Prenatal maternal psychological distress,particularly depression,has been increasingly recognized as a factor that influences fetal growth;however,its impact on early childhood development remains less well understood...Prenatal maternal psychological distress,particularly depression,has been increasingly recognized as a factor that influences fetal growth;however,its impact on early childhood development remains less well understood.The present study investigated the association between prenatal depression and children's growth trajectories,as well as the odds of overweight and obesity from 1 to 36 months,while also accounting for maternal anxiety and stress.We analyzed data from 4710 mother-child dyads in the Jiangsu Birth Cohort,assessing maternal psychological distress across trimesters and categorizing participants into groups with mild,moderate,and severe depressive symptomatology.Children's weight-for-length z-scores(WLZ)were used to assess overweight/obesity prevalence,and growth patterns were identified through trajectory models.The results from the generalized estimating equations analysis showed that greater depressive symptomatology during pregnancy was associated with a 28%to 41%increase in the odds of childhood overweight/obesity across all three trimesters,compared with mild depressive symptomatology.We identified five distinct WLZ growth trajectory patterns,and found that mothers with greater depressive symptomatology were 39%–47%more likely to have children who followed a very-high-stable growth trajectory,compared with mothers with mild depressive symptomatology.These findings highlight the significant impact of prenatal depression on adverse growth patterns and childhood overweight/obesity,underscoring the need for early intervention.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the knowledge,attitudes,and practices regarding eye-care seeking practices of visually impaired adults in a rural area Yueqing,and explore factors influencing their behavior.METHODS:A stratified sampli...AIM:To evaluate the knowledge,attitudes,and practices regarding eye-care seeking practices of visually impaired adults in a rural area Yueqing,and explore factors influencing their behavior.METHODS:A stratified sampling method was used to select 48 villages in Yueqing,from which 2400 people were selected to receive vision screenings conducted by oculists during a household visit.Those presenting visual acuity≥0.5 log MAR in either eye completed a self-designed questionnaire investigating their knowledge about medical eye-care seeking,attitudes about eye health and eye-careseeking behavior.RESULTS:Totally 165 people with moderate-to-severe visual impairment were identified(6.9%,165/2400),and 146 eligible participants were recruited(response rate:88.4%,mean age:68.6±15.0 y),among which 88(60.3%)were female.They had 82(56.2%)and 64(43.8%)monocular and binocular visual impairments respectively.A total of 67(45.9%)subjects demonstrated a high knowledge level about medical eye-care seeking and 88(60.3%)had self-rated poor vision,with 23(15%)receiving regular vision checks.The 105(71.9%)subjects had never been to hospital for an eye examination."No need"and"schedule conflicts"were the main reasons for not seeking eye care.Having extensive knowledge of medical eye-care seeking was positively associated with high education levels(OR=3.73,P=0.045)and negatively correlated with older age(OR=0.97,P=0.043).Both the self-perceived vision condition(OR=2.59,P=0.03)and regular vision check behavior(OR=6.50,P<0.01)were related with seeking eye care services.CONCLUSION:In rural Yueqing,intervention is required to increase public knowledge about seeking medical eye care among people with moderate-to-severe visual impairment,especially for the elderly and poorly education.Regular vision checks may be useful to promote their medical eye-care utilization.展开更多
Electromagnetic devices have been widely used in the fields of information communication,medical treatment,electrical engineering,and national defense,and their properties are strongly dependent on the constituent ele...Electromagnetic devices have been widely used in the fields of information communication,medical treatment,electrical engineering,and national defense,and their properties are strongly dependent on the constituent electromagnetic materials.Conversely,electromagnetic metamaterials(EMMs),which are artificially engineered with distinctive electromagnetic properties,can overcome the limitations of natural materials owing to their structural advantages.Three-dimensional(3D)printing is the most effec-tive technique for fabricating EMM devices with different geometric parameters and associated proper-ties.However,conventional 3D-printed EMM devices may lack manufacturing flexibility and environmental adaptability to different physical stimuli,such as electric and magnetic fields.Four-dimensional(4D)printing is an ideal technique for schemes to integrate structural design with intelligent materials environmentally adaptive to external fields,for example,the printed components can change shape under electric stimulation.Given the rapid advancements in the EMM field,this paper first reviews typical EMM devices,their design theories,and underlying principles.Subsequently,it presents various EMM structural topologies and manufacturing technologies,emphasizing the feasibility of combining 3D and 4D printing.In addition,we highlight the important applications of EMMs and their future trends and the challenges associated with functional EMMs and additive manufacturing.展开更多
