Traumatic brain injury can be categorized into primary and secondary injuries.Secondary injuries are the main cause of disability following traumatic brain injury,which involves a complex multicellular cascade.Microgl...Traumatic brain injury can be categorized into primary and secondary injuries.Secondary injuries are the main cause of disability following traumatic brain injury,which involves a complex multicellular cascade.Microglia play an important role in secondary injury and can be activated in response to traumatic brain injury.In this article,we review the origin and classification of microglia as well as the dynamic changes of microglia in traumatic brain injury.We also clarify the microglial polarization pathways and the therapeutic drugs targeting activated microglia.We found that regulating the signaling pathways involved in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory microglia,such as the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B,mitogen-activated protein kinase,Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription,phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B,Notch,and high mobility group box 1 pathways,can alleviate the inflammatory response triggered by microglia in traumatic brain injury,thereby exerting neuroprotective effects.We also reviewed the strategies developed on the basis of these pathways,such as drug and cell replacement therapies.Drugs that modulate inflammatory factors,such as rosuvastatin,have been shown to promote the polarization of antiinflammatory microglia and reduce the inflammatory response caused by traumatic brain injury.Mesenchymal stem cells possess anti-inflammatory properties,and clinical studies have confirmed their significant efficacy and safety in patients with traumatic brain injury.Additionally,advancements in mesenchymal stem cell-delivery methods—such as combinations of novel biomaterials,genetic engineering,and mesenchymal stem cell exosome therapy—have greatly enhanced the efficiency and therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells in animal models.However,numerous challenges in the application of drug and mesenchymal stem cell treatment strategies remain to be addressed.In the future,new technologies,such as single-cell RNA sequencing and transcriptome analysis,can facilitate further experimental studies.Moreover,research involving non-human primates can help translate these treatment strategies to clinical practice.展开更多
Epimedium is commonly used to treat bone injury and kidney disease,with prenylated flavonol glycosides(PFGs)as its active ingredients.It has attracted much attention due to prominent healthcare and therapeutic effects...Epimedium is commonly used to treat bone injury and kidney disease,with prenylated flavonol glycosides(PFGs)as its active ingredients.It has attracted much attention due to prominent healthcare and therapeutic effects,but faces problems of adulteration with closely related species and confusion about geographical origins.In this study,multiple technical approaches were employed to identify its genetic characteristics and metabolic differences.Based on DNA barcoding,20 batches of samples were analyzed.The genetic distances of matK,ITS and psbA-trnH within species were all smaller than those between species,and psbA-trnH along with ITS+psbA-trnH proved most effective in distinguishing botanical sources.With Inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR)technology,12 highly polymorphic and reproducible primers were selected from 21,and 189 alleles were detected.Epimedium sagittatum showed distinct genetic diversity.Samples with similar genetic distance and geographical location also tended to cluster together.Eight index components were analyzed,and their contents showed significant differences.The total content ranged from 0.50%to 7.09%,and icariin and epimedin C were identified as potential biomarkers.Integrative analysis revealed that the differences in index components were jointly driven by genetic diversity and ecological factors.Additionally,“mean temperature of driest quarter”,“precipitation seasonality”,and“temperature annual range”were identified as key environmental factors.This study provides a reliable experimental basis for the authenticity and quality evaluation of Epimedium.展开更多
The spreading effect of atmospheric pressure microplasma jets(APμPJ)on the surface of materials will increase the etching area,and controlling the diameter of the jet can improve the precision of surface treatment.In...The spreading effect of atmospheric pressure microplasma jets(APμPJ)on the surface of materials will increase the etching area,and controlling the diameter of the jet can improve the precision of surface treatment.In this work,a two-dimensional axisymmetric simulation model is established to analyze the effect of nitrogen(N_(2))shielding gas on helium(He)from gas dynamics.In addition,by etching the polyethylene terephthalate fllm,the relationship between the etching effect and aerodynamic analysis is verifled.The simulation results are similar to the experimental results,indicating that N2 shielding gas has a focusing effect which is related to the N_(2)flow rate,distance difference between the inner and outer tubes,and outer tube nozzle diameter.It is hoped that the results of this work can provide a certain reference for the use of shielding gas to control the jet flow of APμPJ.展开更多
A precise detection of the fault feature parameter of motor current is a new research hotspot in the broken rotor bar(BRB) fault diagnosis of induction motors. Discrete Fourier transform(DFT) is the most popular techn...A precise detection of the fault feature parameter of motor current is a new research hotspot in the broken rotor bar(BRB) fault diagnosis of induction motors. Discrete Fourier transform(DFT) is the most popular technique in this field, owing to low computation and easy realization. However, its accuracy is often limited by the data window length, spectral leakage, fence e ect, etc. Therefore, a new detection method based on a global optimization algorithm is proposed. First, a BRB fault current model and a residual error function are designed to transform the fault parameter detection problem into a nonlinear least-square problem. Because this optimization problem has a great number of local optima and needs to be resolved rapidly and accurately, a joint algorithm(called TR-MBPSO) based on a modified bare-bones particle swarm optimization(BPSO) and trust region(TR) is subsequently proposed. In the TR-MBPSO, a reinitialization strategy of inactive particle is introduced to the BPSO to enhance the swarm diversity and global search ability. Meanwhile, the TR is combined with the modified BPSO to improve convergence speed and accuracy. It also includes a global convergence analysis, whose result proves that the TR-MBPSO can converge to the global optimum with the probability of 1. Both simulations and experiments are conducted, and the results indicate that the proposed detection method not only has high accuracy of parameter estimation with short-time data window, e.g., the magnitude and frequency precision of the fault-related components reaches 10^(-4), but also overcomes the impacts of spectral leakage and non-integer-period sampling. The proposed research provides a new BRB detection method, which has enough precision to extract the parameters of the fault feature components.展开更多
