摘要
Background: This paper describes and displays the spinal radiological anatomy and associated pathology in a Macaca fascicularis and compares it to the spinal anatomy of humans. Animal models are commonly used in research. As compared to Macaca mulatta, the anatomy of M. fascicularis is less well described in the literature. Materials and methods: The authors anatomically reconstructed and reviewed the defleshed spine of a single adult M. fascicularis visually, radiographically, and with high resolution CT. Results: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 6 lumbar, 3 sacral, and 16 caudal vertebrae were identified. Similarities in the spine to humans were seen as well as differences such as the beaked anterior arch of C1, the anterior pointed lower lumbar vertebrae, the upward curved transverse processes, and presence of three sacral segments. Degenerative changes were seen at multiple locations similar to humans though most pronounced at T3-4. Conclusions: This paper addresses the normal spinal anatomy and degenerative changes in an adult M. fascicularis and compares it to humans.
Background: This paper describes and displays the spinal radiological anatomy and associated pathology in a Macaca fascicularis and compares it to the spinal anatomy of humans. Animal models are commonly used in research. As compared to Macaca mulatta, the anatomy of M. fascicularis is less well described in the literature. Materials and methods: The authors anatomically reconstructed and reviewed the defleshed spine of a single adult M. fascicularis visually, radiographically, and with high resolution CT. Results: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 6 lumbar, 3 sacral, and 16 caudal vertebrae were identified. Similarities in the spine to humans were seen as well as differences such as the beaked anterior arch of C1, the anterior pointed lower lumbar vertebrae, the upward curved transverse processes, and presence of three sacral segments. Degenerative changes were seen at multiple locations similar to humans though most pronounced at T3-4. Conclusions: This paper addresses the normal spinal anatomy and degenerative changes in an adult M. fascicularis and compares it to humans.
作者
Anant Krishnan
Guneet Kaleka
Scott Emerson
Guy Sovak
Heather Simmons
Kevin Brunner
Dane Schalk
John Sledge
Amber Hoggatt
Shanker Nesathurai
Anant Krishnan;Guneet Kaleka;Scott Emerson;Guy Sovak;Heather Simmons;Kevin Brunner;Dane Schalk;John Sledge;Amber Hoggatt;Shanker Nesathurai(Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Auburn Hills, USA;Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Molecular Imaging, Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, USA;Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Canada;Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, USA;Lafayette Bone and Joint Clinic, Lafayette, USA;Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA;Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation, Hamilton, Canada;Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada)