BACKGROUND Upper gastrointestinal cancer(UGIC),including esophageal and gastric cancers,poses a major global health challenge due to its high morbidity and mortality.During the preoperative period,patients often face ...BACKGROUND Upper gastrointestinal cancer(UGIC),including esophageal and gastric cancers,poses a major global health challenge due to its high morbidity and mortality.During the preoperative period,patients often face functional decline,malnutrition,and psychological stress,which can impair recovery.Prehabilitation,a multidisciplinary preoperative intervention,shows promise in optimizing patients'physical and mental status.AIM To evaluate the impact of prehabilitation on patients undergoing UGIC surgery and provide a basis for implementation of the prehabilitation compound plan.METHODS A computerized search of databases including Web of Science,PubMed,EMBASE,The Cochrane Library,Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang,and Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database was used to collect clinical trials on the impact of prehabilitation on patients undergoing UGIC surgery.After screening,a meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.0 software,and linear regression analysis was performed on the prehabilitation duration and outcome indicators.RESULTS A total of 13 clinical trials were ultimately included,with 8 literature quality evaluations at A level and 5 literature quality evaluations at B level.The meta-analysis results showed that compared with conventional nursing,the prehabilitation group had higher six-minute walk distance,lower postoperative complications and mortality rates,and shorter hospital stays,with statistically significant differences;there were no statistically significant differences in intensive care unit monitoring time and albumin levels between the two groups;regression analysis between prehabilitation duration and outcome indicators showed no significant relationship.CONCLUSION Prehabilitation can improve the perioperative functional ability of patients with UGIC and promote postoperative recovery,but its impact on nutrition,psychology,and quality of life needs to be further explored through more high-quality trials;in addition,further research is needed on the prehabilitation time,location,and specific plan.展开更多
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a severe illness characterized by systemic and multiorgan reactive responses and damage.However,the impact of sepsis on the bone marrow,particularly on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs),is...BACKGROUND Sepsis is a severe illness characterized by systemic and multiorgan reactive responses and damage.However,the impact of sepsis on the bone marrow,particularly on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs),is less reported.BMSCs are critical stromal cells in the bone marrow microenvironment that maintain bone stability and hematopoietic homeostasis;however,the impairment caused by sepsis remains unknown.AIM To investigate the effects of sepsis on BMSCs and the underlying mechanisms.METHODS BMSCs were obtained from healthy donors and patients with sepsis.We compared the self-renewal capacity,differentiation potential,and hematopoietic supportive ability in vitro.Senescence of septic BMSCs was assessed usingβ-galactosidase staining,senescence-associated secretory phenotype,intracellular reactive oxygen species levels,and the expression of P16 and P21.Finally,the changes in septic BMSCs after nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD)treatment were evaluated.RESULTS Septic BMSCs showed decreased proliferation and self-renewal,bias towards adipogenic differentiation,and weakened osteogenic differentiation.Additionally,hematopoietic supportive capacity declines in sepsis.The levels of aging markers were significantly higher in the septic BMSCs.After NAD treatment,the proliferation capacity of septic BMSCs showed a recovery trend,with increased osteogenic and hematopoietic supportive capacities.Sepsis resulted in decreased expression of sirtuin 3(SIRT3)in BMSCs,whereas NAD treatment restored SIRT3 expression,enhanced superoxide dismutase enzyme activity,reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species levels,maintained mitochondrial stability and function,and ultimately rejuvenated septic BMSCs.CONCLUSION Sepsis accelerates the aging of BMSCs,as evidenced by a decline in self-renewal and osteogenic capabilities,as well as weakened hematopoietic support functions.These deficiencies can be effectively reversed via the NAD/SIRT3/superoxide dismutase pathway.展开更多
The impact of mother-infant microbiota on neurodevelopment is an area of interest,but longitudinal studies are scarce.Using a cohort of 520 families from the Jiangsu birth cohort in China,we reveal that the maternal g...The impact of mother-infant microbiota on neurodevelopment is an area of interest,but longitudinal studies are scarce.Using a cohort of 520 families from the Jiangsu birth cohort in China,we reveal that the maternal gut microbiota during early pregnancy play a substantial role,accounting for 3.34%of the variance in offspring neurodevelopmental scores.This contribution is notably higher than the 1.24%attributed to the infants’own microbiota at 1 year of age,underscoring the significant influence of maternal gut health on early child development.Remarkably,an elevation in maternal Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum is linked to decreased cognitive scores,whereas an enrichment of Bifidobacterium longum at 1 year of age is associated with higher cognitive scores.Furthermore,we find that maternal B.pseudocatenulatum is linked to the heterolactic fermentation metabolic pathway,while infant B.longum is associated with the Bifidobacterium shunt pathway.In summary,our analysis implies that maternal and infant gut microbiota play a distinct role in neurodevelopment,suggesting potential strategies for improving neurodevelopmental outcomes during early pregnancy or infant development by targeting gut microbiota composition.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the response of the anterior and posterior corneal surface in femtosecond laser-assisted convex stromal lenticule addition keratoplasty(SLAK)combined with cross-linking(CXL)for treating keratoconus ...AIM:To investigate the response of the anterior and posterior corneal surface in femtosecond laser-assisted convex stromal lenticule addition keratoplasty(SLAK)combined with cross-linking(CXL)for treating keratoconus at the first 3mo of follow-up.METHODS:In this prospective observational study,20 eyes of 20 keratoconus patients who underwent SLAK combined with CXL were included.The morphological indices in keratometry and elevation data were recorded from the Sirius at baseline and 1 and 3mo postoperatively.The mean values of maximum keratometry(K_(max)),flat keratometry(K_(1)),and steep keratometry(K_(2))at the central,3-mm,5-mm,and 7-mm areas were measured from the curvature map.The changes in anterior and posterior corneal elevation under the best-fit sphere(BFS)radius at seven points horizontally of the center,3-mm,5-mm,and 7-mm