Objective This study investigated the association between household chemical use and respiratory disease(RD)in older Chinese adults.Methods The data were from the 2018 China Longitudinal Health and Longevity Survey(CL...Objective This study investigated the association between household chemical use and respiratory disease(RD)in older Chinese adults.Methods The data were from the 2018 China Longitudinal Health and Longevity Survey(CLHLS)database,which included 12,866 participants aged≥65 years.The prevalence of RD was based on self-reported medical history,and patients were divided into diseased and non-diseased groups.The frequency of household chemical usage was divided into four categories,and a total score for eight household chemical usage categories was constructed.Binary logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between the frequency of household chemical use and RD,and a restricted cubic spline was used to determine the dose-response association.Result After adjusting for all covariates,regular use of repellents[odds ratios(OR)=1.28,95%CI 1.06-1.55]and oil removers(OR=1.28,95%CI 1.03-1.58)were associated with RD.There was a dose-response association between the total score of household chemicals usage and RD risk(P non-linearity>0.05,P for trend<0.01).Using patients with the total score below 9 as a reference,the OR for patients with the total score ranging from 25 to 32 is 2.33(95%CI 1.25-4.09).Conclusion Regular use of repellents and oil removers increased the risk of RD,and the dose-dependent relationship was also observed.展开更多
Exosomes offer ideal biomarkers for liquid biopsies.However,high-efficient capture of exosomes has been proven to be extreme challenging.Here,we report a soluble pH-responsive host-vip-based nanosystem(pH-HGN)for ho...Exosomes offer ideal biomarkers for liquid biopsies.However,high-efficient capture of exosomes has been proven to be extreme challenging.Here,we report a soluble pH-responsive host-vip-based nanosystem(pH-HGN)for homogeneous isolation of exosomes around physiological pH.The pH-HGN consists of two specifically functionalized modules.First,a pH-responsive module,poly-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate,provides homogeneous capture circumstances and sharp pH-triggered self-assembly separation in aqueous solution to improve capture efficiency and reduce nonspecific adsorption.Second,a host-vip module,poly-acrylamide azobenzene andβ-cyclodextrin linked with exosomes-specific antibody,could act as the"cleavable bridge"to specific capture and subsequent rapid release of captured exosomes through host-vip interaction betweenβ-cyclodextrin and AAAB moieties.The pH-HGN offered high capture efficiencies for exosomes from two different cell lines,which were 90.2%±0.28%and 87.0%±4.6%for H1299 and MCF-7 cell-derived exosomes,respectively.The purity of isolated exosomes was(1.49±0.71)×10^(11)particles/μg,which was 4.1 times higher compared with the gold standard ultracentrifugation(UC)method.Furthermore,the isolated exosomes via the pH-HGN can preserve well integrity and biological activity.The developed pH-HGN was further successfully applied to differentiate lung cancer patients from healthy persons.These findings indicated that pH-HGN is a promising strategy in exosomes-based research and downstream applications.展开更多
Salamanders have evolved functions of attaching to a variety of surfaces under wet conditions,but racial diversity may cause a difference in attachment behaviors and epidermal characteristics.The sticking and climbing...Salamanders have evolved functions of attaching to a variety of surfaces under wet conditions,but racial diversity may cause a difference in attachment behaviors and epidermal characteristics.The sticking and climbing abilities of the Chinese Fire Belly Newt(CFBN),Chinese Warts Triton(CWT),Spotless Stout Newt(SSN),and Chinese Giant Salamander(CGS)on various surfaces were investigated and compared in terms of epidermal morphology,body size,and wettability.The results indicate that the spotless stout newt has an excellent ability for wet attachment,compared to other salamanders under a certain contact case,resulting from its lower mass/body surface area and more visible epidermal structures.Supplementation with moderate water is beneficial for salamander attachment,and the surface roughness in the flood case also promotes the wet attachment.The CFBN has the most hydrophilic epidermis among the samples,where the water droplet quickly spreads over,presenting a completely wetting case.This study offers a comprehensive understanding of the wet attachments and the epidermal characteristics of salamanders,which is meaningful for the application of bioinspired adhesives.展开更多
Editor’s words The author puts forward some problems involving in CIETAC Arbitration Rules 2000 such as the third nation- ality of the presiding arbitrator, the full autonomy of the parties to choose Arbitration Rule...Editor’s words The author puts forward some problems involving in CIETAC Arbitration Rules 2000 such as the third nation- ality of the presiding arbitrator, the full autonomy of the parties to choose Arbitration Rules and the improvement of applying for interim measures and so on, which are welcomed by CIETAC, though some of which CIETAC does do that in practice, for instance, appointing the third nationalities as presiding arbitrator, and some of which the improvement shall be followed by the law, for instance, the problem of interim measures. We hope there are more articles contributed to arbitration in China directly deal with the theory and practice of arbitration in China as well as all over the world.展开更多
We experimentally demonstrate ultrafast laser-writing wide-gamut structural colors on TiAlN thin film that is coated on TiN substrate via laser-induced surface oxidation.The experiments involve thorough control over l...We experimentally demonstrate ultrafast laser-writing wide-gamut structural colors on TiAlN thin film that is coated on TiN substrate via laser-induced surface oxidation.The experiments involve thorough control over laser parameters,including powers,scanning speeds and pulse durations,to investigate the interplay between these variables and the resulting structural colors.Surface characterization techniques,such as scanning electron microscopy,energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy,are employed to analyze the properties of laser-induced oxide layers and their chromatic responses.Our findings indicate that while laser powers and scanning speeds are critical in determining the irradiated dose and the subsequent coloring effects,the pulse duration exerts a distinct influence,particularly at low laser powers as well as slow scanning speeds.Longer pulse durations are found to produce a more significant coloring change despite exhibiting lower oxygen content.This is attributed to the increased surface roughness and deeper oxidation layer achieved with prolonged pulses.We propose two oxidation mechanisms–photo-oxidation and thermal-oxidation–to elucidate the influence of pulse duration on laser coloring effects.These findings not only refine existing paradigms in laser-induced surface coloration but also stimulate further exploration of structural colors’multifaceted applications across diverse technological contexts.展开更多
