目的探讨不同口腔护理方法对新生儿呼吸机相关性肺炎预防效果。方法检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国知网、万方、维普和中国生物医学文献数据库中不同口腔护理方法对新生儿呼吸机相关性肺炎预防效果的随机...目的探讨不同口腔护理方法对新生儿呼吸机相关性肺炎预防效果。方法检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国知网、万方、维普和中国生物医学文献数据库中不同口腔护理方法对新生儿呼吸机相关性肺炎预防效果的随机对照试验,检索时限均为建库至2025年2月。由2名研究员独立进行文献筛查、数据提取、质量评价,对符合纳排标准的文献采用Stata 15.1软件进行数据分析。结果共纳入24篇文献,涉及7种口腔护理方法,包括2.0%或2.5%碳酸氢钠溶液(以下简称“碳酸氢钠溶液”)擦拭、母乳擦拭、碳酸氢钠溶液联合母乳擦拭、生理盐水擦拭、碳酸氢钠溶液联合过氧化氢溶液擦拭、碳酸氢钠溶液擦拭联合生理盐水冲洗、无菌水擦拭。网状Meta分析显示,不同口腔护理方法预防新生儿呼吸机相关性肺炎效果不同,效果最好的是碳酸氢钠溶液擦拭联合生理盐水冲洗、碳酸氢钠溶液联合过氧化氢溶液擦拭及碳酸氢钠溶液联合母乳擦拭,其他方式效果略差。结论当前有限证据显示,碳酸氢钠溶液擦拭联合生理盐水冲洗是预防新生儿呼吸机相关性肺炎的有效口腔护理方法之一,其次是碳酸氢钠溶液联合过氧化氢溶液擦拭、碳酸氢钠溶液联合母乳擦拭、母乳擦拭、无菌水擦拭,碳酸氢钠溶液擦拭、生理盐水擦拭的效果排最后。受纳入文献数量和质量的限制,上述结论尚需开展更多高质量研究予以验证。展开更多
In an integrated refining and petrochemical complex,a centralized utility system(CUS)is introduced to integrate the steam demands of production plants.Besides,two sub-utility systems(SUSs)located inside the alkene and...In an integrated refining and petrochemical complex,a centralized utility system(CUS)is introduced to integrate the steam demands of production plants.Besides,two sub-utility systems(SUSs)located inside the alkene and refinery plants,respectively,can satisfy the shaft demands.It is difficult to determine the steam production of the CUS because the steam demands of the alkene and refinery plants also depend on the design and operation of the SUSs.To explore the complicated interaction between the CUS and SUSs,we proposed a mixed-integer nonlinear programming(MINLP)model for the design and optimization of multiple interconnected utility systems to minimize the total annualized cost(TAC).An extended superstructure was suggested to contain multiple inter-plant connected steam pipe alternatives between the CUS and SUSs.A more accurate model of the complex steam turbine was proposed.Then the proposed MINLP framework is applied to a new integrated refining and petrochemical complex.Two scenarios are investigated in the case study to explore the effect of steam main temperatures on system configurations and operating parameters.By optimizing the main temperatures,a TAC of$2.7 million can be saved.Judging from the results of the two scenarios,the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed framework for the design and optimization of multiple interconnected utility systems have been demonstrated.展开更多
文摘目的探讨不同口腔护理方法对新生儿呼吸机相关性肺炎预防效果。方法检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国知网、万方、维普和中国生物医学文献数据库中不同口腔护理方法对新生儿呼吸机相关性肺炎预防效果的随机对照试验,检索时限均为建库至2025年2月。由2名研究员独立进行文献筛查、数据提取、质量评价,对符合纳排标准的文献采用Stata 15.1软件进行数据分析。结果共纳入24篇文献,涉及7种口腔护理方法,包括2.0%或2.5%碳酸氢钠溶液(以下简称“碳酸氢钠溶液”)擦拭、母乳擦拭、碳酸氢钠溶液联合母乳擦拭、生理盐水擦拭、碳酸氢钠溶液联合过氧化氢溶液擦拭、碳酸氢钠溶液擦拭联合生理盐水冲洗、无菌水擦拭。网状Meta分析显示,不同口腔护理方法预防新生儿呼吸机相关性肺炎效果不同,效果最好的是碳酸氢钠溶液擦拭联合生理盐水冲洗、碳酸氢钠溶液联合过氧化氢溶液擦拭及碳酸氢钠溶液联合母乳擦拭,其他方式效果略差。结论当前有限证据显示,碳酸氢钠溶液擦拭联合生理盐水冲洗是预防新生儿呼吸机相关性肺炎的有效口腔护理方法之一,其次是碳酸氢钠溶液联合过氧化氢溶液擦拭、碳酸氢钠溶液联合母乳擦拭、母乳擦拭、无菌水擦拭,碳酸氢钠溶液擦拭、生理盐水擦拭的效果排最后。受纳入文献数量和质量的限制,上述结论尚需开展更多高质量研究予以验证。
文摘In an integrated refining and petrochemical complex,a centralized utility system(CUS)is introduced to integrate the steam demands of production plants.Besides,two sub-utility systems(SUSs)located inside the alkene and refinery plants,respectively,can satisfy the shaft demands.It is difficult to determine the steam production of the CUS because the steam demands of the alkene and refinery plants also depend on the design and operation of the SUSs.To explore the complicated interaction between the CUS and SUSs,we proposed a mixed-integer nonlinear programming(MINLP)model for the design and optimization of multiple interconnected utility systems to minimize the total annualized cost(TAC).An extended superstructure was suggested to contain multiple inter-plant connected steam pipe alternatives between the CUS and SUSs.A more accurate model of the complex steam turbine was proposed.Then the proposed MINLP framework is applied to a new integrated refining and petrochemical complex.Two scenarios are investigated in the case study to explore the effect of steam main temperatures on system configurations and operating parameters.By optimizing the main temperatures,a TAC of$2.7 million can be saved.Judging from the results of the two scenarios,the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed framework for the design and optimization of multiple interconnected utility systems have been demonstrated.