area from the center at both nasal(N)and temporal(T)side were measured from elevation map.RESULTS:For the front corneal curvature,K_(1),and K_(2) at 3-mm,5-mm,and 7-mm of the anterior corneal surface increased significantly 1mo postoperatively(all P<0.05)and remained unchanged until 3mo(P>0.05).For the back corneal curvature,K_(1) and K_(2) along the 3-mm back meridian significantly decreased after month 1(P=0.002,0.077,respectively).Posterior K_(2)-readings along the 5-mm and 7-mm did not change after surgery(P>0.05).Anterior BFS decreased 1mo(P<0.001)postoperatively but remained unchanged until 3mo after SLAK(P>0.05).There was no change in posterior BFS before and after the surgery(P>0.05).Anterior elevation at N5,N3,central,and T5 points and posterior elevation at central and T7 points shifted backward 1mo postoperatively(all P<0.05)and remained stable until 3mo(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The myopic SLAK combined with CXL is an economical alternative for stabilizing the corneal surface in severe keraoconus.“Pseudoprogression”occurs in the early phase postoperatively,but it is not an indicator of keratoconus progression.展开更多
Lithium-rich manganese-based cathodes(LRMs)have garnered significant attention as promising candidates for highenergy-density batteries due to their exceptional specific capacity exceeding 300 mAh/g,achieved through s...Lithium-rich manganese-based cathodes(LRMs)have garnered significant attention as promising candidates for highenergy-density batteries due to their exceptional specific capacity exceeding 300 mAh/g,achieved through synergistic anionic and cationic redox reactions.However,these materials face challenges including oxygen release-induced structural degradation and consequent capacity fading.To address these issues,strategies such as surface modification and bulk phase engineering have been explored.In this study,we developed a facile and cost-effective quenching approach that simultaneously modifies both surface and bulk characteristics.Multi-scale characterization and computational analysis reveal that rapid cooling partially preserves the high-temperature disordered phase in the bulk structure,thereby enhancing the structural stability.Concurrently,Li^(+)/H^(+)exchange at the surface forms a robust rock-salt/spinel passivation layer,effectively suppressing oxygen evolution and mitigating interfacial side reactions.This dual modification strategy demonstrates a synergistic stabilization effect.The enhanced oxygen redox activity coexists with the improved structural integrity,leading to superior electrochemical performance.The optimized cathode delivers an initial discharge capacity approaching 307.14 mAh/g at 0.1 C and remarkable cycling stability with 94.12%capacity retention after 200 cycles at 1 C.This study presents a straightforward and economical strategy for concurrent surface–bulk modification,offering valuable insights for designing high-capacity LRM cathodes with extended cycle life.展开更多
Accurate acquisition of the lithological composition of a tunnel face is crucial for efficient tunneling and hazard prevention in large-diameter slurry shield tunnels.While widely applied,current data-driven methods o...Accurate acquisition of the lithological composition of a tunnel face is crucial for efficient tunneling and hazard prevention in large-diameter slurry shield tunnels.While widely applied,current data-driven methods often face challenges such as indirect prediction,data sparsity,and data drift,which limit their accuracy and generalizability.This study develops an integrated method that combines a knowledge-driven method to directly compute distribution patterns of lithological components,which are used as a priori knowledge to guide the development of a data-driven method.Coupled Markov chain(CMC)and deep neural networks(DNNs)serve as the knowledge-driven and data-driven components,respectively.Additionally,a dynamic prediction strategy is proposed,where the model is continuously optimized as construction progresses and training samples accumulate,rather than being statically trained on post-construction data,as is common in data-driven methods.Finally,the proposed method is evaluated using a real-world project.The evaluation results show that the integrated method outperforms both individual data-and knowledge-driven methods,demonstrating higher predictive performance,greater stability,and greater robustness to data scarcity and data drift.Furthermore,the dynamic prediction strategy better captures the effects of gradual data accumulation and lithological spatial variability on prediction performance during construction,providing new insights for real-time prediction in practical tunneling applications.展开更多
UGT(UDP-dependent glycosyltransferase)family members are mainly involved in the modification of secondary metabolites,as well as plant stress responses.Previously,we identified the UGT gene MdUGT88F4 from Malus spp.In...UGT(UDP-dependent glycosyltransferase)family members are mainly involved in the modification of secondary metabolites,as well as plant stress responses.Previously,we identified the UGT gene MdUGT88F4 from Malus spp.In order to verify whether it had biological function in apple plants,we generated transgenic apple plants overexpressed MdUGT88F4 and treated them with salt stress.The results showed that it conferred enhanced salt stress tolerance in transgenic‘GL-3’apple(Malus domestica)plants.The expression of MdUGT88F4 was induced by salt stress,and overexpression of this gene alleviated the inhibitory effects of salt stress on the growth of apple plants.After 15 days of salt stress treatment(100 mmol·L^(-1)NaCl),necrotic spots were present on the leaves of wild-type(WT)plants,and none were observed on the leaves of transgenic plants overexpressing MdUGT88F4(OX).The relative electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content were lower and the total chlorophyll content and the relative water content were higher in OX plants than in WT plants.The photosynthetic efficiency was higher in OX plants than in WT plants under salt stress,which was consistent with their larger stomatal aperture;this might stem from a reduction in the content of abscisic acid.The production of reactive oxygen species was lower and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were higher in OX plants than in WT plants.In addition,OX plants accumulated less Na^(+)but more K^(+)than WT plants,and the expression of several genes involved in Na^(+)transport was upregulated in OX plants.MdUGT88F4 failed to promote the accumulation of isosalipurposide in vivo,and it was involved in isosalipurposide synthesis.Most of the flavonoid metabolites accumulated to a greater degree in OX plants than in WT plants.In summary,our results show that MdUGT88F4 positively regulates the salt stress response in apple plants,possibly by affecting stomatal movement,as well as the accumulation of ions and flavonoids.Our findings enhance our understanding of the metabolic mechanisms by which UGT proteins ameliorate the effects of salt stress in plants.展开更多
