concerns about vaccine efficacy on immunization rates;(vi)Case studies from the Weifang City of China and Indonesia to introduce PCV offer insights on successful vaccine introduction strategies and the impact of innovative financing and government support.Conclusion The articles emphasize the need for government leadership,strategic policymaking,and public awareness to enhance vaccine coverage and equity.The VaxLab will continue strengthening China’s NIP by focusing on vaccine financing,emphasizing diversity,equity,and inclusion,and improving maternal vaccination coverage.Research will extend to Southeast Asian and Western Pacific regions,especially in middle-income countries facing challenges in vaccine financing and delivery.The collective efforts outlined in this collection show a commitment to evolving and adapting immunization strategies to meet global health goals and to provide equitable access to vaccines for all.展开更多
The World Health Organization(WHO)announced COVID-19 as a global pandemic in March of 2020[1].The COVID-19 pandemic may persist for a long period of time.Global prevention and control becomes a complex and challenging...The World Health Organization(WHO)announced COVID-19 as a global pandemic in March of 2020[1].The COVID-19 pandemic may persist for a long period of time.Global prevention and control becomes a complex and challenging task,and such efforts should be sustained.Although general measures,such as social distancing,face masks,respiratory hygiene and hand sanitization,will bear fruits for decreasing spread of other respiratory illnesses including influenza,the specific prevention through vaccination is a key focus especially in the upcoming winter and spring seasons[2].展开更多
Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)remains a global epidemic.As of August 18,2021,the number of reported cases has exceeded 207 million globally,with more than 4.3 million deaths.COVID-19 has brought devastating losses...Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)remains a global epidemic.As of August 18,2021,the number of reported cases has exceeded 207 million globally,with more than 4.3 million deaths.COVID-19 has brought devastating losses to human society.The overall crude mortality rate is 1-3%.Although pediatric deaths from COVID-19 are rare,they do occur,as over 9,000 children have died from COVID-19 globally to date[1].With the gradual and broad application of COVID-19 vaccines around the world,the rising proportion of cases among children and unvaccinated young adults demands attention.According to World Health Organization surveillance data.展开更多
Forty years ago,smallpox was declared eradicated by the World Health Organization(WHO).As D.A.Henderson,Director of the Smallpox Eradication Programme at the WHO quoted from the 33^(rd) World Health Assembly(1980)(1),...Forty years ago,smallpox was declared eradicated by the World Health Organization(WHO).As D.A.Henderson,Director of the Smallpox Eradication Programme at the WHO quoted from the 33^(rd) World Health Assembly(1980)(1),“...the world and all its peoples have won freedom from smallpox...a most devastating disease...since earliest time,leaving death,blindness,and disfigurement in its wake and which only a decade ago was rampant in Africa,Asia and South America.”展开更多
Almost four decades of science,innovation,and programmatic effort to control and prevent vaccinepreventable viral hepatitis have paid off spectacularly well in China.In the pre-vaccine era,nearly 10% of children were ...Almost four decades of science,innovation,and programmatic effort to control and prevent vaccinepreventable viral hepatitis have paid off spectacularly well in China.In the pre-vaccine era,nearly 10% of children were infected by hepatitis B virus(HBV)—especially during childbirth—causing them to be lifelong carriers of HBV,able to infect others,and in great danger of liver cancer and cirrhosis as adults(1).展开更多
文摘INTRODUCTION Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)is the leading cause of severe acute lower respiratory tract infection(LRTI)in infants and young children,resulting in an estimated 33 million infections annually,>3 million hospitalizations,and>100000 deaths in children under 5 years globally,with a mortality rate of up to 9%in low-resource countries,which have 99%of the global RSV mortality.1 RSV infection is associated with an increased risk of respiratory failure,admission to the ICU,mechanical ventilation,use of oxygen therapy,and death.2,3 Severe RSV-LRTI in early childhood increases the risk of long-term respiratory disorders such as repeated wheezing or asthma.
基金This work was supported,in whole or in part,by the Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation[Grant Number INV-034554].Under the grant conditions of the Foundation,a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Generic License has already been assigned to the Author Accepted Manuscript version that might arise from this submission.