Femtosecond laser ablation-driven periodic surface structuring offers a promising method for large-scale and high-throughput nanolithography technique.However,the self-organized periodic structures typically manifest ...Femtosecond laser ablation-driven periodic surface structuring offers a promising method for large-scale and high-throughput nanolithography technique.However,the self-organized periodic structures typically manifest constraints in terms of tunable period and depth,as well as suboptimal regularity,which restricts their broader application potential.Here,in terms of a rarely explored laser-induced photochemical mechanism for nonablative structuring,we demonstrate manufacturing of sub-wavelength oxidative grating structures on silicon films with active structural modulation.In this scenario,the plasmonic field plays a pivotal role in dragging oxygen ions from surface into the silicon,greatly speeding up oxidation rates.While high oxygen doping levels can already be achieved with single-pulse exposure,far superior results are obtained with the application of 40-MHz burst mode pulse trains,mitigating the formation of excessively large nanocrystallites.Furthermore,it is revealed that the periodicity and modulation depth of laser-writing nanograting are both dependent on the number of pulse per burst.This offers a convenient scheme for actively controlling laser plasmonic lithography.展开更多
The dearomatization of indole derivatives bearing amide functionalities presents a significant challenge due to the inherent stability of the amide carbonyl group,resulting from nitrogen lone-pair delocalization that ...The dearomatization of indole derivatives bearing amide functionalities presents a significant challenge due to the inherent stability of the amide carbonyl group,resulting from nitrogen lone-pair delocalization that imparts increased resonance stabilization.In this study,we report a visible-light photocatalytic intramolecular dearomatization of indole derivatives with amide groups,achieving the synthesis of spiroindolines via energy transfer.This method enables the efficient formation of a range of hydroxyl-substituted spiroindolines in moderate to high yields,with excellent diastereoselectivity(>20:1)under mild reaction conditions.Control experiments confirmed the involvement of an energy transfer pathway in the reaction mechanism.Density Functional Theory(DFT)calculations further revealed r-stacking interactions between the indole core and pyridine ring,along with the strengthening of hydrogen bonding between the pyridine nitrogen and hexafluoroisopropanol(HFiP)in the excited state.These interactions facilitated the energy transfer-mediated triplet excited state intermolecular proton transfer(T-ESPT),crucial for activating the otherwise amide functionality.This protocol represents a rare example of harnessing the reactivity of amide groups for dearomative transformations.展开更多
It is always a great challenge to bridge the nano-and macro-worlds in nanoscience,for instance,manufacturing uniform nanogratings on a whole wafer in seconds instead of hours even days.Here,we demonstrate a single-ste...It is always a great challenge to bridge the nano-and macro-worlds in nanoscience,for instance,manufacturing uniform nanogratings on a whole wafer in seconds instead of hours even days.Here,we demonstrate a single-step while extremely high-throughput femtosecond laser scanning technique to obtain wafer-scale,highly regular nanogratings on semiconductor-on-metal thin films.Our technique takes advantage of long-range surface plasmons-laser interference,which is regulated by a self-initiated seed.By controlling the scanning speed,two types of nanogratings are readily manufactured,which are produced by either oxidation or ablation.We achieve a record manufacturing speed(>1 cm^(2)s^(-1)),with tunable periodicity of∧<1μm.The fractional variation of their periodicity is evaluated to be as low as△∧/∧≈0.5%.Furthermore,by utilizing the semiconductor-on-metal film-endowed interference effects,an extremely high energy efficiency is achieved via suppressing light reflection during femtosecond laser nano-processing.As the fabricated nanogratings exhibit multi-functionality,we exemplify their practical applications in highly sensitive refractive index sensing,vivid structural colors,and durable superhydrophilicity.展开更多
Anapole states, accompanied by strong suppression of light scattering, have attracted extensive attention in recent years due to their supreme performance in enhancing both linear and nonlinear optical effects. Althou...Anapole states, accompanied by strong suppression of light scattering, have attracted extensive attention in recent years due to their supreme performance in enhancing both linear and nonlinear optical effects. Although both low-and high-order anapole states are observed in the dielectric particles with high refractive index, so far few studies have touched on the topic of plasmonic anapole states. Here we demonstrate theoretically and numerically that the ideal plasmonic anapole states(strong suppression of electric dipole scattering) can be achieved in metallic metamolecules via increasing the coupling strength between Cartesian electric dipole and toroidal dipole moments of the system. The increasing coupling is based on compensation of ohmic losses in a plasmon system by introducing of a gain material, the influence of which is well described by the extended coupled oscillator model. Due to suppression of dipole radiation losses, the excitation of anapole states in plasmonic systems can result in enhancement of the near fields in subwavelength spatial regions outside of nanoparticles. That is especially important for developments of nonlinear nanophotonic and plasmonic devices and active functional metamaterials, which provide facilities for strong light energy concentration at the nanoscale. Development of the considered anapole effect with increase of metamolecule components is discussed.展开更多
Optical vortices,which carry orbital angular momentum,offer special capabilities in a host of applications.A single-laser source with dual-beam-mode output may open up new research fields of nonlinear optics and quant...Optical vortices,which carry orbital angular momentum,offer special capabilities in a host of applications.A single-laser source with dual-beam-mode output may open up new research fields of nonlinear optics and quantum optics.We demonstrate a dual-channel scheme to generate femtosecond,dualwavelength,and dual-beam-mode tunable signals in the near infrared wavelength range.Dual-wavelength operation is derived by stimulating two adjacent periods of a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal.Pumped by an Yb-doped fiber laser with a Gaussian(lp?0)beam,two tunable signal emissions with different beam modes are observed simultaneously.Although one of the emissions can be tuned from1520 to 1613 nm with the Gaussian(ls?0)beam,the other is capable of producing a vortex spatial profile with different vortex orders(ls?0 to 2)tunable from 1490 to 1549 nm.The proposed system provides unprecedented freedom and will be an exciting platform for super-resolution imaging,nonlinear optics,multidimensional quantum entanglement,etc.展开更多