The reconstruction of demographic history using ancient and modern genomic resources reveals extensive interactions and admixture between ancient nomadic pastoralists and the social organizations of the Chinese Centra...The reconstruction of demographic history using ancient and modern genomic resources reveals extensive interactions and admixture between ancient nomadic pastoralists and the social organizations of the Chinese Central Plain.However,the extent to which Y-chromosome genetic legacies from nomadic emperor-related ancestral lineages influence the Chinese paternal gene pool remains unclear.Here,we genotype 2717 ethnolinguistically diverse samples belonging to C2a lineages,perform whole-genome sequencing on 997 representative samples,and integrate these data with ancient genomic sequences.We reconstruct the evolutionary histories of Northern Zhou-,Qing emperor-,and pastoralist-related lineages to assess their genetic impact on modern Chinese populations.This reassembled fine-scale Ychromosome phylogeny identifies deep divergence and five Neolithic expansion events contributing differently to the formation of northern Chinese populations.Phylogeographic modeling indicates that the nomadic empires of the Northern Zhou and Qing dynasties genetically originated from the Mongolian Plateau.Phylogenetic topology and shared haplotype patterns show that three upstream ancestors of Northern Zhou(C2a1a1b1a2a1b-FGC28857),Donghu tribe(C2a1a1b1-F1756),and Qing(C2a1a3a2-F10283)emperor-related lineages expanded during the middle Neolithic,contributing significantly to genetic flow between ancient northeastern Asians and modern East Asians.Notably,this study reveals limited direct contributions of Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou’s lineages to modern East Asians.展开更多
To improve the application and service of C_(f)/SiC composites as advanced hightemperature structural materials,it is critical to achieve their high-efficiency and low-damage machining.In this study,the laser-ablating...To improve the application and service of C_(f)/SiC composites as advanced hightemperature structural materials,it is critical to achieve their high-efficiency and low-damage machining.In this study,the laser-ablating assisted grinding(LAAG)method was presented,and the connection of damage behavior and removal mechanism with laser and grinding processes was revealed.The results demonstrated that the surface of C_(f)/SiC composites after laser ablation was covered with a substantial number of loose oxides primarily composed of SiO2.Laser ablating process,grinding parameter and abrasive belt selection have a significant impact on the machining results.By fabricating an ablative layer with small laser scanning spacing,and selecting small abrasive grains and feed rate during grinding,the machinability was improved and a relatively lowerdamage grinding surface could be obtained.Under the optimal combination of process parameters,the grinding force and temperature of LAAG could be reduced by up to 85%and 35%,respectively.In this case,the subsurface damage of C_(f)/SiC composites occurred only in the form of microcracks rather large-scale fracture,and the formation of interface debonding and matrix cracking was significantly reduced.Furthermore,the grinding chips were mostly shown as micron-sized powders,indicating that the removal mechanism of C_(f)/SiC composites was primarily the microfractured and attrition wear of laser-ablated layer.展开更多
Thermal expansion is crucial for various industrial processes and is increasingly the focus of research endeavors aimed at improving material performance.However,it is the continuous advancements in first-principles c...Thermal expansion is crucial for various industrial processes and is increasingly the focus of research endeavors aimed at improving material performance.However,it is the continuous advancements in first-principles calculations that have enabled researchers to understand the microscopic origins of thermal expansion.In this study,we propose a coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE)calculation scheme based on self-consistent phonon theory,incorporating the fourth-order anharmonicity.We selected four structures(Si,CaZrF_(6),SrTiO_(3),NaBr)to investigate high-order anharmonicity’s impact on their CTEs,based on bonding types.The results indicate that our method goes beyond the second-order quasi-harmonic approximation and the third-order perturbation theory,aligning closely with experimental data.Furthermore,we observed that an increase in the ionicity of the structures leads to a more pronounced influence of high-order anharmonicity on CTE,with this effect primarily manifesting in variations of the Grüneisen parameter.Our research provides a theoretical foundation for accurately predicting and regulating the thermal expansion behavior of materials.展开更多
背景与目的日间手术的种类和数量在不断扩大,部分经过选择的肺癌患者进行日间手术,临床效果如何?基于加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery, ERAS)理念和外科微创技术,探索肺癌患者日间手术的操作流程及其临床应用效果。方法选...背景与目的日间手术的种类和数量在不断扩大,部分经过选择的肺癌患者进行日间手术,临床效果如何?基于加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery, ERAS)理念和外科微创技术,探索肺癌患者日间手术的操作流程及其临床应用效果。方法选取2019年6月-2019年11月四川大学华西胸外科单个医疗组连续收治行肺手术患者150例,最终纳入研究患者48例,其中住院手术(inpatient surgery group, ISG)患者28例和日间手术患者(day surgery group,DSG)20例。分析两组患者平均住院日、住院费用及并发症等。结果平均住院日在日间手术组(1 d)显著低于住院手术组(7.7±2.8)d(P=0.000);平均住院费用在日间手术组(38,297.3±3408.7)$显著低于住院手术组(47,831.1±7376.1)$(P=0.000)。术后总体并发症发生率在日间手术组(5.0%)与住院手术组(3.6%)无统计学差异(P=0.812)。术后总体不良反应发生率日间手术组(10.0%)与住院手术组(17.9%)无统计学差异(P=0.729)。结论经过选择的肺癌患者行日间手术是可行的且能够加速康复。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82373581 to Yuan Lin).