文摘China’s immunization programs conducted a unified,tightly coordinated COVID-19 vaccination campaign during the dynamic COVID Zero period that reached well over 90%of the population with vaccines having>90%effectiveness against serious-to-fatal COVID-19.The campaign was eight times the size of the annual routine national immunization program,administering 3.4 billion doses of vaccines while monitoring vaccine coverage,acceptability,safety,and effectiveness.Every asset of the routine immunization program had to be strengthened and expanded to attain high coverage and reach hundreds of millions of adults who had not been vaccinated since childhood.Program strengthening and expansion were in directions aligned with the World Health Organization’s Immunization Agenda 2030,which has a vision that"everyone,everywhere,at every age fully benefits from vaccines for good health and well-being"and requires reaching all children,adolescents,and adults with lifesaving vaccines.Momentum from this campaign should not be lost but should be invested into achieving what is possible with a properly resourced national immunization program that is now proven to be capable of reaching everyone in the world’s largest country throughout the life course,and to do so with all vaccines recommended by the World Health Organization.
文摘Background Immunization is a cornerstone of public health.Despite great success,China’s National Immunization Program(NIP)faces challenges,such as the integration of several World Health Organization-recommended vaccines and other systemic issues.The Innovation Laboratory for Vaccine Delivery Research(VaxLab),supported by the Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation and established in 2021 at Duke Kunshan University,focuses on enhancing China’s NIP through research and policy advocacy.This editorial aims to summarize the key findings of the manuscripts published in the collection contributed by VaxLab team and set the future research agenda.Key findings The collection contains eleven manuscripts discussing China’s immunization landscape and strategies to improve coverage,particularly for non-NIP vaccines like human papillomavirus vaccine(HPV),pneumococcal conjugate vaccine(PCV),Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine(Hib),and rotavirus vaccines.Key findings include:(i)The COVID-19 vaccination campaign demonstrated China’s capacity for rapid,large-scale immunization efforts,suggesting potential for broader vaccine coverage improvements;(ii)Efforts in combating cervical cancer through the HPV vaccine indicate progress but also highlight challenges like vaccine supply and equitable access;(iii)The lag in adopting higher-valent paediatric combination vaccines in China needs attention to address regulatory and health system hurdles;(iv)Disparities in access to non-NIP vaccines underscore the need for government initiatives to improve vaccine coverage,especially for remote areas and marginalized populations;(v)Original studies emphasize the influence of caregivers’knowledge,health workers’financial incentives,and concerns about vaccine efficacy on immunization rates;(vi)Case studies from the Weifang City of China and Indonesia to introduce PCV offer insights on successful vaccine introduction strategies and the impact of innovative financing and government support.Conclusion The articles emphasize the need for government leadership,strategic policymaking,and public awareness to enhance vaccine coverage and equity.The VaxLab will continue strengthening China’s NIP by focusing on vaccine financing,emphasizing diversity,equity,and inclusion,and improving maternal vaccination coverage.Research will extend to Southeast Asian and Western Pacific regions,especially in middle-income countries facing challenges in vaccine financing and delivery.The collective efforts outlined in this collection show a commitment to evolving and adapting immunization strategies to meet global health goals and to provide equitable access to vaccines for all.
文摘The World Health Organization(WHO)announced COVID-19 as a global pandemic in March of 2020[1].The COVID-19 pandemic may persist for a long period of time.Global prevention and control becomes a complex and challenging task,and such efforts should be sustained.Although general measures,such as social distancing,face masks,respiratory hygiene and hand sanitization,will bear fruits for decreasing spread of other respiratory illnesses including influenza,the specific prevention through vaccination is a key focus especially in the upcoming winter and spring seasons[2].
文摘Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)remains a global epidemic.As of August 18,2021,the number of reported cases has exceeded 207 million globally,with more than 4.3 million deaths.COVID-19 has brought devastating losses to human society.The overall crude mortality rate is 1-3%.Although pediatric deaths from COVID-19 are rare,they do occur,as over 9,000 children have died from COVID-19 globally to date[1].With the gradual and broad application of COVID-19 vaccines around the world,the rising proportion of cases among children and unvaccinated young adults demands attention.According to World Health Organization surveillance data.
文摘Forty years ago,smallpox was declared eradicated by the World Health Organization(WHO).As D.A.Henderson,Director of the Smallpox Eradication Programme at the WHO quoted from the 33^(rd) World Health Assembly(1980)(1),“...the world and all its peoples have won freedom from smallpox...a most devastating disease...since earliest time,leaving death,blindness,and disfigurement in its wake and which only a decade ago was rampant in Africa,Asia and South America.”
文摘Almost four decades of science,innovation,and programmatic effort to control and prevent vaccinepreventable viral hepatitis have paid off spectacularly well in China.In the pre-vaccine era,nearly 10% of children were infected by hepatitis B virus(HBV)—especially during childbirth—causing them to be lifelong carriers of HBV,able to infect others,and in great danger of liver cancer and cirrhosis as adults(1).