Exploiting Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography,a high-speed and real-time inspection of multi-photon 3D laser printing has been reported.We expect that this technique can be further extended to single shot com...Exploiting Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography,a high-speed and real-time inspection of multi-photon 3D laser printing has been reported.We expect that this technique can be further extended to single shot compressive 3D imaging for studying the ultrafast dynamics of laser-matter interaction.展开更多
Robust superhydrophobic surfaces with excellent capacities of repelling water and anti-frosting are of importance for many mechanical components.In this work,wear-resistant superhydrophobic surfaces were fabricated by...Robust superhydrophobic surfaces with excellent capacities of repelling water and anti-frosting are of importance for many mechanical components.In this work,wear-resistant superhydrophobic surfaces were fabricated by curing a mixture of polyurethane acrylate(PUA)coating and 1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane(HFTCS)on titanium alloy(TC4)surfaces decorated with micropillars pattern,thus,composite functional surfaces with PUA coating in the valleys around the micropillars pattern of TC4 were achieved.Apparent contact angle on fabricated surfaces could reach 167°.Influences of the geometric parameters of micropillars pattern on the apparent contact angle were investigated,and the corresponding wear-resistant property was compared.Droplet impact and anti-frosting performances on the prepared surfaces were highlighted.An optimized design of surface texture with robust superhydrophobicity,controllable droplet impact,and anti-frosting performances was proposed.This design principle is of promising prospects for fabricating superhydrophobic surfaces in traditional mechanical systems.展开更多
The application of femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface texturing has significant potential in medicine,optics,tribology,and biology,among other areas.However,when irradiated by a large intense laser spot,the pe...The application of femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface texturing has significant potential in medicine,optics,tribology,and biology,among other areas.However,when irradiated by a large intense laser spot,the periodic structures usually exhibit an uncontrollable regularity,forming bifurcated patterns,thus limiting their widespread application.Irregularity originates from numerous independent branching seeds.The usual solution to this problem is to utilize the quasi-direct laser writing technique,that is,by limiting the laser beam size(diameter of<10 wavelengths)and scanning the beam or samples using 2D translation stages.Herein,we demonstrate an optical localization-induced nonlinear competition mechanism to solve this problem,which occurs at a fluence nearly one order of magnitude below the ablation threshold.Owing to the low intrinsic absorption of silicon and ultralow applied fluence,this mechanism ensures the self-selection of a single seed to initiate an array of bifurcated-free gratings under stationary irradiation with a large laser spot(diameter>100 wavelengths).Surprisingly,some unconventional complex patterns,such as radial,annular,and spiral gratings,can also be easily produced by structured light fields with unprecedented regularity.Their diameters reach up to>500μm.Moreover,we can artificially control the initial seeding structure to further improve the regularity of the gratings,defined by dispersion in the ripple orientation angle in their 2D Fourier transform.As a result,the regularity in our experiments produced by a large laser spot is even higher than that scanned by a tiny beam.Controllable and highly regular ripples are beneficial to the structural coloring effects because they arise from the light diffraction by subwavelength gratings.展开更多
Surface texturing is a smart strategy that is commonly used in nature or industry to improve the tribological properties of sliding surfaces.Herein,we focus on the recent research progress pertaining to the wet fricti...Surface texturing is a smart strategy that is commonly used in nature or industry to improve the tribological properties of sliding surfaces.Herein,we focus on the recent research progress pertaining to the wet friction modification of soft elastomers via texturing.To consider the pertinent physical mechanisms,we present and discuss the fundamentals of wet sliding on soft surfaces(including dewetting and wetting transitions in compliant contacts).Subsequently,we consider the methods in which the characteristic textures regulate and control wet sliding behaviors on soft surfaces;these textures range from conventional patterns of dimples to bioinspired architectures and can either positively or adversely impact the interfacial friction force.Furthermore,we briefly address the perspectives,potential applications,and challenges of texture design for modifying the friction characteristics of soft materials.展开更多
We report self-organized periodic nanostructures on amorphous silicon thin flms by femtosecond laser-induced oxidation.The dependence of structural periodicity on the thickness of silicon flms and the substrate materi...We report self-organized periodic nanostructures on amorphous silicon thin flms by femtosecond laser-induced oxidation.The dependence of structural periodicity on the thickness of silicon flms and the substrate materials is investigated.The results reveal that when silicon flm is 200 nm,the period of self-organized nanostructures is close to the laser wavelength and is insensitive to the substrates.In contrast,when the silicon flm is 50 nm,the period of nanostructures is much shorter than the laser wavelength,and is dependent on the substrates.Furthermore,we demonstrate that,for the thick silicon flms,quasi-cylindrical waves dominate the formation of periodic nanostructures,while for the thin silicon flms,the formation originates from slab waveguide modes.Finite-diference time-domain method-based numerical simulations support the experimental discoveries.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province,No.202401AS070086(to ZW)the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2018YFA0801403(to ZW)+1 种基金Yunnan Science and Technology Talent and Platform Plan,No.202105AC160041(to ZW)the Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31960120(to ZW)。