文摘Prenatal maternal psychological distress,particularly depression,has been increasingly recognized as a factor that influences fetal growth;however,its impact on early childhood development remains less well understood.The present study investigated the association between prenatal depression and children's growth trajectories,as well as the odds of overweight and obesity from 1 to 36 months,while also accounting for maternal anxiety and stress.We analyzed data from 4710 mother-child dyads in the Jiangsu Birth Cohort,assessing maternal psychological distress across trimesters and categorizing participants into groups with mild,moderate,and severe depressive symptomatology.Children's weight-for-length z-scores(WLZ)were used to assess overweight/obesity prevalence,and growth patterns were identified through trajectory models.The results from the generalized estimating equations analysis showed that greater depressive symptomatology during pregnancy was associated with a 28%to 41%increase in the odds of childhood overweight/obesity across all three trimesters,compared with mild depressive symptomatology.We identified five distinct WLZ growth trajectory patterns,and found that mothers with greater depressive symptomatology were 39%–47%more likely to have children who followed a very-high-stable growth trajectory,compared with mothers with mild depressive symptomatology.These findings highlight the significant impact of prenatal depression on adverse growth patterns and childhood overweight/obesity,underscoring the need for early intervention.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Benefiting Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2014H01007)the Zhejiang Medical Science and Technology Program(No.2018KY543)。
文摘AIM:To evaluate the knowledge,attitudes,and practices regarding eye-care seeking practices of visually impaired adults in a rural area Yueqing,and explore factors influencing their behavior.METHODS:A stratified sampling method was used to select 48 villages in Yueqing,from which 2400 people were selected to receive vision screenings conducted by oculists during a household visit.Those presenting visual acuity≥0.5 log MAR in either eye completed a self-designed questionnaire investigating their knowledge about medical eye-care seeking,attitudes about eye health and eye-careseeking behavior.RESULTS:Totally 165 people with moderate-to-severe visual impairment were identified(6.9%,165/2400),and 146 eligible participants were recruited(response rate:88.4%,mean age:68.6±15.0 y),among which 88(60.3%)were female.They had 82(56.2%)and 64(43.8%)monocular and binocular visual impairments respectively.A total of 67(45.9%)subjects demonstrated a high knowledge level about medical eye-care seeking and 88(60.3%)had self-rated poor vision,with 23(15%)receiving regular vision checks.The 105(71.9%)subjects had never been to hospital for an eye examination."No need"and"schedule conflicts"were the main reasons for not seeking eye care.Having extensive knowledge of medical eye-care seeking was positively associated with high education levels(OR=3.73,P=0.045)and negatively correlated with older age(OR=0.97,P=0.043).Both the self-perceived vision condition(OR=2.59,P=0.03)and regular vision check behavior(OR=6.50,P<0.01)were related with seeking eye care services.CONCLUSION:In rural Yueqing,intervention is required to increase public knowledge about seeking medical eye care among people with moderate-to-severe visual impairment,especially for the elderly and poorly education.Regular vision checks may be useful to promote their medical eye-care utilization.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52275331 and 52205358)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB4604800)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(2022BAA011)the Hong Kong Scholars Program(XJ2022014).
文摘Electromagnetic devices have been widely used in the fields of information communication,medical treatment,electrical engineering,and national defense,and their properties are strongly dependent on the constituent electromagnetic materials.Conversely,electromagnetic metamaterials(EMMs),which are artificially engineered with distinctive electromagnetic properties,can overcome the limitations of natural materials owing to their structural advantages.Three-dimensional(3D)printing is the most effec-tive technique for fabricating EMM devices with different geometric parameters and associated proper-ties.However,conventional 3D-printed EMM devices may lack manufacturing flexibility and environmental adaptability to different physical stimuli,such as electric and magnetic fields.Four-dimensional(4D)printing is an ideal technique for schemes to integrate structural design with intelligent materials environmentally adaptive to external fields,for example,the printed components can change shape under electric stimulation.Given the rapid advancements in the EMM field,this paper first reviews typical EMM devices,their design theories,and underlying principles.Subsequently,it presents various EMM structural topologies and manufacturing technologies,emphasizing the feasibility of combining 3D and 4D printing.In addition,we highlight the important applications of EMMs and their future trends and the challenges associated with functional EMMs and additive manufacturing.
基金Supported by Key Project of Jiangsu Provincial Health(ZD2022052).
