Background: This paper describes and displays the spinal radiological anatomy and associated pathology in a Macaca fascicularis and compares it to the spinal anatomy of humans. Animal models are commonly used in resea...Background: This paper describes and displays the spinal radiological anatomy and associated pathology in a Macaca fascicularis and compares it to the spinal anatomy of humans. Animal models are commonly used in research. As compared to Macaca mulatta, the anatomy of M. fascicularis is less well described in the literature. Materials and methods: The authors anatomically reconstructed and reviewed the defleshed spine of a single adult M. fascicularis visually, radiographically, and with high resolution CT. Results: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 6 lumbar, 3 sacral, and 16 caudal vertebrae were identified. Similarities in the spine to humans were seen as well as differences such as the beaked anterior arch of C1, the anterior pointed lower lumbar vertebrae, the upward curved transverse processes, and presence of three sacral segments. Degenerative changes were seen at multiple locations similar to humans though most pronounced at T3-4. Conclusions: This paper addresses the normal spinal anatomy and degenerative changes in an adult M. fascicularis and compares it to humans.展开更多
Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury (TSCI) remains a significant cause of human suffering. The World Health Organization estimates that there are between 250,000 to 500,000 new cases every year. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (M...Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury (TSCI) remains a significant cause of human suffering. The World Health Organization estimates that there are between 250,000 to 500,000 new cases every year. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been an important advancement in the diagnosis and management of TSCI. Nevertheless, there is a lack of literature correlating the radiological abnormalities and histopathological findings in the first hour (i.e., hyperacute period) after injury. The aim of this preliminary study is to elucidate the relationship between the MRI abnormalities and histopathological abnormalities in the hyperacute time period. In this study, a non-human primate model (NHP) primate model is used to characterize the histopathological and radiological features. Specifically, an experimental TSCI is created with an epidural catheter. This is followed by MRI imaging. The subject is then humanely euthanized and a post-mortem examination is completed. These results suggest that the noted radiological abnormalities are consistent with a combination of hemorrhage, edema as well as eosinophilic cellular matter in the central canal.展开更多
To meet the increasing needs to move goods and materials, transportation vehicles are logging an increasing number of kilometers each year. With increasing use of these vehicles comes the need to conserve fuel to save...To meet the increasing needs to move goods and materials, transportation vehicles are logging an increasing number of kilometers each year. With increasing use of these vehicles comes the need to conserve fuel to save money and to conserve resources. New engines, transmissions and axles are being developed to further conserve fuel and to provide more efficient power sources. Southwest Research Institute, a leader in global automotive research, regularly performs tests to evaluate the power and fuel economy improvement of drive train hardware and lubricants. The Institute has recently provided services to design, develop, and perform test verification of a dynamometer stand that is capable of evaluating the efficiency of axle lubricants in heavy-duty use.展开更多
文摘Background: This paper describes and displays the spinal radiological anatomy and associated pathology in a Macaca fascicularis and compares it to the spinal anatomy of humans. Animal models are commonly used in research. As compared to Macaca mulatta, the anatomy of M. fascicularis is less well described in the literature. Materials and methods: The authors anatomically reconstructed and reviewed the defleshed spine of a single adult M. fascicularis visually, radiographically, and with high resolution CT. Results: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 6 lumbar, 3 sacral, and 16 caudal vertebrae were identified. Similarities in the spine to humans were seen as well as differences such as the beaked anterior arch of C1, the anterior pointed lower lumbar vertebrae, the upward curved transverse processes, and presence of three sacral segments. Degenerative changes were seen at multiple locations similar to humans though most pronounced at T3-4. Conclusions: This paper addresses the normal spinal anatomy and degenerative changes in an adult M. fascicularis and compares it to humans.
文摘Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury (TSCI) remains a significant cause of human suffering. The World Health Organization estimates that there are between 250,000 to 500,000 new cases every year. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been an important advancement in the diagnosis and management of TSCI. Nevertheless, there is a lack of literature correlating the radiological abnormalities and histopathological findings in the first hour (i.e., hyperacute period) after injury. The aim of this preliminary study is to elucidate the relationship between the MRI abnormalities and histopathological abnormalities in the hyperacute time period. In this study, a non-human primate model (NHP) primate model is used to characterize the histopathological and radiological features. Specifically, an experimental TSCI is created with an epidural catheter. This is followed by MRI imaging. The subject is then humanely euthanized and a post-mortem examination is completed. These results suggest that the noted radiological abnormalities are consistent with a combination of hemorrhage, edema as well as eosinophilic cellular matter in the central canal.
文摘To meet the increasing needs to move goods and materials, transportation vehicles are logging an increasing number of kilometers each year. With increasing use of these vehicles comes the need to conserve fuel to save money and to conserve resources. New engines, transmissions and axles are being developed to further conserve fuel and to provide more efficient power sources. Southwest Research Institute, a leader in global automotive research, regularly performs tests to evaluate the power and fuel economy improvement of drive train hardware and lubricants. The Institute has recently provided services to design, develop, and perform test verification of a dynamometer stand that is capable of evaluating the efficiency of axle lubricants in heavy-duty use.