文摘Traumatic brain injury can be categorized into primary and secondary injuries.Secondary injuries are the main cause of disability following traumatic brain injury,which involves a complex multicellular cascade.Microglia play an important role in secondary injury and can be activated in response to traumatic brain injury.In this article,we review the origin and classification of microglia as well as the dynamic changes of microglia in traumatic brain injury.We also clarify the microglial polarization pathways and the therapeutic drugs targeting activated microglia.We found that regulating the signaling pathways involved in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory microglia,such as the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B,mitogen-activated protein kinase,Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription,phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B,Notch,and high mobility group box 1 pathways,can alleviate the inflammatory response triggered by microglia in traumatic brain injury,thereby exerting neuroprotective effects.We also reviewed the strategies developed on the basis of these pathways,such as drug and cell replacement therapies.Drugs that modulate inflammatory factors,such as rosuvastatin,have been shown to promote the polarization of antiinflammatory microglia and reduce the inflammatory response caused by traumatic brain injury.Mesenchymal stem cells possess anti-inflammatory properties,and clinical studies have confirmed their significant efficacy and safety in patients with traumatic brain injury.Additionally,advancements in mesenchymal stem cell-delivery methods—such as combinations of novel biomaterials,genetic engineering,and mesenchymal stem cell exosome therapy—have greatly enhanced the efficiency and therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells in animal models.However,numerous challenges in the application of drug and mesenchymal stem cell treatment strategies remain to be addressed.In the future,new technologies,such as single-cell RNA sequencing and transcriptome analysis,can facilitate further experimental studies.Moreover,research involving non-human primates can help translate these treatment strategies to clinical practice.
基金supported by Beijing Nova Program(20240484546)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(No.ZZ13-YQ-049,ZXKT22001)Shaanxi Province Key R&D Program Projects(2024SF-ZDCYL-03-10).
文摘Epimedium is commonly used to treat bone injury and kidney disease,with prenylated flavonol glycosides(PFGs)as its active ingredients.It has attracted much attention due to prominent healthcare and therapeutic effects,but faces problems of adulteration with closely related species and confusion about geographical origins.In this study,multiple technical approaches were employed to identify its genetic characteristics and metabolic differences.Based on DNA barcoding,20 batches of samples were analyzed.The genetic distances of matK,ITS and psbA-trnH within species were all smaller than those between species,and psbA-trnH along with ITS+psbA-trnH proved most effective in distinguishing botanical sources.With Inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR)technology,12 highly polymorphic and reproducible primers were selected from 21,and 189 alleles were detected.Epimedium sagittatum showed distinct genetic diversity.Samples with similar genetic distance and geographical location also tended to cluster together.Eight index components were analyzed,and their contents showed significant differences.The total content ranged from 0.50%to 7.09%,and icariin and epimedin C were identified as potential biomarkers.Integrative analysis revealed that the differences in index components were jointly driven by genetic diversity and ecological factors.Additionally,“mean temperature of driest quarter”,“precipitation seasonality”,and“temperature annual range”were identified as key environmental factors.This study provides a reliable experimental basis for the authenticity and quality evaluation of Epimedium.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51905002)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.2008085QE230,2108085ME174)+2 种基金Open Project of Key Laboratory of Green Fabrication and Surface Technology of Advanced Metal Materials(No.GFST2021KF06)Open Project of Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Special and Heavy Load Robot(No.TZJQRO03-2021)Open Project of Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Demolition Equipment(No.APELIDE2021B001)。
文摘The spreading effect of atmospheric pressure microplasma jets(APμPJ)on the surface of materials will increase the etching area,and controlling the diameter of the jet can improve the precision of surface treatment.In this work,a two-dimensional axisymmetric simulation model is established to analyze the effect of nitrogen(N_(2))shielding gas on helium(He)from gas dynamics.In addition,by etching the polyethylene terephthalate fllm,the relationship between the etching effect and aerodynamic analysis is verifled.The simulation results are similar to the experimental results,indicating that N2 shielding gas has a focusing effect which is related to the N_(2)flow rate,distance difference between the inner and outer tubes,and outer tube nozzle diameter.It is hoped that the results of this work can provide a certain reference for the use of shielding gas to control the jet flow of APμPJ.
基金Supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2017XKQY032)
文摘A precise detection of the fault feature parameter of motor current is a new research hotspot in the broken rotor bar(BRB) fault diagnosis of induction motors. Discrete Fourier transform(DFT) is the most popular technique in this field, owing to low computation and easy realization. However, its accuracy is often limited by the data window length, spectral leakage, fence e ect, etc. Therefore, a new detection method based on a global optimization algorithm is proposed. First, a BRB fault current model and a residual error function are designed to transform the fault parameter detection problem into a nonlinear least-square problem. Because this optimization problem has a great number of local optima and needs to be resolved rapidly and accurately, a joint algorithm(called TR-MBPSO) based on a modified bare-bones particle swarm optimization(BPSO) and trust region(TR) is subsequently proposed. In the TR-MBPSO, a reinitialization strategy of inactive particle is introduced to the BPSO to enhance the swarm diversity and global search ability. Meanwhile, the TR is combined with the modified BPSO to improve convergence speed and accuracy. It also includes a global convergence analysis, whose result proves that the TR-MBPSO can converge to the global optimum with the probability of 1. Both simulations and experiments are conducted, and the results indicate that the proposed detection method not only has high accuracy of parameter estimation with short-time data window, e.g., the magnitude and frequency precision of the fault-related components reaches 10^(-4), but also overcomes the impacts of spectral leakage and non-integer-period sampling. The proposed research provides a new BRB detection method, which has enough precision to extract the parameters of the fault feature components.