文摘BACKGROUND Upper gastrointestinal cancer(UGIC),including esophageal and gastric cancers,poses a major global health challenge due to its high morbidity and mortality.During the preoperative period,patients often face functional decline,malnutrition,and psychological stress,which can impair recovery.Prehabilitation,a multidisciplinary preoperative intervention,shows promise in optimizing patients'physical and mental status.AIM To evaluate the impact of prehabilitation on patients undergoing UGIC surgery and provide a basis for implementation of the prehabilitation compound plan.METHODS A computerized search of databases including Web of Science,PubMed,EMBASE,The Cochrane Library,Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang,and Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database was used to collect clinical trials on the impact of prehabilitation on patients undergoing UGIC surgery.After screening,a meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.0 software,and linear regression analysis was performed on the prehabilitation duration and outcome indicators.RESULTS A total of 13 clinical trials were ultimately included,with 8 literature quality evaluations at A level and 5 literature quality evaluations at B level.The meta-analysis results showed that compared with conventional nursing,the prehabilitation group had higher six-minute walk distance,lower postoperative complications and mortality rates,and shorter hospital stays,with statistically significant differences;there were no statistically significant differences in intensive care unit monitoring time and albumin levels between the two groups;regression analysis between prehabilitation duration and outcome indicators showed no significant relationship.CONCLUSION Prehabilitation can improve the perioperative functional ability of patients with UGIC and promote postoperative recovery,but its impact on nutrition,psychology,and quality of life needs to be further explored through more high-quality trials;in addition,further research is needed on the prehabilitation time,location,and specific plan.
基金Shanghai Natural Science Foundation,No.21ZR1452300the Clinical Research Innovation Plan of Shanghai General Hospital,No.CCTR-2022B04.
文摘BACKGROUND Sepsis is a severe illness characterized by systemic and multiorgan reactive responses and damage.However,the impact of sepsis on the bone marrow,particularly on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs),is less reported.BMSCs are critical stromal cells in the bone marrow microenvironment that maintain bone stability and hematopoietic homeostasis;however,the impairment caused by sepsis remains unknown.AIM To investigate the effects of sepsis on BMSCs and the underlying mechanisms.METHODS BMSCs were obtained from healthy donors and patients with sepsis.We compared the self-renewal capacity,differentiation potential,and hematopoietic supportive ability in vitro.Senescence of septic BMSCs was assessed usingβ-galactosidase staining,senescence-associated secretory phenotype,intracellular reactive oxygen species levels,and the expression of P16 and P21.Finally,the changes in septic BMSCs after nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD)treatment were evaluated.RESULTS Septic BMSCs showed decreased proliferation and self-renewal,bias towards adipogenic differentiation,and weakened osteogenic differentiation.Additionally,hematopoietic supportive capacity declines in sepsis.The levels of aging markers were significantly higher in the septic BMSCs.After NAD treatment,the proliferation capacity of septic BMSCs showed a recovery trend,with increased osteogenic and hematopoietic supportive capacities.Sepsis resulted in decreased expression of sirtuin 3(SIRT3)in BMSCs,whereas NAD treatment restored SIRT3 expression,enhanced superoxide dismutase enzyme activity,reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species levels,maintained mitochondrial stability and function,and ultimately rejuvenated septic BMSCs.CONCLUSION Sepsis accelerates the aging of BMSCs,as evidenced by a decline in self-renewal and osteogenic capabilities,as well as weakened hematopoietic support functions.These deficiencies can be effectively reversed via the NAD/SIRT3/superoxide dismutase pathway.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1303900 and 2021YFC2700705)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82103919).
文摘The impact of mother-infant microbiota on neurodevelopment is an area of interest,but longitudinal studies are scarce.Using a cohort of 520 families from the Jiangsu birth cohort in China,we reveal that the maternal gut microbiota during early pregnancy play a substantial role,accounting for 3.34%of the variance in offspring neurodevelopmental scores.This contribution is notably higher than the 1.24%attributed to the infants’own microbiota at 1 year of age,underscoring the significant influence of maternal gut health on early child development.Remarkably,an elevation in maternal Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum is linked to decreased cognitive scores,whereas an enrichment of Bifidobacterium longum at 1 year of age is associated with higher cognitive scores.Furthermore,we find that maternal B.pseudocatenulatum is linked to the heterolactic fermentation metabolic pathway,while infant B.longum is associated with the Bifidobacterium shunt pathway.In summary,our analysis implies that maternal and infant gut microbiota play a distinct role in neurodevelopment,suggesting potential strategies for improving neurodevelopmental outcomes during early pregnancy or infant development by targeting gut microbiota composition.
基金Supported by the Social Development Grant of Shaanxi Province(No.2022SF-404)the Science and Technology Program of Xi’an,China(No.23YXYJ0010,No.23YXYJ0037)+1 种基金the Research Project of Xi’an Health Commission(No.2024ms05)the Technology Innovation Supporting Program of Shaanxi(No.2024RS-CXTD-11).