文摘Objective This study investigated the association between household chemical use and respiratory disease(RD)in older Chinese adults.Methods The data were from the 2018 China Longitudinal Health and Longevity Survey(CLHLS)database,which included 12,866 participants aged≥65 years.The prevalence of RD was based on self-reported medical history,and patients were divided into diseased and non-diseased groups.The frequency of household chemical usage was divided into four categories,and a total score for eight household chemical usage categories was constructed.Binary logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between the frequency of household chemical use and RD,and a restricted cubic spline was used to determine the dose-response association.Result After adjusting for all covariates,regular use of repellents[odds ratios(OR)=1.28,95%CI 1.06-1.55]and oil removers(OR=1.28,95%CI 1.03-1.58)were associated with RD.There was a dose-response association between the total score of household chemicals usage and RD risk(P non-linearity>0.05,P for trend<0.01).Using patients with the total score below 9 as a reference,the OR for patients with the total score ranging from 25 to 32 is 2.33(95%CI 1.25-4.09).Conclusion Regular use of repellents and oil removers increased the risk of RD,and the dose-dependent relationship was also observed.
基金This work is financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21974017,22274035)Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(No.XLYC2007122)+4 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.B2019201327)Hundred Outstanding Innovative Talents in Universities of Hebei Province(No.SLRC2019016)Young Talent of Hebei Province,Natural Science Interdisciplinary Research Program of Hebei University(No.DXK201912,DXK202014)Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2020-MS-261)Program in Liaoning Province Education Department(No.LZ2019063)。
文摘Exosomes offer ideal biomarkers for liquid biopsies.However,high-efficient capture of exosomes has been proven to be extreme challenging.Here,we report a soluble pH-responsive host-vip-based nanosystem(pH-HGN)for homogeneous isolation of exosomes around physiological pH.The pH-HGN consists of two specifically functionalized modules.First,a pH-responsive module,poly-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate,provides homogeneous capture circumstances and sharp pH-triggered self-assembly separation in aqueous solution to improve capture efficiency and reduce nonspecific adsorption.Second,a host-vip module,poly-acrylamide azobenzene andβ-cyclodextrin linked with exosomes-specific antibody,could act as the"cleavable bridge"to specific capture and subsequent rapid release of captured exosomes through host-vip interaction betweenβ-cyclodextrin and AAAB moieties.The pH-HGN offered high capture efficiencies for exosomes from two different cell lines,which were 90.2%±0.28%and 87.0%±4.6%for H1299 and MCF-7 cell-derived exosomes,respectively.The purity of isolated exosomes was(1.49±0.71)×10^(11)particles/μg,which was 4.1 times higher compared with the gold standard ultracentrifugation(UC)method.Furthermore,the isolated exosomes via the pH-HGN can preserve well integrity and biological activity.The developed pH-HGN was further successfully applied to differentiate lung cancer patients from healthy persons.These findings indicated that pH-HGN is a promising strategy in exosomes-based research and downstream applications.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,51675268,Xiaolei WangNatural Science Research Fund of Higher Education of Anhui Province,KJ2020A0230,Meng Li+3 种基金open project of key laboratory of green fabrication and surface technology of advanced metal materials,GFST2021KF05,Meng Liopen project of Anhui Province Key Laboratory of special and heavy load robot,TZJQR004-2021,Meng LiNatural Science Foundation of Anhui Province of China,2108085QE228,Meng LiNatural Science Foundation of Anhui Province of China,2108085ME174,Liping Shi。
文摘Salamanders have evolved functions of attaching to a variety of surfaces under wet conditions,but racial diversity may cause a difference in attachment behaviors and epidermal characteristics.The sticking and climbing abilities of the Chinese Fire Belly Newt(CFBN),Chinese Warts Triton(CWT),Spotless Stout Newt(SSN),and Chinese Giant Salamander(CGS)on various surfaces were investigated and compared in terms of epidermal morphology,body size,and wettability.The results indicate that the spotless stout newt has an excellent ability for wet attachment,compared to other salamanders under a certain contact case,resulting from its lower mass/body surface area and more visible epidermal structures.Supplementation with moderate water is beneficial for salamander attachment,and the surface roughness in the flood case also promotes the wet attachment.The CFBN has the most hydrophilic epidermis among the samples,where the water droplet quickly spreads over,presenting a completely wetting case.This study offers a comprehensive understanding of the wet attachments and the epidermal characteristics of salamanders,which is meaningful for the application of bioinspired adhesives.
文摘Editor’s words The author puts forward some problems involving in CIETAC Arbitration Rules 2000 such as the third nation- ality of the presiding arbitrator, the full autonomy of the parties to choose Arbitration Rules and the improvement of applying for interim measures and so on, which are welcomed by CIETAC, though some of which CIETAC does do that in practice, for instance, appointing the third nationalities as presiding arbitrator, and some of which the improvement shall be followed by the law, for instance, the problem of interim measures. We hope there are more articles contributed to arbitration in China directly deal with the theory and practice of arbitration in China as well as all over the world.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12474317 and 62105269)。
文摘We experimentally demonstrate ultrafast laser-writing wide-gamut structural colors on TiAlN thin film that is coated on TiN substrate via laser-induced surface oxidation.The experiments involve thorough control over laser parameters,including powers,scanning speeds and pulse durations,to investigate the interplay between these variables and the resulting structural colors.Surface characterization techniques,such as scanning electron microscopy,energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy,are employed to analyze the properties of laser-induced oxide layers and their chromatic responses.Our findings indicate that while laser powers and scanning speeds are critical in determining the irradiated dose and the subsequent coloring effects,the pulse duration exerts a distinct influence,particularly at low laser powers as well as slow scanning speeds.Longer pulse durations are found to produce a more significant coloring change despite exhibiting lower oxygen content.This is attributed to the increased surface roughness and deeper oxidation layer achieved with prolonged pulses.We propose two oxidation mechanisms–photo-oxidation and thermal-oxidation–to elucidate the influence of pulse duration on laser coloring effects.These findings not only refine existing paradigms in laser-induced surface coloration but also stimulate further exploration of structural colors’multifaceted applications across diverse technological contexts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12474317 and 62105269).
文摘Femtosecond laser ablation-driven periodic surface structuring offers a promising method for large-scale and high-throughput nanolithography technique.However,the self-organized periodic structures typically manifest constraints in terms of tunable period and depth,as well as suboptimal regularity,which restricts their broader application potential.Here,in terms of a rarely explored laser-induced photochemical mechanism for nonablative structuring,we demonstrate manufacturing of sub-wavelength oxidative grating structures on silicon films with active structural modulation.In this scenario,the plasmonic field plays a pivotal role in dragging oxygen ions from surface into the silicon,greatly speeding up oxidation rates.While high oxygen doping levels can already be achieved with single-pulse exposure,far superior results are obtained with the application of 40-MHz burst mode pulse trains,mitigating the formation of excessively large nanocrystallites.Furthermore,it is revealed that the periodicity and modulation depth of laser-writing nanograting are both dependent on the number of pulse per burst.This offers a convenient scheme for actively controlling laser plasmonic lithography.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22001220)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2023NSFSC1086)+1 种基金the Collaborative Fund of Luzhou Government and Southwest Medical University(2024LZXNYDJ016)Ningbo Key Scientific and Technological Project(2023ZI58)。
文摘The dearomatization of indole derivatives bearing amide functionalities presents a significant challenge due to the inherent stability of the amide carbonyl group,resulting from nitrogen lone-pair delocalization that imparts increased resonance stabilization.In this study,we report a visible-light photocatalytic intramolecular dearomatization of indole derivatives with amide groups,achieving the synthesis of spiroindolines via energy transfer.This method enables the efficient formation of a range of hydroxyl-substituted spiroindolines in moderate to high yields,with excellent diastereoselectivity(>20:1)under mild reaction conditions.Control experiments confirmed the involvement of an energy transfer pathway in the reaction mechanism.Density Functional Theory(DFT)calculations further revealed r-stacking interactions between the indole core and pyridine ring,along with the strengthening of hydrogen bonding between the pyridine nitrogen and hexafluoroisopropanol(HFiP)in the excited state.These interactions facilitated the energy transfer-mediated triplet excited state intermolecular proton transfer(T-ESPT),crucial for activating the otherwise amide functionality.This protocol represents a rare example of harnessing the reactivity of amide groups for dearomative transformations.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YF A0205700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61927820,No.12004314,No 62105269)+3 种基金supported by Zhejiang Province Selected Funding for Postdoctoral Research Projects(ZJ2021044)China Potdoctoral Scence Foundation(2021M702916)supported by the open projet program of Wuhan National Laboratory for optoelectronics No.2020WNLOKF004Zhejiang Provinial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.Q21A040010.
文摘It is always a great challenge to bridge the nano-and macro-worlds in nanoscience,for instance,manufacturing uniform nanogratings on a whole wafer in seconds instead of hours even days.Here,we demonstrate a single-step while extremely high-throughput femtosecond laser scanning technique to obtain wafer-scale,highly regular nanogratings on semiconductor-on-metal thin films.Our technique takes advantage of long-range surface plasmons-laser interference,which is regulated by a self-initiated seed.By controlling the scanning speed,two types of nanogratings are readily manufactured,which are produced by either oxidation or ablation.We achieve a record manufacturing speed(>1 cm^(2)s^(-1)),with tunable periodicity of∧<1μm.The fractional variation of their periodicity is evaluated to be as low as△∧/∧≈0.5%.Furthermore,by utilizing the semiconductor-on-metal film-endowed interference effects,an extremely high energy efficiency is achieved via suppressing light reflection during femtosecond laser nano-processing.As the fabricated nanogratings exhibit multi-functionality,we exemplify their practical applications in highly sensitive refractive index sensing,vivid structural colors,and durable superhydrophilicity.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LQ21A040012)National Natural Science Foundation of China(11804323,12004362)Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)under Germany’s Excellence Strategy within the Cluster of Excellence Phoenix D(390833453)。
文摘Anapole states, accompanied by strong suppression of light scattering, have attracted extensive attention in recent years due to their supreme performance in enhancing both linear and nonlinear optical effects. Although both low-and high-order anapole states are observed in the dielectric particles with high refractive index, so far few studies have touched on the topic of plasmonic anapole states. Here we demonstrate theoretically and numerically that the ideal plasmonic anapole states(strong suppression of electric dipole scattering) can be achieved in metallic metamolecules via increasing the coupling strength between Cartesian electric dipole and toroidal dipole moments of the system. The increasing coupling is based on compensation of ohmic losses in a plasmon system by introducing of a gain material, the influence of which is well described by the extended coupled oscillator model. Due to suppression of dipole radiation losses, the excitation of anapole states in plasmonic systems can result in enhancement of the near fields in subwavelength spatial regions outside of nanoparticles. That is especially important for developments of nonlinear nanophotonic and plasmonic devices and active functional metamaterials, which provide facilities for strong light energy concentration at the nanoscale. Development of the considered anapole effect with increase of metamolecule components is discussed.