文摘AIM:To investigate the response of the anterior and posterior corneal surface in femtosecond laser-assisted convex stromal lenticule addition keratoplasty(SLAK)combined with cross-linking(CXL)for treating keratoconus at the first 3mo of follow-up.METHODS:In this prospective observational study,20 eyes of 20 keratoconus patients who underwent SLAK combined with CXL were included.The morphological indices in keratometry and elevation data were recorded from the Sirius at baseline and 1 and 3mo postoperatively.The mean values of maximum keratometry(K_(max)),flat keratometry(K_(1)),and steep keratometry(K_(2))at the central,3-mm,5-mm,and 7-mm areas were measured from the curvature map.The changes in anterior and posterior corneal elevation under the best-fit sphere(BFS)radius at seven points horizontally of the center,3-mm,5-mm,and 7-mm area from the center at both nasal(N)and temporal(T)side were measured from elevation map.RESULTS:For the front corneal curvature,K_(1),and K_(2) at 3-mm,5-mm,and 7-mm of the anterior corneal surface increased significantly 1mo postoperatively(all P<0.05)and remained unchanged until 3mo(P>0.05).For the back corneal curvature,K_(1) and K_(2) along the 3-mm back meridian significantly decreased after month 1(P=0.002,0.077,respectively).Posterior K_(2)-readings along the 5-mm and 7-mm did not change after surgery(P>0.05).Anterior BFS decreased 1mo(P<0.001)postoperatively but remained unchanged until 3mo after SLAK(P>0.05).There was no change in posterior BFS before and after the surgery(P>0.05).Anterior elevation at N5,N3,central,and T5 points and posterior elevation at central and T7 points shifted backward 1mo postoperatively(all P<0.05)and remained stable until 3mo(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The myopic SLAK combined with CXL is an economical alternative for stabilizing the corneal surface in severe keraoconus.“Pseudoprogression”occurs in the early phase postoperatively,but it is not an indicator of keratoconus progression.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB2502200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52325207,22239003,and 22393904).
文摘Lithium-rich manganese-based cathodes(LRMs)have garnered significant attention as promising candidates for highenergy-density batteries due to their exceptional specific capacity exceeding 300 mAh/g,achieved through synergistic anionic and cationic redox reactions.However,these materials face challenges including oxygen release-induced structural degradation and consequent capacity fading.To address these issues,strategies such as surface modification and bulk phase engineering have been explored.In this study,we developed a facile and cost-effective quenching approach that simultaneously modifies both surface and bulk characteristics.Multi-scale characterization and computational analysis reveal that rapid cooling partially preserves the high-temperature disordered phase in the bulk structure,thereby enhancing the structural stability.Concurrently,Li^(+)/H^(+)exchange at the surface forms a robust rock-salt/spinel passivation layer,effectively suppressing oxygen evolution and mitigating interfacial side reactions.This dual modification strategy demonstrates a synergistic stabilization effect.The enhanced oxygen redox activity coexists with the improved structural integrity,leading to superior electrochemical performance.The optimized cathode delivers an initial discharge capacity approaching 307.14 mAh/g at 0.1 C and remarkable cycling stability with 94.12%capacity retention after 200 cycles at 1 C.This study presents a straightforward and economical strategy for concurrent surface–bulk modification,offering valuable insights for designing high-capacity LRM cathodes with extended cycle life.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.8252012)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52378475).
文摘Accurate acquisition of the lithological composition of a tunnel face is crucial for efficient tunneling and hazard prevention in large-diameter slurry shield tunnels.While widely applied,current data-driven methods often face challenges such as indirect prediction,data sparsity,and data drift,which limit their accuracy and generalizability.This study develops an integrated method that combines a knowledge-driven method to directly compute distribution patterns of lithological components,which are used as a priori knowledge to guide the development of a data-driven method.Coupled Markov chain(CMC)and deep neural networks(DNNs)serve as the knowledge-driven and data-driven components,respectively.Additionally,a dynamic prediction strategy is proposed,where the model is continuously optimized as construction progresses and training samples accumulate,rather than being statically trained on post-construction data,as is common in data-driven methods.Finally,the proposed method is evaluated using a real-world project.The evaluation results show that the integrated method outperforms both individual data-and knowledge-driven methods,demonstrating higher predictive performance,greater stability,and greater robustness to data scarcity and data drift.Furthermore,the dynamic prediction strategy better captures the effects of gradual data accumulation and lithological spatial variability on prediction performance during construction,providing new insights for real-time prediction in practical tunneling applications.
基金supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(Grant No.2023-JC-YB-170)the earmarked fund for the China Agricultural Research System(Grant No.CARS-27)the Key S&T Special Projects of Shannxi Province(Grant No.2020zdzx03-01-02)。
文摘UGT(UDP-dependent glycosyltransferase)family members are mainly involved in the modification of secondary metabolites,as well as plant stress responses.Previously,we identified the UGT gene MdUGT88F4 from Malus spp.In order to verify whether it had biological function in apple plants,we generated transgenic apple plants overexpressed MdUGT88F4 and treated them with salt stress.The results showed that it conferred enhanced salt stress tolerance in transgenic‘GL-3’apple(Malus domestica)plants.The expression of MdUGT88F4 was induced by salt stress,and overexpression of this gene alleviated the inhibitory effects of salt stress on the growth of apple plants.After 15 days of salt stress treatment(100 mmol·L^(-1)NaCl),necrotic spots were present on the leaves of wild-type(WT)plants,and none were observed on the leaves of transgenic plants overexpressing MdUGT88F4(OX).The relative electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content were lower and the total chlorophyll content and the relative water content were higher in OX plants than in WT plants.The photosynthetic efficiency was higher in OX plants than in WT plants under salt stress,which was consistent with their larger stomatal aperture;this might stem from a reduction in the content of abscisic acid.The production of reactive oxygen species was lower and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were higher in OX plants than in WT plants.In addition,OX plants accumulated less Na^(+)but more K^(+)than WT plants,and the expression of several genes involved in Na^(+)transport was upregulated in OX plants.MdUGT88F4 failed to promote the accumulation of isosalipurposide in vivo,and it was involved in isosalipurposide synthesis.Most of the flavonoid metabolites accumulated to a greater degree in OX plants than in WT plants.In summary,our results show that MdUGT88F4 positively regulates the salt stress response in apple plants,possibly by affecting stomatal movement,as well as the accumulation of ions and flavonoids.Our findings enhance our understanding of the metabolic mechanisms by which UGT proteins ameliorate the effects of salt stress in plants.