基金support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.61535009 and 6182781)the Tianjin Research Program of Application Foundation and Advanced Technology(No.17JCJQJC43500)
文摘Optical vortices,which carry orbital angular momentum,offer special capabilities in a host of applications.A single-laser source with dual-beam-mode output may open up new research fields of nonlinear optics and quantum optics.We demonstrate a dual-channel scheme to generate femtosecond,dualwavelength,and dual-beam-mode tunable signals in the near infrared wavelength range.Dual-wavelength operation is derived by stimulating two adjacent periods of a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal.Pumped by an Yb-doped fiber laser with a Gaussian(lp?0)beam,two tunable signal emissions with different beam modes are observed simultaneously.Although one of the emissions can be tuned from1520 to 1613 nm with the Gaussian(ls?0)beam,the other is capable of producing a vortex spatial profile with different vortex orders(ls?0 to 2)tunable from 1490 to 1549 nm.The proposed system provides unprecedented freedom and will be an exciting platform for super-resolution imaging,nonlinear optics,multidimensional quantum entanglement,etc.
文摘Exploiting Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography,a high-speed and real-time inspection of multi-photon 3D laser printing has been reported.We expect that this technique can be further extended to single shot compressive 3D imaging for studying the ultrafast dynamics of laser-matter interaction.
基金support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51805252)the Tribology Science Fund of State Key Laboratory of Tribology(No.SKLTKF21B02)the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.
文摘Robust superhydrophobic surfaces with excellent capacities of repelling water and anti-frosting are of importance for many mechanical components.In this work,wear-resistant superhydrophobic surfaces were fabricated by curing a mixture of polyurethane acrylate(PUA)coating and 1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane(HFTCS)on titanium alloy(TC4)surfaces decorated with micropillars pattern,thus,composite functional surfaces with PUA coating in the valleys around the micropillars pattern of TC4 were achieved.Apparent contact angle on fabricated surfaces could reach 167°.Influences of the geometric parameters of micropillars pattern on the apparent contact angle were investigated,and the corresponding wear-resistant property was compared.Droplet impact and anti-frosting performances on the prepared surfaces were highlighted.An optimized design of surface texture with robust superhydrophobicity,controllable droplet impact,and anti-frosting performances was proposed.This design principle is of promising prospects for fabricating superhydrophobic surfaces in traditional mechanical systems.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0205700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61927820,No.12004313,No.12004314)+1 种基金supported by the open project program of Wuhan National Laboratory for optoelectronics No.2020WNLOKF004Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.Q21A040010.
文摘The application of femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface texturing has significant potential in medicine,optics,tribology,and biology,among other areas.However,when irradiated by a large intense laser spot,the periodic structures usually exhibit an uncontrollable regularity,forming bifurcated patterns,thus limiting their widespread application.Irregularity originates from numerous independent branching seeds.The usual solution to this problem is to utilize the quasi-direct laser writing technique,that is,by limiting the laser beam size(diameter of<10 wavelengths)and scanning the beam or samples using 2D translation stages.Herein,we demonstrate an optical localization-induced nonlinear competition mechanism to solve this problem,which occurs at a fluence nearly one order of magnitude below the ablation threshold.Owing to the low intrinsic absorption of silicon and ultralow applied fluence,this mechanism ensures the self-selection of a single seed to initiate an array of bifurcated-free gratings under stationary irradiation with a large laser spot(diameter>100 wavelengths).Surprisingly,some unconventional complex patterns,such as radial,annular,and spiral gratings,can also be easily produced by structured light fields with unprecedented regularity.Their diameters reach up to>500μm.Moreover,we can artificially control the initial seeding structure to further improve the regularity of the gratings,defined by dispersion in the ripple orientation angle in their 2D Fourier transform.As a result,the regularity in our experiments produced by a large laser spot is even higher than that scanned by a tiny beam.Controllable and highly regular ripples are beneficial to the structural coloring effects because they arise from the light diffraction by subwavelength gratings.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52175172)Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province of China(Nos.2108085ME174 and 2108085QE228)+1 种基金Natural Science Research Fund of Higher Education of Anhui Province(No.KJ2020A0230)the Open Project of the Key Laboratory of Green Fabrication and Surface Technology of Advanced Metal Materials(No.GFST2021KF05).
文摘Surface texturing is a smart strategy that is commonly used in nature or industry to improve the tribological properties of sliding surfaces.Herein,we focus on the recent research progress pertaining to the wet friction modification of soft elastomers via texturing.To consider the pertinent physical mechanisms,we present and discuss the fundamentals of wet sliding on soft surfaces(including dewetting and wetting transitions in compliant contacts).Subsequently,we consider the methods in which the characteristic textures regulate and control wet sliding behaviors on soft surfaces;these textures range from conventional patterns of dimples to bioinspired architectures and can either positively or adversely impact the interfacial friction force.Furthermore,we briefly address the perspectives,potential applications,and challenges of texture design for modifying the friction characteristics of soft materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12004314 and 62105269)LPS was supported by the Open Project Program of the Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics(No.2020WNLOKF004)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.Q21A040010).
文摘We report self-organized periodic nanostructures on amorphous silicon thin flms by femtosecond laser-induced oxidation.The dependence of structural periodicity on the thickness of silicon flms and the substrate materials is investigated.The results reveal that when silicon flm is 200 nm,the period of self-organized nanostructures is close to the laser wavelength and is insensitive to the substrates.In contrast,when the silicon flm is 50 nm,the period of nanostructures is much shorter than the laser wavelength,and is dependent on the substrates.Furthermore,we demonstrate that,for the thick silicon flms,quasi-cylindrical waves dominate the formation of periodic nanostructures,while for the thin silicon flms,the formation originates from slab waveguide modes.Finite-diference time-domain method-based numerical simulations support the experimental discoveries.