基金the financial support received from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82202078)the National Social Science Foundation of China(23&ZD203)+4 种基金support for G.H.includes National Natural Science Foundation of China(82402203)the Open Project of the Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics of the Ministry of Public Security(2022FGKFKT05)the Center for Archaeological Science of Sichuan University(23SASA01)the 1‧3‧5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence at West China Hospital,Sichuan University(ZYJC20002)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2024NSFSC1518).
文摘The reconstruction of demographic history using ancient and modern genomic resources reveals extensive interactions and admixture between ancient nomadic pastoralists and the social organizations of the Chinese Central Plain.However,the extent to which Y-chromosome genetic legacies from nomadic emperor-related ancestral lineages influence the Chinese paternal gene pool remains unclear.Here,we genotype 2717 ethnolinguistically diverse samples belonging to C2a lineages,perform whole-genome sequencing on 997 representative samples,and integrate these data with ancient genomic sequences.We reconstruct the evolutionary histories of Northern Zhou-,Qing emperor-,and pastoralist-related lineages to assess their genetic impact on modern Chinese populations.This reassembled fine-scale Ychromosome phylogeny identifies deep divergence and five Neolithic expansion events contributing differently to the formation of northern Chinese populations.Phylogeographic modeling indicates that the nomadic empires of the Northern Zhou and Qing dynasties genetically originated from the Mongolian Plateau.Phylogenetic topology and shared haplotype patterns show that three upstream ancestors of Northern Zhou(C2a1a1b1a2a1b-FGC28857),Donghu tribe(C2a1a1b1-F1756),and Qing(C2a1a3a2-F10283)emperor-related lineages expanded during the middle Neolithic,contributing significantly to genetic flow between ancient northeastern Asians and modern East Asians.Notably,this study reveals limited direct contributions of Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou’s lineages to modern East Asians.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52205444)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(No.CSTB2022NSCQMSX1128)。
文摘To improve the application and service of C_(f)/SiC composites as advanced hightemperature structural materials,it is critical to achieve their high-efficiency and low-damage machining.In this study,the laser-ablating assisted grinding(LAAG)method was presented,and the connection of damage behavior and removal mechanism with laser and grinding processes was revealed.The results demonstrated that the surface of C_(f)/SiC composites after laser ablation was covered with a substantial number of loose oxides primarily composed of SiO2.Laser ablating process,grinding parameter and abrasive belt selection have a significant impact on the machining results.By fabricating an ablative layer with small laser scanning spacing,and selecting small abrasive grains and feed rate during grinding,the machinability was improved and a relatively lowerdamage grinding surface could be obtained.Under the optimal combination of process parameters,the grinding force and temperature of LAAG could be reduced by up to 85%and 35%,respectively.In this case,the subsurface damage of C_(f)/SiC composites occurred only in the form of microcracks rather large-scale fracture,and the formation of interface debonding and matrix cracking was significantly reduced.Furthermore,the grinding chips were mostly shown as micron-sized powders,indicating that the removal mechanism of C_(f)/SiC composites was primarily the microfractured and attrition wear of laser-ablated layer.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62125402).
文摘Thermal expansion is crucial for various industrial processes and is increasingly the focus of research endeavors aimed at improving material performance.However,it is the continuous advancements in first-principles calculations that have enabled researchers to understand the microscopic origins of thermal expansion.In this study,we propose a coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE)calculation scheme based on self-consistent phonon theory,incorporating the fourth-order anharmonicity.We selected four structures(Si,CaZrF_(6),SrTiO_(3),NaBr)to investigate high-order anharmonicity’s impact on their CTEs,based on bonding types.The results indicate that our method goes beyond the second-order quasi-harmonic approximation and the third-order perturbation theory,aligning closely with experimental data.Furthermore,we observed that an increase in the ionicity of the structures leads to a more pronounced influence of high-order anharmonicity on CTE,with this effect primarily manifesting in variations of the Grüneisen parameter.Our research provides a theoretical foundation for accurately predicting and regulating the thermal expansion behavior of materials.
文摘背景与目的日间手术的种类和数量在不断扩大,部分经过选择的肺癌患者进行日间手术,临床效果如何?基于加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery, ERAS)理念和外科微创技术,探索肺癌患者日间手术的操作流程及其临床应用效果。方法选取2019年6月-2019年11月四川大学华西胸外科单个医疗组连续收治行肺手术患者150例,最终纳入研究患者48例,其中住院手术(inpatient surgery group, ISG)患者28例和日间手术患者(day surgery group,DSG)20例。分析两组患者平均住院日、住院费用及并发症等。结果平均住院日在日间手术组(1 d)显著低于住院手术组(7.7±2.8)d(P=0.000);平均住院费用在日间手术组(38,297.3±3408.7)$显著低于住院手术组(47,831.1±7376.1)$(P=0.000)。术后总体并发症发生率在日间手术组(5.0%)与住院手术组(3.6%)无统计学差异(P=0.812)。术后总体不良反应发生率日间手术组(10.0%)与住院手术组(17.9%)无统计学差异(P=0.729)。结论经过选择的肺癌患者行日间手术是可行的且能够加速康复。
